简介：我国的吸烟人数在2002年到2010年的8年时间里基本没有下降，依然维持在3亿人以上，并有7．4亿不吸烟者遭受二手烟的危害。我国是全球全面控烟背景下烟草行业增长最’决的国家之一，同时也是世界上因烟草使用而导致死亡人口最多的国家。烟草行业阻挠控烟工作是导致控烟效果不佳的根本原因。

简介：2006年1月6日上午，国务院台湾事务办公室正式公布赠台大熊猫的最终遴选结果：16号，19号熊猫为大陆赠送台湾的熊猫。

简介：全球知名的以生态保护为宗旨的绿色和平组织、其船长最近又添新力军，购自原俄国的消防船（MVEsperanza），将取代老旧的“绿色和平号”，正式投入使用。2003年9月4日和5日，“希望号”抵访加拿大温哥华市，笔者闻讯赶到码头，不料却扑了一空，急询在场的绿色和平组织的义工，方得知“希望号”因前一天的抗议活动被码头管理公司下了逐客令，我和一群参观者马不停蹄地又赶到新的泊船地点，却是在温哥华的英格兰海湾中，经由小气艇驳接，终于在秋

简介：通过对宁乡市生活垃圾分类模式进行了初步调查了解,总结了宁乡生活垃圾处理主要的分类模式,分析了现有模式中存在的问题,提出相应的解决对策,为解决农村生活垃圾污染提供参考.图4,参11.

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简介：为探讨纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对细胞DNA损伤作用的差别,采用不同浓度的纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末（0、100、200、400μg·mL^-1）对Hela细胞进行染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳（彗星实验）检测Hela细胞的损伤效应.结果表明,与对照组相比,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2各染毒组细胞尾部DNA百分率（TailDNA%）和尾矩（TailMoment）均显著增加（p〈0.01）;同一浓度下,纳米MnO2组细胞尾部DNA百分率和尾矩显著高于常规MnO2组（p〈0.01）.以上结果表明,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2粉末均能导致Hela细胞DNA损伤,且纳米MnO2的损伤作用强于常规MnO2.

简介：莫残溪是苍山十八溪中植被最丰富的一条溪。二十四个节气二十四天，发芽，开花，结果，枯萎，直到无踪影。每个节气我都按时和它们见面，它们也会以不同的面貌展现在眼前。每次一个人在溪谷里行走都会有无限的感慨!感叹人生的短暂，我们人类也是自然的一部分。“人生一世，草木一秋”.

简介：焦化废水中含有大量毒性物质，具有较强的生物毒性。本文以实验室构建的A2／O焦化废水处理系统为研究对象，考察废水处理过程化学成分和急性毒性的变化。采用紫外扫描和三维荧光光谱分析考察了处理系统各阶段出水的物质组分，并采用固相萃取和超滤膜分离等手段对水样各组分的发光细菌急性毒性进行研究。结果表明，伴随着芳香族物质等毒物的去除，焦化废水的急性生物毒性在该处理系统中被逐步削减，最终出水的毒性当量仅为原水的28％；不同组分的生物毒性测试结果显示，废水水样的强极性和中等极性有机组分贡献了绝大部分的毒性当量，而这些物质主要在缺氧段及好氧段被削减；结合三维荧光光谱的分析结果，可推断焦化废水中一类很难在A2／O处理系统中被完全去除的芳香族蛋白质类似物（Ⅱ区）很可能具有较强的生物毒性，是构成出水毒性的主要物质。

简介：地名是人们日常提及最多、使用最多的词语之一,对我们的日常生活、社会活动和经济活动都重要的影响.每个地名都有它产生的过程,认识地名的起源,对研究一个地区的文化有重要的意义.地名起源是地名研究的重要部分,以往的地名起源分类多以概括性为主,缺少系统的分类方法.该研究从地理要素的角度,将居民点地名起源其分化为自然环境、人文和经济社会三个一级类,二十七个二级分类,自然环境分类又划分了三级和四级分类.根据这一分类方法,以茂名市各个镇的地名为例,将居民点地名分类法运用到区域地名的研究中,并阐述其分类过程中的一些基本原则.

