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简介：AbstractMucormycosis is a lethal human disease caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Mucormycosis is caused by fungi mainly belonging to the genera Mucor, Rhizopus, and Lichtheimia, all of which belong to the order Mucorales. The number of individuals with mucormycosis-causing disorders has increased in recent years, hence, leading to the spread of mucormycosis. Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous cases of mucormycosis in COVID-19-infected patients have been reported worldwide, and the illness is now recognized as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, with most of the cases being reported from India. Immunocompromised patients such as those with bone marrow sickness and uncontrolled diabetes are at a greater risk of developing mucormycosis. Genes, pathways, and other mechanisms have been studied in Mucorales, demonstrating a direct link between virulence and prospective therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review discusses several proteins such as high-affinity iron permease (FTR1), calcineurin, spore coat protein (CotH), and ADP-ribosylation factors involved in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis that might prove to be viable target(s) for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

简介：AbstractIn order to effectively implement the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Codes of Conduct for Scientists, biosecurity awareness-raising and education are essential because if these are not in place scientists will not understand the need for biosecurity codes of conduct. In an effort to assist in the implementation of the guidelines, a small-scale survey was carried out in early 2022 of biosecurity awareness-raising and education projects that have been developed over the last two decades to discover what resources and experience have been accumulated. It is argued that the survey demonstrates that much of what is needed to implement the guidelines effectively has been developed, but that there are specific deficiencies that need to be remedied quickly. In particular, an updated teaching resource covering the core issues related to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the problem of dual use in scientific research needs to be made widely available and translated into at least the six official United Nations (UN) languages. Additionally, more specialists from the Humanities with expertise in ethics need to become involved in biosecurity awareness-raising and education activities. While advantage should be taken now of the available national, regional and international networks of people involved in related activities, it is suggested that in the longer term cooperation in biosecurity awareness-raising and education will benefit from the development of an equivalent organisation to the International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN) organised through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

简介：AbstractBackground:Zoonoses are public health threats that cause severe damage worldwide. Zoonoses constitute a key indicator of One Health (OH) and the OH approach is being applied for zoonosis control programmes of zoonotic diseases. In a very recent study, we developed an evaluation system for OH performance through the global OH index (GOHI). This study applied the GOHI to evaluate OH performance for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods:The framework for the OH index on zoonoses (OHIZ) was constructed including five indicators, 15 subindicators and 28 datasets. Publicly available data were referenced to generate the OHIZ database which included both qualitative and quantitative indicators for all sub-Sahara African countries (n = 48). The GOHI algorithm was used to estimate scores for OHIZ. Indicator weights were calculated by adopting the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process.Results:Overall, five indicators associated with weights were generated as follows: source of infection (23.70%), route of transmission (25.31%), targeted population (19.09%), capacity building (16.77%), and outcomes/case studies (15.13%). Following the indicators, a total of 37 sub-Sahara African countries aligned with OHIZ validation, while 11 territories were excluded for unfit or missing data. The OHIZ average score of sub-Saharan Africa was estimated at 53.67/100. The highest score was 71.99 from South Africa, while the lowest score was 40.51 from Benin. It is also worth mentioning that Sub-Sahara African countries had high performance in many subindicators associated with zoonoses, e.g., surveillance and response, vector and reservoir interventions, and natural protected areas, which suggests that this region had a certain capacity in control and prevention or responses to zoonotic events.Conclusions:This study reveals that it is possible to perform OH evaluation for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa by OHIZ. Findings from this study provide preliminary research information in advancing knowledge of the evidenced risks to strengthen strategies for effective control of zoonoses and to support the prevention of zoonotic events.

简介：AbstractBackground:Being able to predict with confidence the early onset of type 2 diabetes from a suite of signs and symptoms (features) displayed by potential sufferers is desirable to commence treatment promptly. Late or inconclusive diagnosis can result in more serious health consequences for sufferers and higher costs for health care services in the long run.Methods:A novel integrated methodology is proposed involving correlation, statistical analysis, machine learning, multi-K-fold cross-validation, and confusion matrices to provide a reliable classification of diabetes-positive and -negative individuals from a substantial suite of features. The method also identifies the relative influence of each feature on the diabetes diagnosis and highlights the most important ones. Ten statistical and machine learning methods are utilized to conduct the analysis.Results:A published data set involving 520 individuals (Sylthet Diabetes Hospital, Bangladesh) is modeled revealing that a support vector classifier generates the most accurate early-onset type 2 diabetes status predictions with just 11 misclassifications (2.1% error). Polydipsia and polyuria are among the most influential features, whereas obesity and age are assigned low weights by the prediction models.Conclusion:The proposed methodology can rapidly predict early-onset type 2 diabetes with high confidence while providing valuable insight into the key influential features involved in such predictions.

