简介：为了研究A2N-SBR短程硝化反硝化系统内亚硝化细菌和短程反硝化聚磷菌的培养驯化,以实际生活污水为试样,对A2N-SBR系统内N-SBR反应器和A2-SBR反应器的菌种分别进行培养驯化.结果表明：在温度为26～28℃,pH值为7.5～8.0,DO质量浓度为0.4～0.8mg/L的条件下,经过38d的连续运行,在N-SBR反应器内驯化出了亚硝化细菌,氨氮的去除率和亚硝化率分别达到97.0％和96.5％在温度为25～26℃,pH值为7.0～8.0的条件下,采用先厌氧/好氧后厌氧/缺氧的运行方式,经过78d的连续运行,在A2-SBR反应器内驯化出短程反硝化聚磷菌,COD和PO4-3-的去除率分别达到86.2％和96.4％,NO-N的质量浓度也由29.9mg/L降为0.35mg/L.研究表明,通过控制适宜的环境条件,在A2N-SBR系统的N-SBR反应器和A2-SBR反应器内能够分别培养驯化出亚硝化细菌和短程反硝化聚磷菌.

简介：富勒烯（C60）作为一种被广泛使用的纳米工程材料,其环境行为和所造成的毒效应越来越引起人们的关注,特别是其与重金属的联合毒性。文章选取模式生物大型溞研究纳米水稳型富勒烯（nC60）与Zn2＋和Cr6＋的联合毒性。按EPA2024急性毒性试验结果,nC60对大型溞48h-LC50为0.47mg·L-1,最大无观察效应浓度（NOEC）为0.10mg·L-1。NOEC浓度选定为nC60亚急性试验浓度,用于联合毒性试验。nC60增强了Zn2＋和Cr6＋对大型溞的毒性,Zn2＋和Cr6＋对大型溞48h-LC50分别由2.33mg·L-1和0.40mg·L-1降低为1.52mg·L-1和0.33mg·L-1,nC60增加了大型溞对Zn2＋和Cr6＋的摄入,暴露1440min后体内Zn2＋和Cr6＋累积量分别由6.52μg·g-1湿重和1.52μg·g-1湿重增加到9.98μg·g-1湿重和3.01μg·g-1湿重,nC60和Zn2＋和Cr6＋联合作用于大型溞后,大型溞SOD酶活性均呈现出增强的诱导现象,联合作用时诱导作用强于两种物质单独作用。此研究表明：在亚急性浓度下,nC60增强了Zn2＋和Cr6＋对大型溞的毒性,提高了大型溞体内Zn2＋和Cr6＋的积累,并提高大型溞体内自由基活性。

简介：通过涂覆热分解法制备了Ti/RuO2-ZrO2-SnO2、Ti/RuO2电极材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和循环伏安(CV)对电极材料进行表征,考察了电流密度、NaCl质量浓度、pH值及电极间距对废水COD降解率的影响。结果表明,Ti/RuO2-ZrO2-SnO2电极对COD具有更高的降解率,对其进行工艺优化。电极材料对废水降解的最佳工艺条件为电流密度40mA/cm^2,NaCl质量浓度4g/L,pH=5.0,电极间距10mm,COD的降解率达到90.5%。Ti/RuO2-ZrO2-SnO2电极中SnO2与RuO2生成固溶体,有利于增强涂层与基体之间的结合力,提高电极的稳定性;ZrO2起到细化晶粒的作用,致使电极表面粗糙度增加,增强了电极的电催化性能,且降解过程符合一级动力学模型。

简介：为了评估反应体系发生热失控时引发3-甲基吡啶-N-氧化物分解的可能性，采用差示扫描量热仪（DSCQ20）对3-甲基吡啶-N-氧化物在不同升温速率下的催化分解过程进行了试验研究。采用Kissinger法和Starink法计算热分解反应的活化能和指前因子。根据得到的活化能，计算3-甲基吡啶-N-氧化物在不同温度下到达最大反应速率所需要的时间（TMRad），结合可能性评估判据进行评估。结果表明：3-甲基吡啶-N-氧化物的分解由两部分组成；两种方法计算得到的活化能较为接近；当冷却失效，反应体系热失控温度达到448K时，3-甲基吡啶-N-氧化物发生分解的可能性为高级，当温度为433~443K时，可能性为中级，而当温度低于428K时，可能性为低级。

