简介:国内车用替代燃料主要分为4类:生物质液体燃料(燃料乙醇、生物柴油)、电动力和氢能源、煤基液体燃料(煤制油、燃料甲醇)、车用燃气(CNG、LNG、LPG)。近年来,绿色低碳发展已经成为全球的共识,为配合国家空气治理工作,国内各大石油公司一方面加速提升油品质量,另一方面积极配合政府推广替代燃料,从而推动了国内车用替代燃料的快速发展。2018—2020年,生物质液体燃料政策性扩大封闭推广区域,不仅直接影响国内汽油市场,而且间接打击汽油调合市场,影响量超过2000万t/a;国内电动汽车爆发式增长、氢燃料电池汽车崭露头角,加速国内成品油需求见顶;低油价下煤制油项目坚持前行,五省一市甲醇汽车试点项目通过验收,甲醇汽车将正式走向市场;天然气汽车发展速度大不如前,规划目标恐难实现,有可能直接被逾越,LPG汽车逐步退出市场。全球群起宣布禁售燃油车,我国也已启动相关研究,将制定我国传统能源汽车退出时间表,远期汽车动力将会发生颠覆性的变化。
简介:Inthispaper,2-isopropylnaphthalenehasbeensynthesizedbythereactionofnaphthaleneandisopropylbromide,usingtriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidasthecatalyst.Theeffectofthecatalystcomposition,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratioofthereagentsonthe2-isopropylnaphthaleneyieldwassystematicallyinvestigated.Theoptimalreactionconditionscover:anAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof2.0,areactiontimeof3h,areactiontemperatureof15.0℃,avolumefractionofionicliquidtothemixture(isopropylbromide,n-dodecaneandn-hexane)of9%,andanaphthalene/isopropylbromidemolarratioof4.0.Undertheoptimalreactionconditions,theconversionofisopropylbromidereached98%andtheselectivityof2-isopropylnaphthalenewasequalto80%.ThetestresultsverifiedgoodcatalyticactivityuponusingEt3NHCl-AlCl3ionicliquidasthecatalystforalkylationofnaphthalenewithisopropylbromide.Theactivityoftheionicliquidremainsunchangedafterithasbeenrecycledfor4times.
简介:Alkylationoftoluenewith2-chloro-2-methylpropane(t-Bu-Cl)tosynthesizepara-tert-butyltoluene(PTBT)wascarriedoutinthepresenceoftriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidsusedasthecatalyst.TheionicliquidswerepreparedwithdifferentmolarratiosofEt3NHCltoAlCl3,andtheeffectofthemolarratiobetweenAlCl3andEt3NHCl,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratiooftoluenetochloro-2-methylpropaneonthealkylationreactionoftoluenewithchloro-2-methyl-propanewasinvestigated.ThetestresultsshowedthattheacidicionicliquidspreparedwithEt3NHClandAlCl3hadgoodactivityandselectivityforthealkylationreactionoftoluenewithalkylchloridetoproducePTBT.TheoptimalreactionconditionswerespecifiedatanAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof1.6,areactiontemperatureof20℃,amassfractionoftoluenetoionicliquidof10%,andachloro-2-methylpropanetotoluenemolarratioof0.5.Underthesuitablereactionconditions,a98%conversionofchloro-2-methylpropaneandan82.5%selectivityofPTBTwereobtained.Ionicliquidscouldbereused5timeswithitscatalyticactivityunchanged,andtheregeneratedionicliquidscanberecycled.