简介：摘要：随着社会的不断发展和进步，城市化进程的加快，园林绿化工程对于我国的城市建设起着越来越重要的作用。在园林绿化施工过程中，反季节施工是最较为常见的施工工艺，在进行反季节施工时，要遵循一定的规则，遵守绿植的生长习性，在合适的时间进行反季节栽植。利用反季节施工技术，能够突破季节对种植绿化的影响，加快施工进度，缩短施工工期，在最短的时间的完成园林景观效果。本文从优化城市形象、改善生活环境以及提升绿化水平几方面着手，阐述了反季节施工技术的重要性，阐述园林绿化工程反季节施工存在的问题提出了几点应对策略，为我国城市园林绿化工程高质量建设创造良好的条件。

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简介：摘要：营运资金是企业管理工作中的重要资源，若企业的营运资金管理不当，将给企业的发展带来不利影响。在新常态的背景下，企业要在激烈的市场竞争中获得发展，就需要改进企业的各项管理环节。如果企业的营业资金管理不当，将导致企业的发展受阻。当前很多企业在发展过程中营运资金管理的问题阻碍了企业的生存和发展。从企业的发展来看，企业对营运资金的需求在不断增加，但是大部分企业营运资金管理工作不完善，金融市场机制不健全，导致企业在管理过程中存在一定风险。

简介：摘要:随着社会经济的飞速发展以及城市化进程的步伐加快，市政工程管理水平的高低不仅会影响到居民的生活环境，而且会直接影响到城市的健康发展，尤其是基于新时代的背景之下都市生态问题逐渐受到了重视，老城区和现代都市建筑之间存在很多的矛盾。本文就市政工程管理中的都市生态问题展开探讨，并提出对应的优化方法。

简介：摘要：港口工程是影响我国经济发展的重要工程形式，伴随我国经济发展以及建设工程行业技术水平的不断攀升，人们对港口的施工安全重视程度与日俱增。这就要求有关工作人员，真正重视现场施工管理的重要性。本研究将结合当前港口现场施工管理问题，讨论港口现场施工管理原则和港口现场施工管理内容，希望对相关人士有一定参考价值。

简介：摘要：中药炮制是祖国医学独特的制药技术，也是中医学在千年发展过程中积累的宝贵经验。古人把中药炮制比作练兵，认为“未练之兵”不可御敌，“为制之药”不可去病，足见中药炮制的重要性。本文分别从中药炮制的研究进展与研究思路两方面展开综述。

简介：摘要：随着社会的不断演进，人们对于工民建工程的品质要求也日益提高。作为一个建筑工程企业，必须重视工程施工质量。只有建筑的品质符合规范，才能确保建筑的稳定性和可靠性。因此，为了满足现代社会发展的需求，必须要重视建筑工程项目管理工作。合理的工程项目管理模式在施工过程中扮演着监督和促进施工质量的重要角色，它不仅能够提升施工质量和缩短工期，同时也能够确保施工人员和整个施工过程的安全性。

简介：摘要：建筑工程建设资金成本投入较大，只有保证每一笔资金都得到有效应用，才能提高项目整体经济收益。文章对建筑施工成本内容进行分析，探讨施工项目成本管理面临问题，并对成本管理提出一些措施建议。

简介：摘要：交通工程专业涉及的课程包括系统工程、经济法规、交通规划、交通控制、工程概预算等，该专业主要是为交通管理部门、规划设计部门以及发展计划部门提供高级工程技术人才，在我国交通事业蓬勃发展的今天，交通工程已经逐步成为被广大学生普遍认可的热门专业。基于此，本文将着重围绕交通工程专业特色的发展方向以及有效策略展开论述。

简介：摘要：确保农产品质量安全，提高品质，改善农业生态环境，促进农业可持续发展，采取行之有效技术措施开展农业“三减”技术路径研究探讨。

简介：摘要：酒店的工作是以服务人为中心，服务品质的好坏直接影响到酒店的经济效益，因此在酒店管理中，对员工进行激励是保证酒店经营活动顺利进行的必要条件。本文选择开业近2年的******度假酒店为研究对象，对其员工激励体系进行了调查和分析，并就其如何更有效地进行员工激励提出了意见和建议。

简介：摘要：工程变更是发生在合同实施过程中的，它是随着合同状态的改变而进行的对合同文件的修改与补充，以及对合同的价格和工期的调整。因为工程变更的发生是由很多因素造成的，而且工程变更所涉及的单位部门不是单一，所以工程变更是复杂的。设计、使用功能、承包商等的变更以及地质条件的变化等都是引起工程变更的原因，而工程变更引致各个参与建设的单位部门相互影响。工程变更管理是一门复杂的工作，它涵盖着质量和投资管理以及组织协调等内容。工程变更管理可以督促参与工程建设的各个单位部门恪守本工程各个合同的规定，有效地控制合同范围内的工作内容，同时，它可以使各方的经济责任清晰明了，可以很好地使各方的合法利益得到保障。

简介：【摘要】我国历史文化源远流长，保留了很多历史文化价值较高的古遗址，提倡对古遗址的保护与利用意义重大。由于当前社会经济的飞速发展，古遗址保护与利用工作有逐渐被忽略的趋势。如果人们因为没有引起足够的重视而造成了对古遗址的伤害，不仅是直接损害了古遗址的价值，也是对历史和文化的伤害。目前，古遗址的保护与利用工作在有些区域的贯彻和落实过程中还存在一些问题，例如操作不当、项目决策失误等。因此，相关部门及人员应该针对古遗址的不同特点和不同状况制定相应的措施，从而达到古遗址保护与利用的目的。

简介：摘要：研究型审计应该基于时代对审计工作提出的要求，确定工作使命定位与发展路径，基于对审计工作的要求，使用研究方法与思维开展活动，将审计实践上升到理论层面，使审计活动能够按照要求良好地进行，本文介绍研究型审计概念与特征，提出实践路径，确保审计工作可以按照要求落到实处。

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