简介：为探讨纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对细胞DNA损伤作用的差别,采用不同浓度的纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末（0、100、200、400μg·mL^-1）对Hela细胞进行染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳（彗星实验）检测Hela细胞的损伤效应.结果表明,与对照组相比,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2各染毒组细胞尾部DNA百分率（TailDNA%）和尾矩（TailMoment）均显著增加（p〈0.01）;同一浓度下,纳米MnO2组细胞尾部DNA百分率和尾矩显著高于常规MnO2组（p〈0.01）.以上结果表明,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2粉末均能导致Hela细胞DNA损伤,且纳米MnO2的损伤作用强于常规MnO2.

简介：温室气体CO2的减排问题已经引起了国际社会的极大关注。火电行业是CO2排放量的主体。燃煤电厂实施碳减排和碳零排放是走向清洁能源必由之路。目前，燃煤电厂实施CO2的减排主要是从常规燃煤电厂烟道气分离CO2，其中，电厂CO2捕集技术路线主要包括燃烧后脱碳、燃烧前脱碳、富氧燃烧以及化学链燃烧技术。

简介：Globalclimatechangeisoneofthemajorenvironmentalissuesfacedbyhumans.Existingevidenceindicatesthattheanthropogenicpushforariseintheatmosphericconcentrationofgreenhousegases（GHGs）（particularlyCO2）hasbeenaprimarycauseforglobalwarming.Asidefromeconomicandteclinologicalfactors,demographicdynamics（includinghumanconsumptioninabroaddemographicsense）hasbeenamajordriverforCO2emissions.Inthispaper,weperformedbothnonlinearregressionanalysis（basedontheSTIRPATmodel）andgraycorrelationdegreeanalysis（basedongraysystemtheory）ontheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions.OurresultsrevealthatCO2emissionsarepositivelycorrelatedwithpopulationsizeandGDPpercapitaandnegativelycorrelatedwithenergyintensity.WealsoshowthatgraycorrelationdegreewithCO2emissionsforfivevariables（i.e.,householdconsumption,urbanizationrate,householdsize,populationagingrate,populationsize）variessubstantially:householdconsumption>urbanizationrate>householdsize>populationagingrate>populationsize,withhouseholdconsumptionbeingthehighest,andpopulationsizethelowest.TomitigatetheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions,itisofvitalsignificancetonurturepeople’sawarenessofsustainableconsumptionandtoadheretocurrentpopulationcontrolpolicies.

简介：二氧化硫对空气的污染已经引起国家的关注，二氧化硫等酸性气体所形成的酸雨危害给工农业生产带来了严重损害及环境污染，控制二氧化硫排放已成当务之急，而我国在烧结烟气脱硫方面还是空白,随着国家对二氧化硫造成的空气污染重视程度不断提高以及相关环保法规的出台，使得治理二氧化硫的污染势在必行。

简介：HouseholdconsumptionisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatinduceCO2emission.Basedoninput-outputmodel,thisarticlecalculatedtheintensityofCO2emissionofdifferentincomegroupsandsevenprovincesinChina,andthenestimatedtotalCO2emissioninducedbyurbanhouseholdconsumptionfrom1995to2004inChinabasedonstatisticdataofhouseholdlivingexpenditure.TheresultsshowthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionhadincreasedfrom1583to2498kgCO2during1995-2004.Theratioofconsumption-inducedCO2emissiontototalCO2emissionhadrisenfrom19%to30%inthepastdecade.IndirectCO2emissionaccountedforanimportantpartoftheconsumption-inducedemission,theratioofindirectemissiontoconsumption-inducedemissionhadrisenfrom69%to79%duringthesameperiod.Asignificantdifferenceinconsumption-inducedCO2emissionacrossdifferentincomegroupsanddifferentregionshasbeenobserved.CO2emissionpercapitaofhigherincomegroupsanddevelopedregionsincreasedfasterthanthatoflowerincomegroupsanddevelopingregions.ChanginglifestylehasdrivensignificantincreaseinCO2emission.Especially,increasesinprivatetransportexpenditure(forexample,vehicleexpenditure)andhousebuildingexpenditurearekeydrivingfactorsofgrowthinconsumption-inducedCO2emission.TherearebigdifferencesintheamountofCO2emissioninducedbychangeinlifestyleacrossdifferentincomegroupsandprovinces.Itcanbeexpectedthatlowerincomehouseholdsanddevelopingregionswillincreaseconsumptiontoimprovetheirlivingswithincomegrowthinthefuture,whichmayinducemuchmoreCO2emission.AreasonablelevelofCO2emissionisnecessarytosatisfyhumanneedsandtoimprovelivingstandard,butanoticeablefactisthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionindevelopedareasofChinahadreachedaquitehighlevel.Adjustmentinlifestyletowardsalow-carbonsocietyisinurgentneed.

