简介:1IntroductionItisaprivilegeforme,asSecretary-GeneraloftheRio+20Conference,tobeherewithallofyou.OnbehalfoftheUnitedNations,letmeexpressmysinceregratitudetotheGlobalMayor'sForumforthisimportantcontributiontothepreparationsfortheUnitedNationsConferenceonSustainableDevelopment(Rio+20).
简介:BaliActionPlanprovisionsacknowledgethefactthatdevelopingcountriesarealreadymakingeffortstoreduceemissionsandmovetowardsalowcarbonpathway.TheCopenhagenAccordmentions"Nationallyappropriatemitigationactionsseekinginternationalsupportwillberecordedinaregistryalongwithrelevanttechnology,financeandcapacitybuildingsupport.Thephrase"measurable,reportableandverifiable"wascriticaltotheagreement,andthewayinwhichtheconceptofMRVisreflectedinthepost-2012agreementwillhavesignificantimplicationsfortheeffectivenessofthatagreementforstakeholdersinbothdevelopinganddevelopedcountries.Itisworthlookingforcurrentexamplesofdevelopingcountryprogramsthatcanbemeasured,reportedandverifiedandexamininghowcountriesthemselvescurrentlyundertakemitigationpoliciesandmeasures.ManyofChina’sdomesticpolicieshavebeenineffectforseveralyearsandthusprovideempiricalevidenceforhowsuchprogramscanworkontheground.ThispaperwillhighlighthowMRViscurrentlyapplieddomesticallyinChinaandwillnotmakeanyspecificproposalsfornegotiators;itonlyseekstoinforminternationaldiscussiononhowMRVmightbeappliedinpractice,andthereforewhatprovisionsmightberequiredinaUNFCCCclimateagreement.
简介:去年这一年,我们依然在各自的生活中辛勤奔波,依然见缝插针地走进旷野,或者像候鸟一样满世界飞翔,短暂停留后又赶赴下一场约会……但无论我们有多忙,走得有多远,却始终被对自然的热爱所温暖,被一种神秘的力量召唤。
简介:为了探究不同暴露时间甲醛对小鼠哮喘模型肺氧化应激及IL-17表达的影响,用浓度为3.0mg·m^-3的甲醛气体吸入染毒,同时将48只雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为6组:(1)对照组(生理盐水组);(2)ovalbumin(OVA)致敏组;(3)0.5h甲醛+OVA组;(4)1h甲醛+OVA组;(5)1.5h甲醛+OVA组;(6)2h甲醛+OVA组,以不同时间长度进行甲醛暴露,连续35d。OVA致敏组、0.5h甲醛+OVA组、1h甲醛+OVA组、1.5h甲醛+OVA组、2h甲醛+OVA组均在第11、18及25天腹腔注射OVA致敏液(5mgOVA+175mgAl(OH)_3+30mL生理盐水),第29~35天(共计1周)进行1%OVA雾化(30min·d^-1),每日1次,诱发哮喘。第36天进行以下操作:取肺组织测定肺系数并制作肺匀浆,检测肺组织中活性氧自由基(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,并采用ELISA法检测肺组织中IL-17的水平。同时,采用HE染色法观察小鼠肺部气道的病理学变化。结果显示,在浓度为3.0mg·m^-3的甲醛气体吸入染毒条件下,与对照组相比,1.5h甲醛+OVA染毒组、2h甲醛+OVA染毒组ROS、MDA、IL-17含量上升,具有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。同时,随着暴露时间长度的增加,小鼠肺部气道出现明显病理学变化。综上所述,每天2h甲醛+OVA染毒能对小鼠肺造成损伤并恶化OVA对小鼠肺的损伤,产生炎症反应,并通过氧化应激反应介导。
简介:Themechanismofhealtheffectscausedbyorganohalogenpollutants,e.g.,toxinsfromelectronicwaste(e-waste),ispoorlyunderstood.WesupposedthatmicroRNAs(miRNAs),animportantpost-transcriptionalregulator,couldplayaroleinthisprocess.Inthisstudy,fastingperipheralbloodsampleswerecollectedfromresidentslivingatane-wastesiteinnorthernChinaandanearbyreferencepopulation.Concentrationsofe-wasterelatedorganohalogenpollutantsinplasmafromtheexposuregroupwerehigherthanthecorrespondingmeasurementinthereferencegroup.Correspondingly,sixtymiRNAsinplasmashowed>2-foldchangebetweenthetwogroupsinmicroarrayanalysis.Amongthem,miR-125a-5pwasconfirmedtobeupregulatedbyqRT-PCRanditsvalidatedtargetswereenrichedinresponsestoxenobioticsandcancerrelatedpathways.Furthermore,significantpositivecorrelationswerefoundbetweenlevelsofmiR-125a-5pinplasmaandreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)inpolymorphonuclearneutrophilleukocytes(P<0.05).Theseevidencessuggestedoxidativestressmightbeanintermediatebetweene-wasterelatedPOPsexposureandalterationofplasmamiRNA.
简介:为了研究镍(Ni^2+)对不同种类跳虫的毒性效应,将曲毛裸长(Sinellacurviseta)、四刺泡角(Ceratophyselladuplicispinosa)、小原等节(Proisotomaminuta)、茉莉花长角(Entomobryasp.)、符氏直棘(Orthonychiurusfolsomi)5种中国优势跳虫物种,在琼脂培养基环境下分别暴露于Ni^2+的8个浓度组中进行24h、72h-LC_(50)急性毒性试验和28d生存试验。利用Bliss法测得其5种跳虫的24h-LC_(50)分别为52.99、35.91、33.46、23.72、13.50g·L^-1;72h-LC_(50)为46.25、4.54、13.37、14.79、4.35g·L^-1。在28d生存试验中得到成虫存活数量和繁殖情况。结果表明,5种跳虫中曲毛裸长对镍有较强的耐受性,茉莉花长角和小原等节次之,四刺泡角和符氏直棘较弱。符氏直棘与四刺泡角相比,随时间增加对镍的耐受性有相对增强的趋势。此外,Ni^2+对跳虫的毒性影响表现出阶段性的阈值效应。Ni^2+对5种跳虫的繁殖均有抑制作用。