简介:ThegreatSanhe-PingguM8earthquakeoccurredin1679wasthelargestsurfaceruptureeventrecordedinhistoryinthenorthernpartofNorthChinaplain.Thisstudydeterminesthefaultgeometryofthisearthquakebyinvertingseismologicaldataofpresent-daymoderate-smallearthquakesinthefocalarea.Werelocatedthoseearthquakeswiththedouble-differencemethod.Basedontheassumptionthatclusteredsmallearthquakesoftenoccurinthevicinityoffaultplaneoflargeearthquake,andreferringtothemorphologyofthelongaxisoftheisoseismallineobtainedbythepredecessors,weselectedastrip-shapedzonefromtherelocatedearthquakecatalogintheperiodfrom1980to2009toinvertfaultplaneparametersofthisearthquake.Theinversionresultsareasfollows:thestrikeis38.23°,thedipangleis82.54°,theslipangleis-156.08°,thefaultlengthisabout80km,thelower-boundarydepthisabout23kmandtheburieddepthofupperboundaryisabout3km.ThisshowsthattheseismogenicfaultisaNNE-trendingnormaldip-slipfault,southeastwalldownwardandnorthwestwalluplift,withtheright-lateralstrike-slipcomponent.Moreover,thesurfacerupturezone,intensitydistributionoftheearthquakeandseismic-wavevelocityprofileinthefocalareaallverifiedourstudyresult.
简介:Athree-dimensionalrigidbodyontheshapeofaparallelepipedismodelledinordertorockonasideoravertexofthebase,inordertoevaluatetheseismicresponseofrigidblockslyingonahorizontalsupport.Thecenterofmassofthebodyisconsideredaseccentricwithrespecttoitsgeometriccenter.Asseismicinput,threeItalianrecordedaccelerograms,withdifferentspectralcontent,areused.Thestudyismainlyconductedtohighlightthedifferencesbetweentheseismicresponseof2Dand3Dmodelsofrigidblocks,withtheaimtounderstandif,insomecases,theuseofthe3Dmodelofrigidblockisrequiredtoobtainsaferresults.Infact,theoutcomesshowthatinsomerangesofthegeometricalandmechanicalparametersthatcharacterizetheexcitationandthebody,atwo-dimensionalmodel,whichisnotabletoconsiderthe3Drockingonavertex,canprovideunsaferesults.Inparticular,itisfoundthattheoverturningprocessofthethree-dimensionalblockcanoccurunderexcitationswhicharelowerthanthosewhichoverturnacorrespondingtwo-dimensionalblock.
简介:一个方法被建议在设计实践为使用估计地震soil-structure-interaction(SSI)效果。它对受到的2D结构适用垂直地事件砍波浪由同质的一半空间支持了。自从它保留简洁,方法是吸引人的光谱途径,克服一些困难和存在古典技术的不确,然而,它考虑身体上一致的刺激。简洁的这水平通过回答被完成能被用于免费地的5%阻尼反应系列产出设计的系列修正因素光谱考虑散布运动的纵标由相互作用效果介绍了。修正因素在结构的相对排水量和免费地的运动之间的转移功能(TF)是代表性的,它以它的最大的振幅被描述并且联系了频率。由练习工程师计算修正因素的表情被建议用实际结构的576盒子代表在参量的研究之上基于。方法在跨越大量普通基本颤动时期的10种情况中被测试。
简介:Inthispaper,weproposeanearlyanalyticexponentialtimedifference(NETD)methodforsolvingthe2Dacousticandelasticwaveequations.Inthismethod,weusethenearlyanalyticdiscreteoperatortoapproximatethehigh-orderspatialdifferentialoperatorsandtransformtheseismicwaveequationsintosemi-discreteordinarydifferentialequations(ODEs).Then,theconvertedODEsystemissolvedbytheexponentialtimedifference(ETD)method.WeinvestigatethepropertiesofNETDindetail,includingthestabilityconditionfor1-Dand2-Dcases,thetheoreticalandrelativeerrors,thenumericaldispersionrelationforthe2-Dacousticcase,andthecomputationalefficiency.Inordertofurthervalidatethemethod,weapplyittosimulatingacoustic/elasticwavepropagationinmultilayermodelswhichhavestrongcontrastsandcomplexheterogeneousmedia,e.g.,theSEGmodelandtheMarmousimodel.Fromourtheoreticalanalysesandnumericalresults,theNETDcansuppressnumericaldispersioneffectivelybyusingthedisplacementandgradienttoapproximatethehigh-orderspatialderivatives.Inaddition,becauseNETDisbasedonthestructureoftheLiegroupmethodwhichpreservesthequantitativepropertiesofdifferentialequations,itcanachievemoreaccurateresultsthantheclassicalmethods.