简介：为探究并比较淡水鱼种日本青鳉早期发育阶段对Cu2＋和Cd2＋等重金属胁迫的响应,在实验室通过半静态方式,对日本青鳉受精卵和仔稚鱼分别进行了48h和96h急性毒性实验。结果表明：Cu2＋对日本青鳉胚胎24、48h-LC_（50）分别为8.164mg·L（-1）和6.965mg·L（-1）;Cd2＋对日本青鳉胚胎24、48h-LC_（50）分别为63.084mg·L（-1）和53.093mg·L（-1）;较低浓度组Cu（2＋）（≤1.97mg·L（-1））时日本青鳉胚胎的发育速率快于对照组,而较高浓度组（≥3.87mg·L（-1））胚胎的发育速率则慢于对照组;与Cu（2＋）略有不同,无论浓度高低Cd（2＋）对胚胎的孵化速率均产生抑制作用;Cu（2＋）和Cd（2＋）质量浓度分别高于1.97mg·L（-1）和19.68mg·L（-1）时,两种重金属离子均显著降低胚胎的孵化率（P〈0.05）。Cu（2＋）对日本青鳉初孵仔鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为5.361mg·L（-1）、2.844mg·L（-1）、2.020mg·L（-1）和1.352mg·L（-1）;Cd（2＋）对日本青鳉初孵仔鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为15.907mg·L（-1）、10.550mg·L（-1）、7.986mg·L（-1）和6.346mg·L（-1）;Cu（2＋）对日本青鳉稚鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为5.732mg·L（-1）、4.037mg·L（-1）、2.498mg·L（-1）和1.955mg·L（-1）;Cd（2＋）对日本青鳉稚鱼的24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为16.419mg·L（-1）、11.745mg·L（-1）、8.516mg·L（-1）和6.776mg·L（-1）。与其它淡水水生生物相比,日本青鳉仔稚鱼对铜和镉离子较为敏感。

简介：AftertheKyotoProtocolwasimplemented,carbonleakageexertsgreatinfluencesoninternationaltradeandeconomy.Tradecreatesamechanismforconsumerstoshiftenvironmentalpollutionassociatedwiththeirconsumptiontoothercountries.ChinahasovertakentheU.S.astheworld'sbiggestCO2emittersince2006.AsChina'ssecondlargesttradepartner,theU.S.hasthebiggesttradedeficitwithChinawhichhasarousedalotofdisputesbetweenthetwoparties.ButsofartheassessmentsofthetradeimbalanceofChina-U.S.havepaidlittleattentiontoenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththetradeimbalance.Appliedaninput-outputapproach,thearticleestimatestheamountofCO2embodiedinChina-U.S.tradeduring1997-2007.ItwasfoundthatthroughtradewithChina,theU.S.reduceditsCO2emissionscomparedwithanon-tradescenario.Duetothegreatercarbon-intensityandrelativelylessefficientproductionprocessesofChineseindustry,China-U.S.traderesultedinmoreCO2emissionsinChinaandtheworld.Intheend,thearticlegivessomesuggestions:itisequalandsustainablethattheinternationalaccountingmethodologiesshouldbeimproved,forCO2emissionsresponsibilitymustbedesignedtoaccountforthedynamicnatureofinternationaltrade.

