简介：~~

简介：~~

简介：

简介：SeismicityoftheEarth(MC4.5)wascompiledfromNEIC,IRISandISCcataloguesandusedtocomputeb-valuebasedonvarioustimewindows.Itisfoundthatcontinuouscyclicb-variationsoccuronbothlongandshorttimescales,thelatterbeingofmuchhighervalueandsometimesinexcessof0.7oftheabsoluteb-value.Thesevariationsoccurnotonlyyearlyormonthly,butalsodaily.Beforetheoccurrenceoflargeearthquakes,b-valuesstartincreasingwithvariablegradientsthatareaffectedbyforeshocks.Insomecases,thegradientisreducedtozeroortoanegativevalueafewdaysbeforetheearthquakeoccurrence.Ingeneral,calculatedb-valuesattainmaxima1daybeforelargeearthquakesandminimasoonaftertheiroccurrence.Bothlinearregressionandmaximumlikelihoodmethodsgivecorrelatable,butvariableresults.Itisfoundthatanexpandingtimewindowtechniquefromafixedstartingpointismoreeffectiveinthestudyofb-variations.Thecalculatedb-variationsforthewholeEarth,itshemispheres,quadrantsandtheepicentralregionsofsomelargeearthquakesareofbothlocalandregionalcharacter,whichmayindicatethatinsuchcases,thegeodynamicprocessesactingwithinacertainregionhaveamuchregionaleffectwithintheEarth.Theb-variationshavelongbeenknowntovarywithanumberoflocalandregionalfactorsincludingtectonicstresses.Theresultsreportedhereindicatethatgeotectonicstressremainsthemostsignificantfactorthatcontrolsb-variations.ItisfoundthatforearthquakeswithMwC7,anincreaseofabout0.20intheb-valueimpliesastressincreasethatwillresultinanearthquakewithamagnitudeoneunithigher.

简介：将有限区域流函数、速度势求解中常用的两种张驰法（即理查逊法和加速利布曼法）与调和一余弦谱展开法（H—C法）进行了比较，理论研究表明：H-C法单独考虑边界影响分量，物理意义明确，且不会丢失边界上的天气系统；从计算上看，H-C法重建的风场能精确还原原始风场，且计算效率明显高于两种张驰法，即收敛更快。通过在台风Bilis（0604）暴雨增幅过程诊断中的应用发现，常用的两种张驰迭代方法在求解有限区域流函数和速度势的问题上效果都不是很好，即：用理查逊法和加速利布曼法计算的流函数和速度势重建的风场与原始风场差别较大，不能准确还原原始风场；用H—C法不仅计算效率高，还原的风场与原始风场差异极小，且不受南边界较强的西南季风涌影响，在暴雨增幅前期能较好地反映与暴雨增幅相关的强辐合信号。因此，可用H—C法计算得到的无辐散风和无旋风对有限区域的天气系统进行更深入的动力结构分析。