简介：BacterialwiltcausedbyPseudomonassolanacearum,isaveryseriousdiseaseofEucalyptusinsouthernChina,mainlyinGuangdong,HainanandGuangxiprovinces.Itcausesthedeathofseedlingsandyoungtreesandthemortalitymayexceed90percentinsomesites.SusceptiblespeciesincludeE.grandis,E.urophylla,hybridsbetweenthetwoandE.citriodora.InnurseryandfieldtrialswithE.urophyllaandfieldtrialwithE.grandisxE.urophyllainoculationofectomycorrhizalfungiwasfoundtored...

简介：Wood-inhabitingfungifromChengzishanandBinglashanForestParkofTieling,LiaoningProvince,wereinvestigated,and70species,belongingto9familiesinBasidiomycota,werefound.Thirteenspecies,includingFomitiporiapunctata,Funaliatrogii,Ganodermalipsiense,Inonotushispidus,Inonotusradiatus,Inonotuspruinosus,PhyUoporiaribis,Daedaleopsisconfragosa,Oxyporuspopulinus,Pholiotasquarrosa,SchizophyUumcommone,SpongipeUisspumeus,Trametessuaveolensarepathogensoflivingtreesinthestudyarea.Alistofallspecies,includinghost(s)ofeachspecies,isgiven,andmostofthespeciesarereportedforthefirsttimeintheprovince.Themajorelementsofwood-inhabitingfungiinnorthernLiaoningarethespecieswhicharewidelydistributedintemperateforests.AlmostnovirginforestswerefoundinLiaoning,therefore,themajorpartofthespeciesisthecommonwood-inhabitingfungi,andonlyafewramspecieswerefoundinthestudyarea.

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简介：在高地条件下面的米饭的Mycorrhizal地位用potted幼苗被学习。根殖民在旧米饭种的7～70天的一个年龄系列上在17.35%和37.18%之间改变了的arbuscularmycorrhizal真菌(AMF)的百分比。AMF根殖民被增加直到3542天，根殖民稳定地在以外衰退了。泡在二个星期以后出现了并且在第35天到达了他们的最大的紧张。arbuscules在第42天(2.93%)晚被形成并且稍微变化了直到第70天(3.03%)。而过磷酸钙处理不在植物生长上标记影响，脲申请的更高的剂量压制了植物生长。通常，这些农业化肥的申请在米饭植物在AMF的菌丝的殖民上登记了更少的影响，而arbuscular殖民被化肥的更高的剂量不利地影响。由于全身的杀真菌剂，carbendazim和thiophanate甲基的申请在植物生长和他们的AMF殖民有显著减少。杀真菌剂的单个水花的申请在多重水花上是不太有害的。

简介：这研究被设计从A孤立endophytic真菌。mongholicus(在东北中国成长)决定他们是否能生产bioactive代谢物。endophytic真菌的四紧张(拉紧16，17，23和75)成功地从A被孤立。用表面消毒方法的mongholicus。根据ITS-rDNA序列分析，拉紧16和75作为镰刀霉oxysporum被识别，并且拉紧17和23作为Bionectriaochroleuca被识别。我们使用了Box-Behnken设计(BBD)优化液体发酵条件并且获得最大的房间干燥重量(CDW)产量。最佳的参数在下列试验性的条件下面被获得：第28i的温度口香糖的年龄。与那，新鲜口香糖增加了拍的成功。第二，本地人比较喜欢在温暖的季节期间拍，吗我们由决定Xac生长在30略潤潭慮?楤業畮慴?是最好的验证了哪个?桓杩汥慬????????????????????????楦浲獵??‰???堠湡桴浯湯獡？？

简介：Thebiodiversityofarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi(AMF)wassurveyedintheKolmregionofIraninthreeadjacentsites,anaturalstand,a10-year-oldanda15-yearoldplantationofAmygdalusscoparia.Todate,therehavebeenfewstudiesofAMFbiodiversityinIran,especiallyinthewesternforestsofthecountry.Forthisstudy,soilandrootsamplesweretakenfromA.scopariarhizospheresoilinspringandautumn.AlmosthalfoftherootlengthwascolonizedbyAMF.Weidentified13AMFspeciesbelongingtoGlomeraceae,ClaroideoglomeraceaeorDiversisporaceae.Thethreeplantationsdifferedintermsofsoilelectricalconductivity,organicCandP.SporedensitywassignificantcorrelatedwithPconcentration.RootlengthcolonizationwascorrelatedonlywithsoilCa.SpeciesdiversityandrichnessweresignificantlycorrelatedwithsoilN,P,organicCandsporedensity.AMFdiversityin15-year-oldplantationswasmoresimilartothatinthenaturalstandthaninthe10-year-oldplantation.Weconfirmedthata15-year-oldplantationisnotsimilarintermsofAMFcolonizationtonaturalstands.Weconcludethatmorethan15yearsarerequiredforAMFcolonizationofplantationstoresemblethatofnaturalstands.

