简介：我们确定了在在到March-2013的从April-2010的Kundapura的红树属植物的鸟的种类差异。我们记录了36个家庭和14目的79种类。这71%者之中是居民种类，22%是居住候鸟，8%是迁移的。一危及的种，三近威胁的种，和一些偶尔的来宾被记录。种类差异和许多鸟是更大的在期间从整个是的5月的10月，有食物，增加的植被和候鸟的到达的可获得性。最小的差异由于大雨通过9月从6月被记录，水的增加的流动，食物的有限可获得性和候鸟的回来。

简介：Background:The‘Khasihillsal'forestecosysteminMeghalaya,Indiarepresentstheeasternmostlimitofsaldistribution.Wetestediftreediversityandcompositionalheterogeneityofthisecosystemwashigherthanothersal-dominatedforestsduetomoisterenvironment.Methods:Vegetationwassampledin11transectsof10mwidthandupto500mlengthcovering5.2haarea.Allstems≥10cmgirthatbreastheightwereenumerated.Results:WefoundapatternofmixeddominanceofShorearobusta(sal)andSchimawallichiiandco-dominanceofPinuskesiyaandCareyaarborea.TheShannon'sdiversityindex(H′)was3.395nats.ThisvalueisremarkablyhighandcompetitivetothatofmoistsalforestsofeasternHimalayanfoothillsandsal-dominatedforestsofTripura.AhighvalueofH′wasmanifestedby:a)highspeciesrichness(S=123),b)goodequitability(70.6%),c)‘fair'resourceapportionment,andd)abundanceofrarespecies(84%specieswithlessthanonepercentoftotalindividuals,67%specieswithtwoorlessindividualsha-1and59%specieswithoneorlessindividualsha-1).Thecompositionalheterogeneitywas‘fair'(Whittaker'sβw=3.15).ThepresenceofFagaceaewithsixspeciescommanding4.3%ofimportancevalue(IVI)andofapine(P.kesiya)insalforestwasremarkable.Asmanyas58speciesshowed‘lowdensity(≤10individualsha-1),uniformdispersion',fivespeciesachieved‘higherdensity(>10individualsha-1),uniformdispersion'andsixofthetop10specieswere‘clumped'.Theforestshowedanexponentialdemographiccurveillustrating‘good'regenerationofanexpandingcommunity.Verticalstratificationwassimplewithapoorcanopyandfairsubcanopy,whichtogetherwithlowbasalarea(15.65m2·ha-1forindividuals≥10cmgbh)indicatedloggingofmaturesaltreesinthepast.Conclusions:The‘Khasihillsal'forestecosystemisricherinalphaandbetadiversitythanmostsal-dominatedforests,butpastlogginghasreducedbasalarea.Selectiveremovalofsmal