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简介：ＦＲＥＤＨＯＬＭＤＥＴＥＲＭＩＮＡＮＴＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＦＯＲＮＯＮＬＩＮＥＡＲＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＳＡＳＳＯＣＩＡＴＥＤＷＩＴＨＩＳＯＳＰＥＣＴＲＡＬＳＣＨＲＯＤＩＮＧＥＲＥＩＣＥＮＶＡＬＵＥＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＨｕａｎｇＬｉｅｄｅ（黄烈德）；ＸｉａＺｈｏｎｇ...

简介：这被显示出nonautonomous分离Toda方程和它的B?cklund转变能从分离KP方程和分离二维的Toda方程的层次的减小被导出。nonautonomous的决定因素答案的一些明确的例子包括Askey-Wilson多项式的分离Toda方程被介绍。最后，我们讨论在nonautonomous之间的关系分离Toda系统和nonautonomous分离Lotka-Volterra方程。

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简介：AbstractLimited data is available on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), critical illness rate, and in-hospital mortality in the African setting. This study investigates determinants of critical illness and in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients in Kenya. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Kenya. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were employed to determine predictor factors for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality, respectively. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier model was used to compare the survival times using log-rank tests. As a result, 346 (19.3%) COVID-19 patients were admitted to ICU, and 271 (15.1%) died. The majority of those admitted to the hospital were male, 1,137 (63.4%) and asymptomatic, 1,357 (75.7%). The most prevalent clinical features were shortness of breath, fever, and dry cough. In addition, older age, male, health status, patient on oxygen (O2), oxygen saturation levels (SPO2), headache, dry cough, comorbidities, obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, chronic lung disease (CLD), and malignancy/cancer can predicate the risk of ICU admission, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-0.92). Survival analysis indicated 271 (15.1%) patients died and identified older age, male, headache, shortness of breath, health status, patient on oxygen, SPO2, headache, comorbidity, CVDs, diabetes, CLD, malignancy/cancer, and smoking as risk factors for mortality (AUC-ROC: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.89-0.91). This is the first attempt to explore predictors for ICU admission and hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients in Kenya.

简介：Background:Improvedunderstandingoftheprocessesshapingtheassemblyoftropicaltreecommunitiesiscrucialforgaininginsightsintotheevolutionofforestcommunitiesandbiologicaldiversity.Theclimateisthoughttobethefirstorderdeterminantofabundanceanddistributionpatternsoftreespecieswithcontrastingtraitssuchasevergreenanddeciduousleafphenology.However,therelativeroleofneutral,andniche-basedprocessesintheevolutionofthesepatternsremainpoorlyunderstood.Methods:Here,weperformanintegratedanalysisofthedataontreespeciesabundance,functionaltraitsandcommunityphylogenyfromanetworkof96forestplots,each1hainsize,distributedalongabroadenvironmentalgradientinthecentralWesternGhats,India.Then,wedeterminetherelativeimportanceofvariousprocessinassemblyandstructuringoftropicalforestcommunitieswithevergreenanddeciduousleafphenology.Results:Thedeciduousleafphenologicaltraithasrepeatedlyevolvedamongmultipledistantlyrelatedlineages.Treecommunitiesindrydeciduousforestswerephylogeneticallyclusteredandshowedalowrangeandvarianceof.functionaltraitsrelatedtolightharvesting,reproduction,andgrowthsuggestingniche-basedprocessessuchasenvironmentalfilteringplayavitalroleintheassemblyoftreecommunitiesintheseforests.Theexternalfactorssuchashuman-mediateddisturbancealsosignificantly,buttoalesserextent,influencesthespeciesandphylogeneticturnover.Conclusions:ThesefindingsrevealedthattheenvironmentalfilteringplaysasignificantroleinassemblyoftreecommunitiesinthebiologicallydiversetropicalforestsintheWesternGhatsbiodiversityhotspot.