简介：EstablishingpositiveandurgenttargetsforCO2reductionandemissionpeak,andpromotingenergyconservationandenergystructureadjustmentareamongthestrategiestoaddressglobalclimatechangeandCO2emissionsreduction.Theyarealsomeanstobreakthroughtheconstraintsofdomesticresourcesandenvironment,andinternalneeds,toachievesustainabledevelopment.Generallyspeaking,acountry’sCO2emissionpeakappearsafterachievingurbanizationandindustrialization.Bythen,connotativeeconomicgrowthwillappear,GDPwillgrowslowly,energyconsumptionelasticitywilldecrease,andenergyconsumptiongrowthwillslowdown-dependentmainlyonnewandrenewableenergies.Fossilfuelconsumptionwillnotincreasefurther.WhenCO2emissionreachesitspeak,theannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofGDPisgreaterthanGDPannualgrowthrate;andtheannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofenergyuseisgreaterthantheannualgrowthrateofenergyconsumption.Therefore,threeimportantapproachestopromotionofCO2emissionpeakcanbeconcluded:maintainingreasonablecontrolofGDPgrowth,strengtheningenergyconservationtosignificantlyreducetheGDPenergyintensity,andoptimizingtheenergymixtoreducetheCO2intensityofenergyuse.Byaround2030,Chinawillbasicallyhavecompleteditsrapiddevelopmentphaseofindustrializationandurbanization.ConnotativeeconomicgrowthwillappearwiththeaccelerationofindustrialstructureadjustmentThetargetofGDPenergyintensitywillstillbetomaintainanaverageannualreductionof3%orhigher.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelswillreach20-25%,andtheaimwillbetomaintainanaverageannualgrowthrateof6-8%.Thetotalannualenergydemandgrowthof1.5%willbesatisfiedbythenewlyincreasedsupplyofnon-fossilfuels.TheannualdeclineinCO2intensityofGDPwillreach4.5%orhigher,whichiscompatiblewithanaverageannualGDPgrowth

简介：(接本刊上一期)第三章电脑收费系统一、系统结构与组成本系统主要由车道计算机系统、数据处理和管理计算机系统、视频抓拍系统组成.

简介：将壳聚糖与膨润土结合,研制出一种复合吸附剂,并用于溶液中Cu2+的脱除,取得很好的效果,脱除率达到70%以上.通过X-射线衍射实验研究了改性膨润土的结构和改性机理.结果表明,膨润土的片状层结构未发生变化,壳聚糖仅吸附在膨润土的内外表面.该吸附剂具有投药量少、稳定性高、操作简单、无再次污染等优点.

简介：为保障天然气脱碳后有效开发,对产生的CO_2资源进行处理,减少外排造成的污染,在CO_2驱油的基础上,拓展应用领域,开展CO_2吞吐技术研究,通过实验评价,应用于吞吐增产机理主要有解膨胀、降低原油黏度及回流返排等三个方面,利用数模与物模等方式对注入量、注入压力及闷井时间等参数进行优化设计。技术研究成功,在吉林油田规模应用100井次/年均,增产原油0.7万t,投入产出比1：1.5,可达到减排目的。

简介：新生态MnO2是一种高效吸附材料,用MnSO4和KMnO4反应制备了该吸附剂,并表征了其基本性质.新生态MnO2对As(Ⅴ)具有很高的吸附去除率和较快的吸附速度,吸附动力学符合Lagergren二级速度方程;吸附pH曲线呈"∽"形,pH=6.5时出现一个吸附峰值;pH=5.5时,As(Ⅴ)的吸附等温线符合Langmuir型;pH=6.5时符合Freundlich型;稀NaOH溶液是As(Ⅴ)的有效解吸液,1mol/LNaOH溶液浸泡1h后,As(Ⅴ)的解吸率可达82.7%.

