简介：AbstractBackground:A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, animals and the environment. However, the dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. This study proposes the development of a potential evaluation tool for One Health performance, in order to contribute to the scientific measurement of One Health approach and the identification of gaps where One Health capacity building is most urgently needed.Methods:We describe five steps towards a global One Health index (GOHI), including (i) framework formulation; (ii) indicator selection; (iii) database building; (iv) weight determination; and (v) GOHI scores calculation. A cell-like framework for GOHI is proposed, which comprises an external drivers index (EDI), an intrinsic drivers index (IDI) and a core drivers index (CDI). We construct the indicator scheme for GOHI based on this framework after multiple rounds of panel discussions with our expert advisory committee. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to determine the weights for each of the indicators.Results:The weighted indicator scheme of GOHI comprises three first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators. According to the pilot analysis based on the data from more than 200 countries/territories the GOHI scores overall are far from ideal (the highest score of 65.0 out of a maximum score of 100), and we found considerable variations among different countries/territories (31.8-65.0). The results from the pilot analysis are consistent with the results from a literature review, which suggests that a GOHI as a potential tool for the assessment of One Health performance might be feasible.Conclusions:GOHI—subject to rigorous validation—would represent the world’s first evaluation tool that constructs the conceptual framework from a holistic perspective of One Health. Future application of GOHI might promote a common understanding of a strong One Health approach and provide reference for promoting effective measures to strengthen One Health capacity building. With further adaptations under various scenarios, GOHI, along with its technical protocols and databases, will be updated regularly to address current technical limitations, and capture new knowledge.

简介：Abundanttestdataarerequiredinassessmentofweaponperformance.Whenweapontestdataareinsufficient,Bayesiananalysesinsmallsamplecircumstanceshouldbeconsideredandthetestdatashouldbeprovidedbysimulations.TheseveralBayesianapproachesarediscussedandsomelimitationsarefounded.AnimprovementisputforwardafterlimitationsofBayesianapproachesavailableareanalyzedandtheimprovedapproachisappliedtoassessmentofsomenewweaponperformance.

简介：Intenseresearchandrefinementofthetoolsusedinperformance-basedseismicengineeringhavebeenmade,butthematurityandaccuracyofthesemethodshavenotbeenadequatelyconfirmedwithactualdatafromthefield.Thegapbetweentheassumedcharacteristicsofactualbuildingsystemsandtheiridealizedcounterpartsusedforanalysisiswide.Whentherandomlydistributedflawsinbuildingsastheyexistinurbanareasandtheextremevariabilityofgroundmotionpatternscombine,theconventionalproceduresusedforpushoverordynamicresponsehistoryanalysesseemtofallshortofreconcilingthedifferencesbetweencalculatedandobserveddamage.Foremergencyplanningandlossmodelingpurposes,suchdiscrepanciesarefactorsthatmustbeborneinmind.Tworelevantexamplesareprovidedherein.Theseexamplesdemonstratethatconsensus-basedanalyticalguidelinesalsorequirewell-idealizedbuildingmodelsthatdonotlendthemselvestoreasonablymanageablerepresentationsfromfielddata.Asacorollary,lossmodelingtechniques,e.g.,usedforinsurancepurposes,mustundergofurtherdevelopmentandimprovement.

简介：Thelastdecadeorsohasseenthedevelopmentofrefinedperformance-basedearthquakeengineering(PBEE)approachesthatnowprovideaframeworkforestimationofarangeofimportantdecisionvariables,suchasrepaircosts,repairtimeandnumberofcasualties.ThispaperreviewscurrenttoolsforPBEE,includingthePACTsoftware,andexaminesthepossibilityofextendingtheinnovativedisplacement-basedassessmentapproachasasimplifiedstructuralanalysisoptionforperformanceassessment.Detailsofthedisplacement-baseds+eismicassessmentmethodarereviewedandasimplemeansofquicklyassessingmultiplehazardlevelsisproposed.Furthermore,proposalsforasimpledefinitionofcollapsefragilityandrelationsbetweenequivalentsingle-degree-of-freedomcharacteristicsandmulti-degree-of-freedomstorydriftandflooraccelerationdemandsarediscussed,highlightingneedsforfutureresearch.Toillustratethepotentialofthemethodology,performancemeasuresobtainedfromthesimplifiedmethodarecomparedwiththosecomputedusingtheresultsofincrementaldynamicanalyseswithinthePEERperformance-basedearthquakeengineeringframework,appliedtoabenchmarkbuilding.Thecomparisonillustratesthatthesimplifiedmethodcouldbeaveryeffectiveconceptualseismicdesigntool.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthesimplifiedapproacharediscussedandpotentialimplicationsofadvancedseismicperformanceassessmentsforconceptualseismicdesignarehighlightedthroughexaminationofdifferentcasestudyscenariosincludingdifferentstructuralconfigurations.

