简介：忍受重量的骨头常常正在使它的结构和功能适应机械环境。通过平淡的锻练装载刺激骨头形成并且阻止骨头损失，但是在空间飞行期间象暴露一样通过床休息和演员组固定卸掉到无重状态减少它的团和力量。以便阐明位于卸掉开车骨头改编下面的机制，在vitro并且在vivo分析基于地面用旋转房间culturing和后部的手足暂停被进行了。在造骨细胞和后部的手足暂停集中于基因表达研究学习，这微型评论在空间在无重状态下面在骨头动态平衡上介绍我们的最近的理解。大多数存在数据显示卸掉有相反的效果到通过普通发信号的小径装载。然而，一个问题至于是否留下对卸掉唯一的任何小径(并且不装载)可以存在。

简介：MicroRNAs(miRNAs)areaclassofshort,endogenously-initiatednon-codingRNAsthatpost-transcriptionallycontrolgeneexpressionviaeithertranslationalrepressionormRNAdegradation.ItisbecomingevidentthatmiRNAsareplayingsignificantrolesinregulatorymechanismsoperatinginvariousorganisms,includingdevelopmentaltimingandhost-pathogeninteractionsaswellascelldifferentiation,proliferation,apoptosisandtumorigenesis.Likewise,asaregulatoryelement,miRNAitselfiscoordinativelymodulatedbymultifariouseffectorswhencarryingoutbasicfunctions,suchasSNP,miRNAediting,methylationandcircadianclock.Thismini-reviewsummarizedthecurrentunderstandingofinteractionsbetweenmiRNAsandtheirtargets,includingrecentadvancementsindecipheringtheregulatorymechanismsthatcontrolthebiogenesisandfunctionalityofmiRNAsinvariouscellularprocesses.

简介：Shorttandemrepeats(STRs)areshorttandemlyrepeatedDNAsequencesthatinvolvearepetitiveunitof1–6bp.Becauseoftheirpolymorphismsandhighmuta-tionrates,STRsarewidelyusedinbiologicalresearch.Strand-slippagereplicationisthepredominantmutationmechanismofSTRs,andthestepwisemutationmodelisregardedasthemainmutationmodel.STRmutationratescanbeinfluencedbymanyfactors.Moreover,sometrinucleotiderepeatsareassociatedwithhumanneurodegenerativediseases.InordertodeepenourknowledgeofthesediseasesandbroadenSTRapplication,itisessentialtounderstandtheSTRmutationpro-cessindetail.Inthisreview,wefocusonthecurrentknowninformationaboutSTRmutation.

简介：Withthedevelopmentofgenomesequencingformanyorganisms,moreandmorerawsequencesneedtobeannotated.Genepredictionbycomputationalmethodsforfindingthelocationofproteincodingregionsisoneoftheessentialissuesinbioinformatics.Twoclassesofmethodsaregenerallyadopted:similaritybasedsearchesandabinitioprediction.Here,wereviewthedevelopmentofgenepredictionmethods,summarizethemeasuresforevaluatingpredictorquality,highlightopenproblemsinthisarea,anddiscussfutureresearchdirections.