简介：我们检验了在巴西半干旱的区域的三大西洋福雷斯特残余与Vismiaguianensis叶垃圾联系的mycobiota。在学习地点之中，二残余是保护的森林储备，而第三被主要人为的活动影响。十八件崽样品被收集在湿并且旱季并且被粒子过滤处理技术。一个总数4750真菌142孤立taxa被识别。种类丰富在在湿季节期间收集的崽样品是更高的。Nonmetric多维的可伸缩multivariate分析在采样地点和季节之中在真菌的社区的作文显示出差别。类似的分析证明差别是统计上重要的(R?=?0.85；P?=?0.0001)。我们的调查结果揭示了那空间、时间的异质，并且人的活动在V的saprobic真菌上有重要影响。guianensis叶垃圾。

简介：N利用和氨基酸的生合成上的碳(C)和氮(N)来源的效果在arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)的发芽孢子被检验在到各种各样的N底层，CO2，葡萄糖，或根流出物的暴露以后的真菌血管球intraradicesSchenck与史密斯。N举起和氨基酸的denovo生合成用与集体度谱的察觉的稳定的同位素的标记被分析。高效的液体基于层析的分析被用来测量氨基酸层次。当外长的N来源不在时并且面对25mLL1CO2，发芽AM真菌的孢子利用了从存储类脂化合物的降级导出到biosynthesize的内部N存储以及C骨骼免费氨基酸，丝氨酸和glycine主要在被生产。内部氨基酸的集中作为时间从0～1或2个星期增加了的萌芽逐渐地增加了。然而，天门冬素和夫酸安衰退了到底层；两个降级了向另外的氨基酸的生合成提供C和N施主。外长的无机的N(铵和硝酸盐)和到用仅仅为萌芽的CO2的AM真菌的孢子的器官的N(脲，精氨酸，和夫酸安)的可获得性当外长的N不在时比那些产生了更内部的免费氨基酸超过5次。没有外长的N，到有仅仅CO2的AM真菌的孢子的外长的硝酸盐的供应比那产生了更多的天门冬素超过10次。相反，到AM真菌的孢子的外长的葡萄糖的额外的供应更在外长的N来源的举起产生了重要改进，与超过3次免费氨基酸比与仅仅外长的CO2供应的那些正在被生产。同时，精氨酸是生产的最丰富的免费氨基酸，用作N存储混合物被合并到AM真菌的孢子的蛋白质。

简介：Dendroctonusfungussymbioses经常被看作理想的模型系统学习ectosymbioses，和多样的相互作用的发展和维护，包括对抗，共食生活和互助论，在这些有机体之间被记录了。红松节油甲壳虫，DendroctonusvalensLeConte(翘目：Curculionidae：Scolytinae)是在北中国的杀死松的侵略甲壳虫。真菌种类Ophiostoma减，Leptographiumsinoprocerum，L。terebrantis和L。procerum与这被联系吠叫甲壳虫。在D之间的对抗相互作用。valens和它的联系真菌，例如O。减并且L。sinoprocerum，被表明了，但是这现象的内在的原因是未知的。这里，我们首先发现二测试真菌种延迟D的净重获得。在完成在他们的媒介上的3天的喂以后的valens幼虫。而且，我们提供在D的免疫能力上显示联系真菌的效果的直接证据。valens幼虫将解释记录对抗。我们的结果证明在D的phenoloxidase和全部的phenoloxidase的活动。valens幼虫是显著地，在二的upregulated联系真菌拉紧，O。减并且L。sinoprocerum同样与控制相比。phenoloxidase比率在在与O接种的媒介上为3喂了天的幼虫显著地增加了。减。因为昆虫免疫者防卫是昂贵的被部署，这些结果能作为记录对抗的内在的机制之一被探索。

