简介：ThesouthcoastalplainofLaizhouBayisoneofthetypicalsalt-waterintrusionareasinChina,theoccurrenceanddevelopmentofwhichwascloselyrelatedwiththepa-laeoenvironmentevolution.Systematicanalysesofpollen,foraminiferaandgrainsizecom-positionbasedon14Candluminescencedatingfromtwosedimentcoreswereperformedforthepurposeofunderstandingthesalt-waterintrusioninthecoastalplainofLaizhouBayfromtheperspectiveofenvironmentalevolutionsincelatePleistocene.Itcouldbeclassifiedintosevenevolutionstagessince120kaBP:120–85kaBPwasatransitionperiodfromcoldtowarm;85–76kaBPwasaperiodwithwarmandwetclimatehavingswamplakesdevelopedinthelowerreachesoftheWeiheRiver,southcoastalplainofLaizhouBay;76–50kaBPwascharacterizedbygrasslandvegetationandcoarsesedimentsinterrestrialenvironment,whichwastheearlystageofDaliIce-Age;50–24kaBPwasaperiodwithalternateseadepositioninthesouthcoastalplainofLaizhouBay;24–10kaBPwasthelatestageofDaliIce-AgewithcoldestperiodofQuaternary,thesouthcoastalplainofLaizhouBaywasdrygrasslandandloessdepositionenvironment;10–4kaBPwasanotherwarmandwetclimateperiod,sealevelwashighandregressedat4kaBP;andhasbeenthemodernsedimentaryenvironmentsince4kaBP.Amongthethreewarmstages,including85–76kaBP,50–24kaBPand10–4kaBP,correspondedtolateYangkou,GuangraoandKenliseawatertransgressionrespec-tively.ThedurationofthelatteroneinsouthcoastalplainofLaizhouBaywaslongerthanthatinwestcoastofBohaiSeaandeastcoastofLaizhouBay.Thethreeperiodsofseawatertransgressionformedthefoundationofsalt-waterintrusioninthisarea.

简介：非欧几何学产生以后，科学研究的主要任务由寻求真理转变为建设模型，地理科学的任务也理当发生相应的转向．像其他科学分支一样，地理学的研究目标不再是发现真理，而是提出假设、建立模型．判断一个地理理论模型好坏的标准不是模型的假设是否符合实际，而是该模型对现实世界的解释和预言能力．在模型的解释和预言能力一定的情况下，模型越是简单，就越是可取；在模型的复杂程度一定的情况下，模型的解释和预言能力越强，就越是优越．当一个地理模型不仅仅对地理现象具有刻画能力，而且对其他相关领域具有某种启示作用的时候．该模犁就具有超学科的理论意义或者研究价值．