简介：Globalclimatechangeisoneofthemajorenvironmentalissuesfacedbyhumans.Existingevidenceindicatesthattheanthropogenicpushforariseintheatmosphericconcentrationofgreenhousegases（GHGs）（particularlyCO2）hasbeenaprimarycauseforglobalwarming.Asidefromeconomicandteclinologicalfactors,demographicdynamics（includinghumanconsumptioninabroaddemographicsense）hasbeenamajordriverforCO2emissions.Inthispaper,weperformedbothnonlinearregressionanalysis（basedontheSTIRPATmodel）andgraycorrelationdegreeanalysis（basedongraysystemtheory）ontheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions.OurresultsrevealthatCO2emissionsarepositivelycorrelatedwithpopulationsizeandGDPpercapitaandnegativelycorrelatedwithenergyintensity.WealsoshowthatgraycorrelationdegreewithCO2emissionsforfivevariables（i.e.,householdconsumption,urbanizationrate,householdsize,populationagingrate,populationsize）variessubstantially:householdconsumption>urbanizationrate>householdsize>populationagingrate>populationsize,withhouseholdconsumptionbeingthehighest,andpopulationsizethelowest.TomitigatetheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions,itisofvitalsignificancetonurturepeople’sawarenessofsustainableconsumptionandtoadheretocurrentpopulationcontrolpolicies.

简介：HouseholdconsumptionisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatinduceCO2emission.Basedoninput-outputmodel,thisarticlecalculatedtheintensityofCO2emissionofdifferentincomegroupsandsevenprovincesinChina,andthenestimatedtotalCO2emissioninducedbyurbanhouseholdconsumptionfrom1995to2004inChinabasedonstatisticdataofhouseholdlivingexpenditure.TheresultsshowthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionhadincreasedfrom1583to2498kgCO2during1995-2004.Theratioofconsumption-inducedCO2emissiontototalCO2emissionhadrisenfrom19%to30%inthepastdecade.IndirectCO2emissionaccountedforanimportantpartoftheconsumption-inducedemission,theratioofindirectemissiontoconsumption-inducedemissionhadrisenfrom69%to79%duringthesameperiod.Asignificantdifferenceinconsumption-inducedCO2emissionacrossdifferentincomegroupsanddifferentregionshasbeenobserved.CO2emissionpercapitaofhigherincomegroupsanddevelopedregionsincreasedfasterthanthatoflowerincomegroupsanddevelopingregions.ChanginglifestylehasdrivensignificantincreaseinCO2emission.Especially,increasesinprivatetransportexpenditure(forexample,vehicleexpenditure)andhousebuildingexpenditurearekeydrivingfactorsofgrowthinconsumption-inducedCO2emission.TherearebigdifferencesintheamountofCO2emissioninducedbychangeinlifestyleacrossdifferentincomegroupsandprovinces.Itcanbeexpectedthatlowerincomehouseholdsanddevelopingregionswillincreaseconsumptiontoimprovetheirlivingswithincomegrowthinthefuture,whichmayinducemuchmoreCO2emission.AreasonablelevelofCO2emissionisnecessarytosatisfyhumanneedsandtoimprovelivingstandard,butanoticeablefactisthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionindevelopedareasofChinahadreachedaquitehighlevel.Adjustmentinlifestyletowardsalow-carbonsocietyisinurgentneed.

简介：法国梅康图尔国家公园拥有得天独厚的生物多样性，它集普罗旺靳的妩媚和阿尔卑斯山的宏伟于一身，区区数公里，生机勃勃的地中海风貌便转换为白雪覆盖的山地冰川。这片神奇的大地正期待着你的探索与发现。

