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简介：Hightemperaturesuprerconductor(HTS)currentleadhasanadvantageinreducingelectricpowerconsumptionofarefrigeratorforalargecurrentsuperconductingmagnetsystemsuchasafusiondevice.Afusiondevicerequiresmorethan20pairsoflargecurrentleadsandeachcurrentcapacityisabout60kA.Theconventional60kAcurrentleadneeds100kWelectricpowerforrefrigerationanda2/3reductionisavailablebytheapplicationofaHTScurrentlead.

简介：Thispaperpresentedacontroldesignmethodologyforaprotonexchangemembranefuelcell(PEMFC)generationsystemforresidentialapplications.Thedynamicbehaviorofthegenerationsystemiscomplexinsuchapplications.Acomprehensivecontroldesignisveryimportantforachievingasteadysystemoperationandefficiency.Thecontrolstrategyfora60kWgenerationsystemwasproposedandtestedbasedonthesystemdynamicmodel.Atwo-variablesingleneuronproportional-integral(PI)decouplingcontrollerwasdevelopedforanodepressureandhumiditybyadjustingthehydrogenflowandwaterinjection.Asimilarcontrollerwasdevelopedforcathodepressureandhumiditybyadjustingtheexhaustflowandwaterinjection.Thedesiredoxygenexcessratiowaskeptbyafeedbackcontrollerbasedontheloadcurrent.Anoptimalseekingcontrollerwasusedtotracetheuniqueoptimalpowerpoint.TwonegativefeedbackcontrollerswereusedtoprovideACpowerandasuitablevoltageforresidentialloadsbyapowerconditioningunit.Controlsimulationtestsshowedthat60kWPEMFCgenerationsystemrespondedwellforcomputer-simulatedstepchangesintheloadpowerdemand.Thiscontrolmethodologyfora60kWPEMFCgenerationsystemwouldbeacompetitivesolutionforsystemleveldesignssuchasparameterdesign,performanceanalysis,andonlineoptimization.

简介：Inthispaper,a60kWprotonexchangemembranefuelcell(PEMFC)generationsystemismodeledinordertodesignthesystemparametersandinvestigatethestaticanddynamiccharacteristicsforcontrolpurposes.Toachieveanoverallsystemmodel,thesystemisdividedintofivemodules:thePEMFCstack(anodeandcathodeflows,membranehydration,andstackvoltageandpower),cathodeairsupply(aircompressor,supplymanifold,cooler,andhumidifier),anodefuelsupply(hydrogenvalveandhumidifier),cathodeexhaustexit(exitmanifoldandwaterreturn),andpowerconditioning(DC/DCandDC/AC)modules.Usingacombinationofempiricalandphysicalmodelingtechniques,themodelisdevelopedtosettheoperationconditionsofcurrent,temperature,andcathodeandanodegasflowsandpressures,whichhavemajorimpactsonsystemperformance.Thecurrentmodelisbasedona60kWPEMFCpowerplantdesignedforresidentialapplicationsandtakesaccountoftheelectrochemicalandthermalaspectsofchemicalreactionswithinthestackaswellasflowsofreactantsacrossthesystem.Thesimulationtestsshowthatthesystemmodelcanrepresentthestaticanddynamiccharacteristicsofa60kWPEMFCgenerationsystem,whichismathematicallysimpleforsystemparametersandcontroldesigns.

简介：大雪为何下得那么早？白天为何变得那么黑？极端天气和气候反常现象，近年来为何那么多？如果你弄清楚了这一切和“碳幽灵”有关，你还会觉得低碳经济离得很远吗？

简介：碳是铀及铀合金中的主要杂质元素，常以高熔点碳化物夹杂的形式存在于金属中，严重影响了材料基体的连续性，同时降低了合金元素的有效合金化数量和合金元素的均一性，造成合金组织的不均匀，并影响材料的力学性能和抗腐蚀性。

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简介：Internaltransportbarriers(ITB)havebeenachievedandstudiedindifferentshear(suchaspositiveshear,weakshearandreversedshear)dischargesinmostofthemajortokamakdevices.Itisnormallyproducedbyapplicationofneutralbeampreheating

简介：Recently,RNAprocessinghasemergedasanovelpathwaythatmaycontributetothemaintenanceofgenomestability[1].Alternativesplicingisakeymolecularmechanismforincreasingthefunctionaldiversityoftheeukaryoticproteomes,butitalsooftenalteredincancer.Mountingevidenceindicatesthatalternativesplicing,theprocessthatallowsproductionofmultiplemRNAvariantsfromeachgene,contributestotheheterogeneityofthedisease[2].Althoughthemechanismofalternativesplicingvariantincancerisunclear,thecancer-specificalternativesplicingvariantshavebeenobservedinavarietyofhumancancersandcancercelllinesandhavebeenconnectedtotumorgenesis.

简介：Thetargetofthelargenegativeionsourcebasedonneutralbeaminjection(N-NBI)istoproduceneutralbeamcurrentof22Aandbeampowerof10MWat500keVwithdurationtimeof10s.Sinceitwassuccessfullyoperatedin1996,the5.3MWneutralbeampowerat380keVwithdurationtimeof3shasbeenachieved.Inrecentyearsimprovingandenhancingthebeampoweraregoingon.Severalreasonssuchasplasmanon-uniformity,higherbeamdensityattheupperregioninthebeamprofile,

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简介：用俄歇电子能谱（AES）研究高真空室中铀样及多能量叠加离子注入碳铀样吸附氧气及初始氧化过程。铀以及离子注碳铀样品表面吸附氧及初始氧化行为研究发现，清洁铀表面在本底真空中吸附过程氧元素的体积分数变化呈线性增长，离子注入碳铀样品在本底真空中吸附过程氧元素的体积分数变化曲线存在转折点，转折点后氧元素体积分数变化曲线斜率减小，说明表面吸附氧气的能力减弱。

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简介：制备了几种CU－CO尖晶石，并用于催化CO2加氢合成低碳醇反应。结果表明，Cu－Co尖晶石是一种极具潜力的催化剂前驱体，具有出色的C2＋醇合成能力。但是，当在该催化剂中加入KOH时，这种能力下降。XRD表征表明，KOH的加入破坏了CU－Co合金的生成。一些结果被讨论。更多还原

简介：用单辊甩带法制备了不含高生物毒性元素的Ti60Zr10Ta15Si15非晶薄带,并在高于其晶化开始温度的不同温度下对该非晶薄带进行了真空退火,研究了该非晶薄带在磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS）中的电化学腐蚀行为及热处理对其显微组织及其电化学行为的影响。结果表明,用单辊甩带法制备的Ti60Zr10Ta15Si15金属薄带为完全的非晶态结构,其玻璃转变温度和晶化开始温度分别为759K和833K,经过878K真空热处理后,薄带发生了部分晶化,在非晶的基底上析出了Ti相;经过938K热处理后,薄带发生了完全晶化,晶化相主要由Ti、Si3Ta5和SiZr以及TiSi组成。动电位极化测试表明,该非晶合金在PBS溶液中可表现出较为优异的耐蚀性能,部分晶化可进一步提高该合金的耐蚀性能,而完全晶化的合金抗腐蚀性能明显下降。

简介：主要进行了金相光学显微组织观察和SEM观察，分析了针状组织的形貌特点。同时对组织长大过程中出现的合并和碰撞等现象做了相应的讨论。根据SEM观察结果，讨论了针状铁素体组织在夹杂物和晶界处形核的特点。最后给出了针状组织维L~（Vickers）硬度的测量结果和评价。

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