简介：湖北宜化号称“中国氮肥第一股”，近段时期公司股价涨势良好。但是，8月7日周一公司股票复牌后，早盘即以36万手封单直接被钉死在跌停板上。原来，其子公司新疆宜化化工有限公司日前发生一起造成2人死亡的安全生产事故，被安监部门吊销了安全生产许可证，并被列入安全生产“黑名单”。但这次事故仅仅是压死骆驼的最后一根稻草。

简介：Inthispaper,weconstructamodelinwhichtheimpactofpollutiononhealthisexertedthroughbothdirectandindirectchannels.Theindirectchanneliscapturedbyaproductionfunc-tioninwhichtheprincipalhealth-improvingfactor,incomegrowth,canberealizedonlyinthecostofpollutionincrease.Thismodelisthentestedbytheaggregatedchroniclediseasedatainover78Chinesecounties.Ourresultsshow,afterattainingthethresholdof8μg/m2,continuousincreaseinindustrialSO2emissiondensitywillleadtheratioofpopulationsufferingchroniclediseases,amongwhichrespiratorydiseasesoccupyasignificantproportion,torise.However,owingtotechnologicalprogressinpollutioncontrolactivities,theneededSO2emissiontoproduceoneunitofGDPdiminisheswithtime.Therefore,thenegativeeffectfrompollutionaugmentationonpublichealthseemstoberecompensedmoreandmorebythepositiveeffectofeconomicgrowth.

简介：ThispaperproposestouseDEAmodelswithundesirableoutputstoconstructtheMalmquistindexthatcanbeusetoinvestigatethedynamicchangesofCO2emissionperformance.Withtheindex,theauthorshavemeasuredtheCO2emissionperformanceof28provincesandautonomousregionsinChinafrom1996to2007;withtheconvergencetheoryandpaneldataregressionmodel,theauthorsanalyzetheregionaldifferencesandtheinfluencingfactors.ItisfoundthattheperformanceofCO2emissionsinChinahasbeencontinuouslyimprovedmainlyduetothetechnologicalprogress,andtheaverageimprovementrateis3.25%,withacumulativeimprovementrateof40.86%.Inaddition,theCO2emissionperformancevariesacrossfourregions.Asawhole,theperformancescoreofeasternChinaisthehighest.ThenortheasternandcentralChinahasrelativelylowerperformancescores,andthewesternChinaisrelativelybackward.Theregionaldifferencesaredecreasing,andtheperformanceofCO2emissionsisconvergent.TheinfluenceofsomefactorsontheperformanceofCO2emissionsissignificant,suchasthelevelofeconomicdevelopment,thelevelofindustrialstructure,energyintensity,andownershipstructure.Theinfluenceofsomefactors,suchasopening-uptotheoutsideworld,ontheperformanceofCO2emissionsisnotsignificant..

简介：为研究城市不同区域植物叶面滞尘和叶片形态结构特征,以西安市不同区域的大叶女贞(Ligustrumlucidum)和小叶女贞(Ligustrumquihoui)为研究对象,用重量法测定叶面滞尘量,用激光粒度分析仪测定叶面尘的粒径分布,用图像分析法测定叶片形态结构(叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶柄长)和表皮特征(气孔密度和气孔面积)。结果表明,大叶女贞和小叶女贞叶面滞尘量在不同区域具有显著差异(ANOVA,p<0.05),其变化范围分别为0.96~5.56g/m2、1.04~6.70g/m2,且表现出小叶女贞显著大于大叶女贞(t检验,p<0.05)。大叶女贞叶面尘粒径累积曲线呈双峰分布,小叶女贞呈单峰分布。从粒径分布来看,大叶女贞叶面上滞留颗粒物粒径更小,且随污染程度的增加,叶面滞留的小粒径颗粒物亦增加。受不同区域微环境的影响,大叶女贞叶片形态发生明显变化,而小叶女贞变化不明显。总体而言,大叶女贞叶宽、叶面积、叶柄长和气孔面积随污染程度的加剧而减小,气孔密度则随污染程度的增加而增加。小叶女贞除气孔密度随污染程度的增加升高外,其他叶片结构特征,如叶长、叶宽、叶面积和气孔面积均较相对清洁区稍有增大。叶片形态特征值与滞尘量之间存在显著关系,除气孔密度与叶面滞尘量呈极显著对数正相关(p<0.05)外,其他特征值均与叶面滞尘量呈极显著的对数负相关关系(p<0.05)。