简介:丽江-小金河断裂斜切中国西南“川滇菱块”,走向北东,为一高角度斜滑断裂.与平面遥感影像相比,通过三维影像解译断错地貌有显著的优越性.印度P5卫星数据具备真正2.5m分辨率,在制图方面,像对生成DEM以及制图精度可达1∶25000.本文依据立体像对提取DEM的原理,利用ENVI软件DEMExtraction模块提耿出了丽江-小金河断裂带P5立体像对的DEM.文中利用等高线套合分析法和剖面线法对DEM精度进行评价,结论认为,DEM精度优于1∶5万地形图等高线高程精度,而且与实时动态差分(RTK)测量结果比较一致.文章重点选取了丽江市北东方向干塘子和西南方向南溪盆地两处,将三种高程数据——从P5立体像对提取出的DEM、googleearth影像地形高程和1∶5万矢量地形图等高线生成的DEM,结合GoogleEarth影像做成三维立体影像,较为直观地对三种高程数据进行了有效的对比,结论认为,P5立体像对生成的DEM精度最高.在室内利用高精度三维立体图对丽江-小金河断裂断层地貌进行了解译,经过野外踏勘和探槽验证,证明三维影像解译具有很高的利用价值.
简介:ThispapercalculatesthestaticCoulombstresschangesgeneratedbyfourearthquakesintheYutianareaduring2008~2014separately,thendiscussesthetriggeringinfluence,theiraccumulatedCoulombstresschangesandtheirinfluenceonnearbyfaults.TheresultsindicatethattheMS5.5earthquakein2011andtheM_S7.3earthquakein2014arebothintheregionswheretheCoulombstresschangeispositive,thestresschangesare0.004MPaand0.021MPa,respectively,meaningtheyaretriggeredbypriorearthquakes.TheMS6.2earthquakein2012occurredintheplacewhereCoulombstresschangewasnegative,soitispostponedbythepriorearthquakes.TheimageofCoulombstresschangesoftheMS7.3earthquakein2014isinaccordwithaftershocks(ML≥3.0)distribution,butsomeregionsonthefaultwheretheCoulombstresschangeispositivehavefewaftershocks,andstrongaftershocksmayoccuratthesedistrictsinfuture.Inaddition,thispapercalculatestheCoulombstresschangeonnearbyfaults,andfindsthattheCoulombstresschangesofdifferentelementsintheGGCfaultareverydifferent,andmustreceivestrongtriggered-influence,thoughtheresultmaybeinfluencedbytheinputfinitefaultmodel,sothereisstillalargeearthquake-risk.TheGGN,PLC,PLWandLBWfaultswerealsotriggeredbythefourearthquakesoccurringbetween2008~2014.TheirmaximumCoulombstresschangesallexceed0.002MPa,sotheyalsohaveastrongearthquakehazard.
简介:TheYutianearthquakewithM_S7.3happenedonFebruary12,2014.Theprecursormonitoringabilityisweakinthatarea.Wefoundtendencyanomaliesandmiddle-andshort-termanomaliesfrommetalpendulumtiltmeasurementsinHotanseismicstationbeforetheearthquake.AndwealsocomparedtheanomalieswiththatoftheM_S7.3YutianearthquakeonMarch21,2008.Thetendencyanomaliesmeasuredbythemetalpendulumtiltmeterappearedsince2012astiltingeastward.Whilethemiddle-andshort-termanomalieswerecharacterizedbyacceleration,pauseandrapidchangeoftiltrateintwodirections.Thetendencyanomaliesofmetalpendulumtiltrecordsarethesamebeforethetwoearthquakes.Theybothhappenedintheeastdirection.However,therearedifferencesinduration,characteristicandearthquakeintervalsforthemiddle-andshort-termanomalies.
简介:Inthisstudy,weadoptanimprovedBayesianapproachbasedonfree-knotB-splinebasestostudythespatialandtemporaldistributionoftheb-value.SynthetictestsshowthattheimprovedBayesianapproachhasasuperiorperformancecomparedtotheBayesianapproachaswellasthewidelyusedmaximumlikelihoodestimation(MLE)methodinfittingtherealvariationofb-values.WethenapplytheimprovedBayesianapproachtoNorthChinaandfindthattheb-valuehasaclearrelevancetoseismicity.Temporalchangesofb-valuesarealsoinvestigatedintwospecificareasofNorthChina.Weinterpretsharpdecreasesintheb-valuesasusefulmessagesinearthquakehazardanalysis.
简介:Inthispaper,weadopttheobservationdataoftwo10HzYRY4-componentboreholestrainmetersandone100HzFBS-3BbroadbandseismometertostudytheresponsesoftheirobservationstotheApril11,2012MW8.6earthquakeoffthewestcoastofnorthernSumatra,andcomparetheresponsecharacteristicsduringthecoseismicstageafterpreprocessingofthedata.Weanalyzethespectrum’sdynamicprocessduringthecoseismicstagewiththeStransformationmethod,anddiscussthespectrum’sdetailsindifferentseismicphases.TheStransformationresultsofthedataofseismometerandboreholestrainmeteratthesamestationshowthatthecoseismicspectrumevolutionofthetwokindsofobservationaresimilartoeachotherandcanbecross-referencedinindentifyingthewavesignals,whichprovesthattheboreholestrainmetermeasurementsathighfrequenciesarereliable.