简介：Apotexperimentwascarriedouttostudytheeffectsofthreearbuscularmycorrhizalfungi(AMF),includingGlomusintraradices,GlomusconstrictumandGlomusmosseae,onthegrowth,rootcolonizationandCdaccumulationofmarigold(TageteserectaL.)atCdadditionlevelsof0,5and50mgkg-1insoil.Thephysiologicalcharacteristics,suchaschlorophyllcontent,solublesugarcontent,solubleproteincontentandantioxidantenzymeactivity,ofTageteserectaL.werealsoinvestigated.ThesymbioticrelationshipbetweenthemarigoldplantandarbuscularmycorrhizalfungiwaswellestablishedunderCdstress.ThesymbioticrelationshipwasreffectedbythebetterphysiobiochemicalparametersofthemarigoldplantsinoculatedwiththethreeAMFisolateswherethecolonizationratesintherootswerebetween34.3%and88.8%.Comparedwiththenon-inoculatedmarigoldplants,theshootandrootbiomassoftheinoculatedmarigoldplantsincreasedby15.2%-47.5%and47.8%-130.1%,respectively,andtheCdconcentrationandaccumulationdecreased.ThechlorophyllandsolublesugarcontentsinthemycorrhizalmarigoldplantsincreasedwithCdaddition,indicatingthatAMFinoculationhelpedthemarigoldplantstogrowbyresistingCdstress.TheantioxidantenzymesreacteddifferentlywiththethreeAMFunderCdstress.ForplantsinoculatedwithG.constrictumandG.mosseae,theactivitiesofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)andcatalase(CAT)increasedwithincreasingCdaddition,butperoxidase(POD)activitydecreasedwithincreasingCdaddition.ForplantsinoculatedwithG.intraradices,threeoftheantioxidantenzymeactivitiesweresignificantlydecreasedathighlevelsofCdaddition.Overall,theactivitiesofthethreeantioxidantenzymesintheplantsinoculatedwithAMFwerehigherthanthoseoftheplantswithoutAMFinoculationunderCdstress.Ourresultssupporttheviewthatantioxidantenzymeshaveagreatinfluenceonthebiomassofplants,andAMFcanimprovethecapabilityofreactiveoxygenspecie

简介：Thecharacteristicsofarbuscularmycorrhizalfungal(AMF)communitystructureinvarioussoildepthsandgrowingseasonsofwatermelon(Citrullusvulgaris)grownincommercialgreenhousesinDaxingofBeijingandWeifangandLaiyangofShandong,Chinawereinvestigatedusingbothmorphologicalidentificationanddenaturinggradientgelelectrophoresis.Thesampledsoilshadbeenusedforcontinuousgreenhouseproductionofwatermelonfor0,5,10,15,or20years.Glomusclaroideumwasthedominantspeciesinthegreenhousesoilsplantedfor5,10,and15yearsinLaiyang,whileGlomusmosseaeandGlomusetunicatumweredominantinthenearbyopenfarmlandsoil.Sorenson'ssimilarityindexofAMFcommunitycompositionrangedfrom0.67to0.84inthesoilsplantedfor5years,andfrom0.29to0.33for20yearsamongthethreelocations.Sporeabundance,speciesrichness,andtheShannonindexwerehighestnearthesoilsurface(0-10cm)anddecreasedwithsoildepth,andhigherinJuneandOctoberthaninAugustandDecember.CanonicalcorrespondenceanalysisshowedthatavailablePandthenumberofyearsthatsoilhadbeenusedforgreenhouseproductionwerethemainfactorscontributingtothevarianceofAMFcommunitycomposition.ItwasconcludedthatthecommunitystructureofAMFwasmainlyinfluencedbysoilavailablePandplantingtimeofwatermelonaswellasbysoildepthandseasonalvariationinthecommercialgreenhouse.

简介：一个总数3611真菌孤立从在季风，冬季和夏天期间从7药用的植物孵化的4200个叶片断被恢复季节。这些真菌孤立属于teleomorphicAscomycota(23.5%)，生产conidiomata(17.4%)的歪像的Ascomycota，没有conidiomata(46.9%)的歪像的Ascomycota，Zygomycota(1.42%)和无菌的形式(10.6%)。Chaetomiumglobosum，曲霉属菌尼日尔，Aureobasidiumpullulans，Curvularialunata，镰刀霉spp，毛丛spp，Pestalotiopsisspp，Trichodermaviridae，Cladosporiumcladosporioides，经常从超过一主人植物被孤立。endophytic的数字孤立比在季风和夏天季节在冬季是更高的。

