简介：Theaimofthismanuscriptistoreviewtheactionandadverseeffectsofcombinedoralcontraceptives(COCs)onoculartissues.Thepercentageofunwantedpregnanciesandthesubsequentabortionsmakecontraceptioncrucialworldwide.Over100millionwomenaroundtheworldusecommoncontraceptivemethods,includingintrauterinedevices,combinedestrogenandprogestinoralcontraceptives,aswellasprogestinonlypreparations(oralcontraceptives,implantsorinjections).COCsarewidelyusedforcontraception,buttheyarealsoindicatedinmenorrhagia,endometriosis,acneandhirsutism,fibroiduterusandpremenstrualsyndrome.However,theyhavebeenassociatedwithhighratesofcardiovascularevents,venousthromboembolicdisease,ischemicstrokesandbreastcancer.TheincidenceofCOCs-relatedocularcomplicationsisestimatedtobe1in230000,includingdryeyesymptoms,cornealedema,lensopacitiesandretinalneuro-ophthalmologicorvascularcomplications.WemayinferthattheseriousocularcomplicationsofCOCscanbepreventedbyeliminatingtheestrogendosageandchoosingthird-generationprogestins.Inanycase,doctorsshouldtakeintoconsiderationthesystemicandocularhistoryofthepatientsbeforeselectinganymethodofcontraception.

简介：Thesurface-relatedmultipleelimination(SRME)methodisbasedonfeedbackformulationandhasbecomeoneofthemostpreferredmultiplesuppressionmethodsused.However,somedifferencesareapparentbetweenthepredictedmultiplesandthoseinthesourceseismicrecords,whichmayresultinconventionaladaptivemultiplesubtractionmethodsbeingbarelyabletoeffectivelysuppressmultiplesinactualproduction.ThispaperintroducesacombinedadaptivemultipleattenuationmethodbasedontheoptimizedeventtracingtechniqueandextendedWienerfiltering.ThemethodfirstlyusesmultiplerecordspredictedbySRMEtogenerateamultiplevelocityspectrum,thenseparatestheoriginalrecordtoanapproximateprimaryrecordandanapproximatemultiplerecordbyapplyingtheoptimizedeventtracingmethodandshort-timewindowFKfilteringmethod.AfterapplyingtheextendedWienerfilteringmethod,residualmultiplesintheapproximateprimaryrecordcanthenbeeliminatedandthedamagedprimarycanberestoredfromtheapproximatemultiplerecord.ThismethodcombinestheadvantagesofmultipleeliminationbasedontheoptimizedeventtracingmethodandtheextendedWienerfilteringtechnique.Itisanidealmethodforsuppressingtypicalhyperbolicandothertypesofmultiples,withtheadvantageofminimizingdamageoftheprimary.Syntheticandfielddatatestsshowthatthismethodproducesbettermultipleeliminationresultsthanthetraditionalmulti-channelWienerfiltermethodandismoresuitableformultipleeliminationincomplicatedgeologicalareas.

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简介：Lateralorganizationanddynamicsoflipidsinplasmamembranesarecrucialforseveralcellularprocessessuchassignaltransductionacrossthemembraneandstillremainelusive.Inthispaper,usingcoarse-grainedmoleculardynamicssimulation,wetheoreticallystudythecombinedeffectsofheadgroupchargeandtailunsaturationoflipidsonthelateralorganizationanddiffusionoflipidsinternarylipidbilayers.Inneutralternarylipidbilayerscomposedofsaturatedlipids,unsaturatedlipids,andcholesterols,undertheconditionsofgiventemperatureandcomponents,themainfactorforthephaseseparationistheunsaturationofunsaturatedlipidsandthebilayerscanbeseparatedintoliquid-ordereddomainsenrichedinsaturatedlipidsandcholesterolsandliquid-disordereddomainsenrichedinunsaturatedlipids.Oncetheheadgroupchargeisintroduced,theelectrostaticrepulsionbetweenthenegativelychargedlipidheadgroupswillincreasethedistancebetweenthechargedlipids.Wefindthatthelateralorganizationanddiffusionofthelipidsinthe(partially)chargedternarylipidbilayersaredeterminedbythecompetitionbetweentheheadgroupchargeandtheunsaturationoftheunsaturatedlipids.Inthebilayerscontainingunsaturatedlipidswithlowerunsaturation,theheadgroupchargeplaysacrucialroleinthelateralorganizationanddiffusionoflipids.Theheadgroupchargemaymakethelipiddomainsunstableandevencansuppressphaseseparationofthelipidsinsomesystems.However,inthebilayerscontaininghighlyunsaturatedlipids,thelateralorganizationanddiffusionoflipidsaremainlydominatedbytheunsaturationoftheunsaturatedlipids.Thisworkmayprovidesometheoreticalinsightsintounderstandingtheformationofnanosizeddomainsandlateraldiffusionoflipidsinplasmamembranes.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheefficacyandsafetyofanti-vascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)combinedwithphotodynamictherapy(PDT)versusanti-VEGFmonotherapyforpolypoidalchoroidalvasculopathy(PCV).METHODS:WeconductedaMeta-analysisof9studiestocomparetheefficacyandsafetybetweencombinedtherapyandanti-VEGFmonotherapyforPCV.TheprogramsofRevMan5.3andStata12.0wereusedtoanalyzedata.RESULTS:Thebestcorrectedvisualacuity(BCVA)incombinedtherapygroupweresignificantlybetterthanthoseofanti-VEGFmonotherapygroupat6,24and36mo,withpooledweightedmeansdifferences(WMDs)of0.12(0.06,0.18),0.25(0.12,0.38)and0.28(0.13,0.43),respectively.Thecentralretinalthickness(CRT)reductionsincombinedtherapygroupwerehigherthanthatinantiVEGFmonotherapygroupat1,3,6and9mo,withpooledWMDsof63.90(20.41,107.38),33.47(4.69,62.24),30.57(0.12,60.01)and28.00(2.51,53.49),respectively.Theregressionrateofpolypsincombinedtherapygroupwasmuchhigherthanthatinanti-VEGFmonotherapygroup[RD:0.47(0.26,0.68);P<0.0001].Theadverseeventretinalhemorrhagedidnotdiffersignificantlybetweenthetwogroups.CONCLUSION:OurfindingsclearlydocumentthatantiVEGFcombinedwithPDTisamoreeffectivetherapyforPCVcomparedwithanti-VEGFmonotherapy.Furthermore,combinedtherapydoesnotincreasetheincidenceofretinalhemorrhage.