简介：Tomeettherequirementsfortheaerodynamicperformanceandthrustforcedemandedinhypersonicmissions,theintegrationdesignoffuselageandenginemustbeconsideredforhypersonicvehiclewithascramjetengine.Theconfigurationofwaveriderisatypicalhypersonicvehicleshape,whosefore-bodycancompresstheflowinadvanceandprovideuniformflowfortheairintake,andwhoseaft-bodyisusedasanexpansionsurfaceofnozzle.Inthepresentpaper,anengineeringmethodisappliedtodefinetotalaerodynamiccharacteristicsofanapproximatewaveriderconfiguration.Afinitevolumemethodbasedonthecenterofgridisalsoemployedtonumericallyinvestigatetheoutflowpassthesameconfiguration.Theflowfielddetailsandtheaerodynamicchanacteristicsatgivenconditionsareobtained.Theevaluationforthisconfigurationmaybeusedasaguideforthehypersonicvehicleexperiment.

简介：Thoughthebumperofavehicleplaysamajorroleinprotectingthevehiclebodyagainstdamageinlowspeedimpacts,manybumpers,particularlyinlargevehicles,aretoostiffforpedestrianprotection.Indesigningabumperforanautomobile,pedestrianprotectionisasimportantasbumperenergyabsorptioninlowspeedcollisions.Topreventlowerextremityinjuriesincar-pedestriancollisions,itisimportanttodeterminetheloadingsthatcarfrontstructuresimpartonthelowerextremitiesandthemechanismsbywhichinjuryiscausedbytheseloadings.Thepresentworkwasfocusedongainingmoreinsightintotheinjurymechanismsleadingtobothligamentdamageandbonefractureduringbumper-pedestriancollisions.TheEuropeanEnhancedVehicle-safetyCommittee(EEVC)legformimpactormodelwasintroducedandvalidatedagainstEEVC/WG17criteria.ThecollisionmechanismbetweenabumperandthislegformimpactorwasinvestigatednumericallyusingLS-DYNAsoftware.Toidentifytheeffectofthebumperbeammaterialonleginjuries,fouranalyseswereperformedonbumpersthathadthesameassemblybutweremadefromdifferentmaterials.

简介：Amodel-basedestimatordesignandimplementationisdescribedinthispapertoundertakecombinedestimationofvehiclestatesandtire-roadfrictioncoefficients.Theestimatorisdesignedbasedonavehiclemodelwiththreedegreesoffreedom(3-DOF)andthedualextendedKalmanfilter(DEKF)techniqueisemployed.EffectivenessoftheestimationisexaminedandvalidatedbycomparingtheoutputsoftheestimatorwiththeresponsesofthevehiclemodelinCarSiminthreetypicalroadadhesionconditions(high-friction,low-friction,andjoint-frictionroads).SimulationresultsdemonstratethattheDEKFestimatoralgorithmdesignedisabletoobtainvehiclestates(e.g.,yawrateandrollangle)aswellasroadfrictioncoefficientswithreasonableaccuracy.