简介：忍冬confusa，为治疗感冒的繁体中文药植物，流感，等等，急性发烧经常在酸的土壤人工地被种并且受不了磷(P)缺乏。一个五年的地实验被执行学习殖民率，生长，营养，和与arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)接种的忍冬confusa幼苗满意的chlorogenic酸真菌，血管球etunicatum和血管球intraradices。在移植进一个领域前，接种AM并且uninoculated控制植物在托儿所床上是有教养的。在与AM真菌接种的植物，殖民率与时间线性地减少了，更大的减少在与G接种的植物被观察。intraradices比与G。etunicatum，当AM殖民在uninoculated从0%～12.1%增加了时，控制在移植以后种5年。植物高度，王冠直径，新分支的数字，和花产量作为与uninoculated控制相比由AM接种显著地增加了。在增加的叶子和花的磷集中，和营养素的植物举起，例如，氮(N)，P，和钾(K)，被AM也显著地提高接种。忍冬confusa幼苗有更好的回答到G的接种。intraradices比G。在生长的etunicatum和在花的chlorogenic酸内容。相反，两个都在叶子和花种P举起和P集中在二真菌的接种之间是类似的。到在生长，滋养的举起，flowering，和在花的chlorogenic酸内容的AM接种的忍冬confusa的积极回答建议当在酸、P缺乏的土壤上成长时，在托儿所床上的那AM接种能在忍冬confusa的花支持植物生长和增加chlorogenic酸内容。

简介：Arbuscularmycorrhizafungi(AMF)arevitalintheregenerationofvegetationindisturbedecosystemsduetotheirnumerousecologicaladvantagesandthereforearegoodindicatorsofsoilandecosystemhealthatlarge.Thisstudywasaimedatdetermininghowtheseasonal,vegetationcoverdensity,edaphicandanthropogenicfactorsaffectAMFrootcolonization(RC)andsporedensity(SD)inDesa’adryAfromontaneforest.AMFRCandSDintherhizosphereoffivedominantwoodyspecies,Juniperusprocera,Oleaeuropaea,Maytenusarbutifolia,CarissaspinarumandDodonaeaangustifoliagrowinginDesa’aforestwerestudiedduringtherainyandthedryseasonsinthreepermanentstudyvegetationcoverdensityplots(dense,medium,andpoor).Eachplot(160×40m2)hastwomanagementpractices(fencedandunfencedplots)ofarea.A100gsampleofrhizospheresoilfrommoisturefreecompositesoilwasusedtodeterminesporedensity.Sporedensityrangedfrom50to4467spores/100gsoil,andallspecieswerecolonizedbyAMFwithinarangeof4–95%.Glomuswasthedominantgenusintherhizosphereofallspecies.VegetationcoverdensitystronglyaffectedSDandRC.TheSDwassignificantlyhigher(p<0.05)inthepoorvegetationcoverdensitythanintheothertwoandlowestinthedensecover;rootcolonizationshowedthereversetrend.Managementpracticessignificantly(p<0.05)influencedAMFSDandRC,withthefencedplotsbeingmorefavoured.Seasonssignificantly(p<0.05)affectedRCandSD.MoreRCandSDwereobservedinthewetperiodthanthedryperiod.CorrelatingAMFSDandRCwithsoilphysicalandchemicalpropertiesshowednosignificantdifference(p>0.05)exceptfortotalnitrogen.Disturbance,vegetationcoverdensity,seasonandtotalnitrogenaresignificantfactorsthatcontrolthedynamicsandmanagementinterventionstomaintaintheforesthealthofdryAfromontaneforests.

简介：Endophyticfungiarewidelyfoundinalmostallkindsofplants.Manyendophyticfungicanproducesomephysiologicalactivecompounds,whicharesametooranalogtothoseisolatedfromtheirhosts.Producingphysiologicalactivecompoundsthroughmicrobialfermentationcangiveanewwaytoresolveresourcelimitationandtofindoutalternativesource.Throughthemethodsoforganicsolventextraction,thinlayerchromatography(TLC)andcolumnchromatography,compoundIwasisolated,purifiedfromtheliquidfermentationmetabolitesofthetaxoids-producedendophyticfungi(Alternaria.alternatavar.taxi1011Y.XiangetLUAn-guo)thatwasscreenedfromthebarkofTaxus.cuspidataSieb.etZucc..CompoundIwasidentifiedasonekindoftaxoidstypeIII,basedontheanalyzingresultsbyusingthemethodsofultravioletspectroscopy(UV),infraredspectroscopy(IR),massspectrometry(MS)andnuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy(NMR).Thisstudyprovidesacompletedmethodforseparationandpurificationoftheendophyticfungiaswellasstructureidentificationofitsfermentationmetabolite