简介:Thesymmetryenergywhichcharacterizestheisospindependenceoftheequationofstateofasymmetricnuclearmatter,playsacrucialroleinunderstandingavarietyofissuesinnuclearphysicsandastrophysics,suchasheavyioncollisions,exoticnuclei,stabilityofsuperheavynuclei,fusioncrosssections,thestructures,compositionandcoolingofneutronstars[1??5].Muchtheoreticalandexperimentalefforthasbeenmadetoconstrainthedensitydependenceofsymmetryenergy.Uptonow,wehavegotsomebasicknowledgeaboutthesymmetryenergyatlowdensities,whileathighdensitiesweevendonotknowitsvariationtendencyasafunctionofdensity.Theproblemremainsunsolvedduetothedifficultyofnucleon-nucleoninteractionsandmany-bodyproblems.
简介:Thehighrepetitionrate10J/10nsYb:YAGlasersystemanditskeytechniquesarereported.Theamplifiersinthissystemhaveamulti-passV-shapestructureandtheheatintheamplifiersisremovedbymeansoflaminarwaterflow.Inthemainamplifier,thelaserisfour-pass,andanapproximately8.5J/1Hz/10nsoutputisachievedintheprimarytest.Thefar-fieldoftheoutputbeamisapproximately10timesthediffractionlimit.Becauseofthehigherlevelsofamplifiedspontaneousemission(ASE)inthemainamplifier,theoutputenergyislowerthanexpected.Attheendwediscusssomemeasuresthatcanimprovethepropertiesofthelasersystem.