简介:Thl-responseplaysacrucialroleindeterminingpathogenesisoforgan-specificautoimmunediseases.ItisbelievedthatbothIL-12andINF-αareinitiatorstoregulateTh1-response.Inourexperimentalautoimmuneuveitis(EAU)model,bothLewisandFischer344ratssharethesameMHCclassⅡImolecules,whileLewisratisEAUsusceptibleandFischer344ratisEAUresistant.However,underthesameconditionofimmunization,ifpertussistoxin(PTX)wasinjectedintraperitoneallyasanadditionaladjuvant,Fischer344ratcandevelopEAU.InthisstudyweinvestigatewhichmechanismsareinvolvedintheinductionofEAUinCFA+R16+PTX-treated(CRP-treated)Fischer344rats.InvivoandinvitrodatademonstratedthatThl-cytokine,IFN-γmRNAexpressionwassignificantlyincreasedindiseasetargettissue-eyesandindraininglymphnodecellsofCRP-treatedFischer344rat.WhenIL-12andIFN-αmRNAexpressionwerecomparedintheexperimentalgroups,onlyIFN-αmRNAexpressionwasassociatedwithEAUdevelopment.TodistinguishthesourcesofIFN-αproducingcells,itwasobservedthatIFN-αexpressionwasmainlyproducedbymacrophages.ItwasfurtherconfirmedthatnormalmacrophagefromFischer344ratwasabletoproducesignificantIFN-αinthepresenceofPTX.ThedatastronglysuggestedthatIFN-αmightbeinvolvedininitiatingThl-celldifferentiationandinturncontributetotheinductionofEAU.HighIFN-αexpressioninducedbyPTXmayrepresentanovelpathwaytoinitiateThlresponseinFischer344rat.
简介:2016年欧洲泌尿外科学会(EuropeanAssociationofUrology,EAU)年会于3月11日至15日在德国慕尼黑召开,2016年美国泌尿外科学会(AmericanUrologicalAssociation,AUA)年会于5月6日至10日在美国圣地亚哥召开。回顾这两次泌尿外科领域的大会,微创泌尿外科作为会议的热点议题,其研究重点主要集中于机器人手术、腹腔镜手术、经皮肾镜碎石取石术和输尿管镜,以及前列腺增生的新型微创治疗等方面。本文将以此为基础对微创泌尿外科的技术进展进行探讨,为广大同行提供参考。
简介:第29届欧洲泌尿外科学会(EAU)年会将于2014年4月11日~4月15日在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩召开。届时将有如机器人根治性膀胱切除术及体内回肠膀胱术(Roboticcystectomywithintracorporealileaneobbladder)、机器人根治性前列腺切除术(Roboticprostatectomy)、机器人肾部分切除术(Roboticpartialnephrectomy)及3D腹腔镜肾部分切除术(laparoscopicpartialnephrectomywith3D-HDtechnology)等手术