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简介：Thehighresolutionradartargetdetectionisaddressedinthenon-Gaussianclutter.Anadaptivedetectorisderivedforrange-spreadtargetbasedonanovelcovariancematrixestimator.Itisprovedthatthenewdetectorisconstantfalsealarmrate(CFAR)tobothofthecluttercovariancematrixstructureandpowerleveltheoreticallyformatchcases.ThesimulationresultsshowthatthenewdetectorisalmostCFARformismatchcases,anditoutperformstheexistingadaptivedetectorbasedonthesamplecovariancematrix.Italsoshowsthatthedetectionperformanceimproves,asthenumberofpulses,thenumberofsecondarydataortheclutterspikeincreases.Inaddition,thederiveddetectorisrobusttodifferentsubsets,estimatedcluttergroupsizesandcorrelationsofclutter.Importantly,thenumberofiterationsforpracticalapplicationisjustone.

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简介：Fuelcellsandelectrolysisarepromisingcandidatesforfutureenergyproductionfromrenewableenergysources.Usually,polymerelectrolytefuelcellsystemsrunonhydrogenandair,whilethemostofelectrolysissystemsventoutoxygenasunusedby-product.Replacingairwithpureoxygen,fuelcellelectrochemicalperformance,durabilityandsystemefficiencycanbesignificantlyincreasedwithafurtheroverallsystemsimplificationandincreasedreliability.Thiswork,whichrepresentstheinitialstepforpureH2/O2polymerelectrolytefuelcelloperationinclosed-loopsystems,focusesonperformancevalidationofasinglecelloperatingwithpureH2/O2underdifferentrelativehumidity（RH）levels,reactantsstoichiometryconditionsandtemperature.Asaresultofthisstudy,themostconvenientandappropriateoperativeconditionsforapolymerelectrolytefuelcellstackintegratedinaclosedloopsystemwereselected.

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简介：AbstractThe Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has been changing for nearly 20 years. GOLD has moved from single assessment using spirometry to a more comprehensive assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using spirometry, symptoms and exacerbation history. And subsequently, a new assessment system for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease separated spirometric grades from the old assessment system, and classified patients only according to their symptoms and history of exacerbation. The distribution, clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of the new subgroups were different from the old ones. In this review, we will present a brief profile of changes made to the disease assessment method of GOLD, based on the relevant existing literature.

简介：TheprimarygoalofthedemonstrationprojectendorsedbytheScientificandTechnicalCommitteeforIDNDRin1992istoensurethatnationalagenciesareabletoassessseismichazardinaregionallycoordinatedfashionbyusingadvancedmethods.China,asaRegionalCenterofCentralSouthernAsia,hascontactedwithcountriesoftheregiontorealisticallypracticeseismichazardassessmentsofContinentalAsia.AtestarealocatedinthecollisionboundarybetweentheIndianandEurasianplateswaschosentoexaminetheseismichazardassessmentapproachintheregionalcoordinates.TheseismotectonicsandthreeversionsofseismicsourcesofthetestareaaredescribedinthispaperandundertheGlobalSeismicHazardAssessmentProgram(GSHAP),guidelinesanearthquakecatalogueofthetestareawasassembled.Becauseoftheincompletenessofearthquakedataindifferentcountries,weadoptdifferenttimewindowsfordifferentmagnitudeintervalsinordertoobtaintheseismicityparametersofsources.Byu