简介：为探究并比较淡水鱼种日本青鳉早期发育阶段对Cu2＋和Cd2＋等重金属胁迫的响应,在实验室通过半静态方式,对日本青鳉受精卵和仔稚鱼分别进行了48h和96h急性毒性实验。结果表明：Cu2＋对日本青鳉胚胎24、48h-LC_（50）分别为8.164mg·L（-1）和6.965mg·L（-1）;Cd2＋对日本青鳉胚胎24、48h-LC_（50）分别为63.084mg·L（-1）和53.093mg·L（-1）;较低浓度组Cu（2＋）（≤1.97mg·L（-1））时日本青鳉胚胎的发育速率快于对照组,而较高浓度组（≥3.87mg·L（-1））胚胎的发育速率则慢于对照组;与Cu（2＋）略有不同,无论浓度高低Cd（2＋）对胚胎的孵化速率均产生抑制作用;Cu（2＋）和Cd（2＋）质量浓度分别高于1.97mg·L（-1）和19.68mg·L（-1）时,两种重金属离子均显著降低胚胎的孵化率（P〈0.05）。Cu（2＋）对日本青鳉初孵仔鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为5.361mg·L（-1）、2.844mg·L（-1）、2.020mg·L（-1）和1.352mg·L（-1）;Cd（2＋）对日本青鳉初孵仔鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为15.907mg·L（-1）、10.550mg·L（-1）、7.986mg·L（-1）和6.346mg·L（-1）;Cu（2＋）对日本青鳉稚鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为5.732mg·L（-1）、4.037mg·L（-1）、2.498mg·L（-1）和1.955mg·L（-1）;Cd（2＋）对日本青鳉稚鱼的24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为16.419mg·L（-1）、11.745mg·L（-1）、8.516mg·L（-1）和6.776mg·L（-1）。与其它淡水水生生物相比,日本青鳉仔稚鱼对铜和镉离子较为敏感。

简介：为了解大蒜鳞茎浸提液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用,实验采用不同浓度大蒜鳞茎浸提液对金秋红二号菜苔的种子进行处理,观察对种子萌发、幼苗根长、茎长和幼苗根重、苗重的影响.实验结果表明,大蒜鳞茎浸提液对金秋红二号菜苔种子的发芽率和发芽指数的化感作用随着大蒜鳞茎浸提液浓度的升高而增强;大蒜鳞茎浸提液对金秋红二号菜苔幼苗的根和苗都有抑制作用,且对根的化感作用强于苗的化感作用.

简介：AftertheKyotoProtocolwasimplemented,carbonleakageexertsgreatinfluencesoninternationaltradeandeconomy.Tradecreatesamechanismforconsumerstoshiftenvironmentalpollutionassociatedwiththeirconsumptiontoothercountries.ChinahasovertakentheU.S.astheworld'sbiggestCO2emittersince2006.AsChina'ssecondlargesttradepartner,theU.S.hasthebiggesttradedeficitwithChinawhichhasarousedalotofdisputesbetweenthetwoparties.ButsofartheassessmentsofthetradeimbalanceofChina-U.S.havepaidlittleattentiontoenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththetradeimbalance.Appliedaninput-outputapproach,thearticleestimatestheamountofCO2embodiedinChina-U.S.tradeduring1997-2007.ItwasfoundthatthroughtradewithChina,theU.S.reduceditsCO2emissionscomparedwithanon-tradescenario.Duetothegreatercarbon-intensityandrelativelylessefficientproductionprocessesofChineseindustry,China-U.S.traderesultedinmoreCO2emissionsinChinaandtheworld.Intheend,thearticlegivessomesuggestions:itisequalandsustainablethattheinternationalaccountingmethodologiesshouldbeimproved,forCO2emissionsresponsibilitymustbedesignedtoaccountforthedynamicnatureofinternationaltrade.