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简介：Shipcollisionaccidentsarerareeventsbutposehugethreattohumanlives,assets,andtheenvironment.Manyresearchershavesoughtforeffectivemodelsthatcomputeshipstochasticresponseduringcollisionsbyconsideringthevariabilityofshipcollisionscenarioparameters.However,theexistingmodelswerelimitedbythecapabilityofthecollisioncomputationalmodelsanddidnotcompletelycapturecollisionscenario,andmaterialandgeometricuncertainties.Inthispaper,anovelframeworktoperformancecharacterisationofshipsincollisioninvolvingavarietyofstrikingshipsisdeveloped,bycharacterisingthestructuralconsequenceswithefficientresponsemodels.Adouble-hulloilcarrierischosenasthestruckshiptodemonstratetheapplicabilityoftheproposedframework.Responsesurfacetechniquesareemployedtogeneratethemostprobableinputdesignsetswhichareusedtosampleanautomatedfiniteelementtooltocomputethechosenstructuralconsequences.Theresultingpredictor-responserelationshipsarefittedwithsuitablesurrogatemodelstoprobabilisticallycharacterisethestruckshipdamageundercollisions.Asdemonstratedinthispaper,suchmodelsareextremelyusefultoreducethecomputationalcomplexityinobtainingprobabilisticdesignmeasuresforshipstructures.Theproposedprobabilisticapproachisalsocombinedwithavailablecollisionfrequencymodelsfromliteraturetodemonstratetherisktolerancecomputations.

简介：扩大堆积柄在一个稠密的沙的地点上成立了的一条大直径的地震行为在这份报纸被调查。首先，确定的分析包括非线性的动态分析(NDA)和闲差事分析被进行获得卓见进堆积的行为并且保证一种适当建模技术被利用。然后，概率的分析用各种各样的要求的NDA的结果被执行。到这个目的，一套40个像脉搏的地面运动被拣并且随后40非线性动态并且闲差事分析被执行。从NDA获得的数据被用来产生概率的地震需求模型(PSDM)阴谋并且因而，为每个阴谋的中部的行和分散被计算。NDA和闲差事数据也对对方被阴谋发现到到什么程度，他们被相关。这些操作为各种各样的工程需求参数(电子数据处理)被做。敏感分析被做拣将从7不同IM在PSDM阴谋引起最小的分散的最适当的紧张措施(IM)。山峰地面加速(针网阵列)被发现是最适当的IM。能被用于闲差事分析数据关于NDA产出更好的结果的针网阵列的一个函数被建议的闲差事系数方程。在结束，和平的地震工程研究(同伴)中心方法论被利用用从PSDM阴谋并且就损坏从未成年者到的各种各样的状态而言获得的性质产生脆弱曲线严重。扩大堆积柄与严重损坏相比关于次要的损坏与更高的可能性显示出更多的危险。

简介：Methodsfordeterminingnienelowmolecular-weightoragnicacidsinrootexudatesweredevelopedbyusingreversed-phasehighperformanceliquiedchromatographywithUV(ultraviolet)detectionat214nm.Themobilephasewas18mmolL^-1kH2PO4adjustedtopH2.25withphosporicacidndtheflowratewas0.3mLmin^-1,Theanalyticalcolumnwasareversed-phasesilicabasedC-18column(shim-packCLC-ODS).Therootexudateswerecollectedthroughsubmergingthewholerootsystemintoaerateddeionizedwaterfor2hours,Thefilteredexudatesolutionswereconcentratedtodrynessbyrotaryevaporationat40℃,dissolvedin10mLmobilephase.Thechromatoraphicconditionsoforganicaciddeterminationwereanalyzed.Theresultsshowedthattherewasahighselectivityandsensitivityintheorganicaciddeterminationbyreversed-phasehighperformanceliquidchromatography.Coefficientsofvariationfororganicacieddeterminationwerelowerthan10%exceptlacticacid.Therecoverieswereconsistentlybetween80.1%to108.3%.Detectionlimitswereapproximately0.05to4.5mgL^-1fororganicacidsexceptsuccinicacidwiththedetectionlimitof7.0mgL^-1.Phosphorusdeficiencymaycontributetothereleaseoforganicacidsinsoybeanrootexudatesespeciallymalic,lacticandcitricacids.