简介：EstablishingpositiveandurgenttargetsforCO2reductionandemissionpeak,andpromotingenergyconservationandenergystructureadjustmentareamongthestrategiestoaddressglobalclimatechangeandCO2emissionsreduction.Theyarealsomeanstobreakthroughtheconstraintsofdomesticresourcesandenvironment,andinternalneeds,toachievesustainabledevelopment.Generallyspeaking,acountry’sCO2emissionpeakappearsafterachievingurbanizationandindustrialization.Bythen,connotativeeconomicgrowthwillappear,GDPwillgrowslowly,energyconsumptionelasticitywilldecrease,andenergyconsumptiongrowthwillslowdown-dependentmainlyonnewandrenewableenergies.Fossilfuelconsumptionwillnotincreasefurther.WhenCO2emissionreachesitspeak,theannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofGDPisgreaterthanGDPannualgrowthrate;andtheannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofenergyuseisgreaterthantheannualgrowthrateofenergyconsumption.Therefore,threeimportantapproachestopromotionofCO2emissionpeakcanbeconcluded:maintainingreasonablecontrolofGDPgrowth,strengtheningenergyconservationtosignificantlyreducetheGDPenergyintensity,andoptimizingtheenergymixtoreducetheCO2intensityofenergyuse.Byaround2030,Chinawillbasicallyhavecompleteditsrapiddevelopmentphaseofindustrializationandurbanization.ConnotativeeconomicgrowthwillappearwiththeaccelerationofindustrialstructureadjustmentThetargetofGDPenergyintensitywillstillbetomaintainanaverageannualreductionof3%orhigher.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelswillreach20-25%,andtheaimwillbetomaintainanaverageannualgrowthrateof6-8%.Thetotalannualenergydemandgrowthof1.5%willbesatisfiedbythenewlyincreasedsupplyofnon-fossilfuels.TheannualdeclineinCO2intensityofGDPwillreach4.5%orhigher,whichiscompatiblewithanaverageannualGDPgrowth

简介：法国梅康图尔国家公园拥有得天独厚的生物多样性，它集普罗旺靳的妩媚和阿尔卑斯山的宏伟于一身，区区数公里，生机勃勃的地中海风貌便转换为白雪覆盖的山地冰川。这片神奇的大地正期待着你的探索与发现。

简介：法国梅康图尔国家公园拥有得天独厚的生物多样性，它集普罗旺靳的妩媚和阿尔卑斯山的宏伟于一身，区区数公里，生机勃勃的地中海风貌便转换为白雪覆盖的山地冰川。这片神奇的大地正期待着你的探索与发现。

简介：Inthispaper,weconstructamodelinwhichtheimpactofpollutiononhealthisexertedthroughbothdirectandindirectchannels.Theindirectchanneliscapturedbyaproductionfunc-tioninwhichtheprincipalhealth-improvingfactor,incomegrowth,canberealizedonlyinthecostofpollutionincrease.Thismodelisthentestedbytheaggregatedchroniclediseasedatainover78Chinesecounties.Ourresultsshow,afterattainingthethresholdof8μg/m2,continuousincreaseinindustrialSO2emissiondensitywillleadtheratioofpopulationsufferingchroniclediseases,amongwhichrespiratorydiseasesoccupyasignificantproportion,torise.However,owingtotechnologicalprogressinpollutioncontrolactivities,theneededSO2emissiontoproduceoneunitofGDPdiminisheswithtime.Therefore,thenegativeeffectfrompollutionaugmentationonpublichealthseemstoberecompensedmoreandmorebythepositiveeffectofeconomicgrowth.

简介：ThispaperproposestouseDEAmodelswithundesirableoutputstoconstructtheMalmquistindexthatcanbeusetoinvestigatethedynamicchangesofCO2emissionperformance.Withtheindex,theauthorshavemeasuredtheCO2emissionperformanceof28provincesandautonomousregionsinChinafrom1996to2007;withtheconvergencetheoryandpaneldataregressionmodel,theauthorsanalyzetheregionaldifferencesandtheinfluencingfactors.ItisfoundthattheperformanceofCO2emissionsinChinahasbeencontinuouslyimprovedmainlyduetothetechnologicalprogress,andtheaverageimprovementrateis3.25%,withacumulativeimprovementrateof40.86%.Inaddition,theCO2emissionperformancevariesacrossfourregions.Asawhole,theperformancescoreofeasternChinaisthehighest.ThenortheasternandcentralChinahasrelativelylowerperformancescores,andthewesternChinaisrelativelybackward.Theregionaldifferencesaredecreasing,andtheperformanceofCO2emissionsisconvergent.TheinfluenceofsomefactorsontheperformanceofCO2emissionsissignificant,suchasthelevelofeconomicdevelopment,thelevelofindustrialstructure,energyintensity,andownershipstructure.Theinfluenceofsomefactors,suchasopening-uptotheoutsideworld,ontheperformanceofCO2emissionsisnotsignificant..