简介：Mostpublishedstudiesoninelasticearthquakeresponseofnon-symmetricbuildingsarebasedonsimplifiedinelastic,highlyidealizedmodels,whilegeneralconclusionsregardingtheinelastictorsionalresponseofmultistorybuildingarestilllacking.Thispaperaimstoprovideausefulcontributioninthestudyofthetorsionalresponseofrealirregularbuildings.Tothisaim,themanuscriptreportsthecomprehensivestudyontheseismicvulnerabilityofanirregularRCbuilding:thehospitalbuildingofAvezzano(L’AquilaItaly).Forthismulti-storybuilding,whichisirregularinbothplanandelevation,theapplicationofnonlinearstaticevaluationproceduresisbynomeansstraightforward.Thestudyproposesanonlinearstaticprocedurebasedonpushoveranalysisunderthemultimodaldistributionoflateralloadsandacapacityspectrummethod.Thispushoverprocedureaccountsformassdistribution,highermodescontributionandmode-shapescorrelation.Furthermore,duetoitsnon-iterativefeature,itavoidsproblemsofnon-convergenceandmultiplesolutionsoftheconventionalcapacityspectrummethod.Appliedtoarealcasestudy,theprocedureisusedtoinvestigate,ina3Dplanirregularbuilding,thesensitivityoftorsionalinelasticresponsetolateralforcedistribution,highermodescontribution,accidentaleccentricityandcontrolledpointformonitoringthetargetdisplacement.

简介：AbstractBackground:Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in China with substantial morbidity and mortality. But no specific risk assessment model has been well validated in patients with HAP. The aim of this study was to investigate the published risk assessment models that could potentially be used to predict 30-day mortality in HAP patients in non-surgical departments.Methods:This study was a single-center, retrospective study. In total, 223 patients diagnosed with HAP from 2012 to 2017 were included in this study. Clinical and laboratory data during the initial 24 hours after HAP diagnosis were collected to calculate the pneumonia severity index (PSI); consciousness, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥65 years (CURB-65); Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II); Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA); and Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scores. The discriminatory power was tested by constructing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated.Results:The all-cause 30-day mortality rate was 18.4% (41/223). The PSI, CURB-65, SOFA, APACHE II, and qSOFA scores were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (all P < 0.001). The discriminatory abilities of the APACHE II and SOFA scores were better than those of the CURB-65 and qSOFA scores (ROC AUC: APACHE II vs. CURB-65, 0.863 vs. 0.744, Z = 3.055, P= 0.002; APACHE II vs. qSOFA, 0.863 vs. 0.767, Z= 3.017, P= 0.003; SOFA vs. CURB-65, 0.856 vs. 0.744, Z= 2.589, P = 0.010; SOFA vs. qSOFA, 0.856 vs. 0.767, Z = 2.170, P = 0.030). The cut-off values we defined for the SOFA, APACHE II, and qSOFA scores were 4, 14, and 1.Conclusions:These results suggest that the APACHE II and SOFA scores determined during the initial 24 h after HAP diagnosis may be useful for the prediction of 30-day mortality in HAP patients in non-surgical departments. The qSOFA score may be a simple tool that can be used to quickly identify severe infections.

简介：AbstractBackground:Pancreatitis patients are at an increased risk of malnutrition due to impaired digestion, absorption, and metabolism. The degree of malnutrition is dependent on the duration, viz. acute or chronic. Studies on nutritional status in patients with pancreatitis are limited. Prevalence of nutritional status, physical functioning, and muscle strength among the subjects are scarce globally. The main aim of this study was to screen the status of malnutrition using appropriate screening tools and to assess hand muscle strength among subjects.Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 subjects (18–80 years old, 59 males and 5 females) in Mysore city, Karnataka. The patients were screened for malnutrition using a standard tool Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and handgrip strength on both dominant and nondominant hands.Results:The majority of patients (n = 44) were categorized as moderately malnourished/suspected malnutrition (Stage B) according to PG-SGA. A significant difference (p < 0.005) in handgrip strength was seen in men aged 31–40 (t = −3.287) and 41–50 (t = −5.487) years compared to healthy adults.Conclusion:This study was able to identify patients at risk of malnutrition when the PG-SGA tool was used along with handgrip strength and other anthropometric parameters.