简介：AbstractBackground:Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique has not been used as a diagnostic tool for diabetes in clinical practice. This study was linked to structural changes in hemoglobin (Hb) in type 2 diabetes patients at higher levels of HbA1C using FTIR spectroscopy.Methods:Fifty-three diabetic patients from the Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan were categorized as group A (6% < HbA1C < 7%; n = 25) and group B (HbA1C ≥9%; n = 28). Another group (group N) of twenty blood samples was taken from healthy people from the Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Data from all groups were collected from January 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019. The structure of Hb was studied by FTIR spectroscopy and impact of glucose on the fine structure of HbA1C was estimated.Results:Hb secondary structure erythrocyte parameters were altered by changing glucose concentrations. From FTIR spectra of all three groups it was found that Hb structure was slightly altered in group A, but significantly changed in group B (P < 0.05). There was an increase in β-sheet structure and a reduction in α-helix structure at elevated levels of HbA1C (group B) in type 2 diabetes.Conclusion:We suggest that higher level of glycation reflected by increased HbA1C might be a contributing factor to structural changes in Hb in type 2 diabetic patients. FTIR spectroscopy can be a novel technique to find pathogenesis in type 2 diabetes.

简介：Severalaspectsoftheapplicationofsilverelectrodetotheelectrochemicalstudiesofhemoglobinhavebeendiscussedinthispaper.Thesilverelectrodecouldnotonlybeuseddirectlyastheelectrodefortheelectrochemicalstudiesofhemoglobin,butalsoreactwithphenothiazineandbenzimidazoletogivestableandusefulmediator-coatedelectrodes.Inaddition,thesilverelectrodecouldhelpsodiumdodecylsulfatetogivefullplaytoitspromotingeffectontheprotein.

简介：Itiscommonlyseenthatpatientswithbonefractureoftencomplicateotherpartsofinjuriesthatpresentamoreurgentsituationthanfracturesandoftenneedtimelyrecognitionandmanagement.SinceDecember1998,wehavedetectedandanalyzedtheratioofwhitebloodcells(WBC)andhemoglobin(Hb)indiagnosisofcomplicatedinjuriesinpatientswithbonefractureandtrytoraiserescuerateandreducemisseddiagnosisrate.

简介：钴hexacyanoferrate(CoHCF)nanoparticle(尺寸ca。60nm)化学上修改的电极(CME)被制作，在这nanosizedCoHCFCME的血红素(Hb)的电气化学的行为被学习。与一个赤裸的玻璃质的碳电极(GCE)和以一种传统的方式的一般CoHCFCMEelectrodeposited比较，现在的nanosizedCoHCFCME高效地与相对高的敏感，稳定性，和longlife为Hb执行了electrocatalytic减小。与液体层析(LC)结合了，nanosizedCoHCFCME在确定的流动注射被用作Hb的电气化学的察觉者分析电气化学的决心(FIA-ECD)系统。山峰水流是在从2.5楳?景映牯業?捡摩映潲?慣'R湯搠潩楸敤愠摮栠摹潲敧?獵湩?的范围的集中的线性功能?楳楬慣椠浭扯汩穩摥爠瑵敨楮浵挠瑡污獹?獡瀠敲畣獲牯栠獡戠敥?瑳摵敩?湩搠晩敦敲瑮爠慥瑣潩?潣摮瑩潩獮?桔?敲?瑬?敲敶污摥琠慨?桴?佔?琨牵?癯牥映敲畱湥祣?景?佃?愠档敩敶????栠?漠?浩潭楢楬敺?畲桴湥畩?慣慴祬瑳渠慥?桴?牣瑩捩污瀠敲獳牵?潰湩?景??眠瑩??瀠敲獳牵?景???慐?敲捡楴湯琠浥数慲畴敲漠吗？？？？

简介：在低CTAB集中的血红素(Hb)的性质上的cetyltrimethylammonium溴化物(CTAB)的效果被紫外力的光谱，荧光，希腊语的第六个字母潜力，电导率和否定染色的传播电子显微镜(TEM)的方法在Hb/acyclovir/CTAB系统学习。随CTAB集中，在276nm的紫外山峰紧张，内在的荧光，Hb的希腊语的第六个字母潜力和系统的增加，电导率都被提高。Hb容易被氧化到oxyHb和hemichrome。在Hb/acyclovir/CTAB，Hb的系统，成为紫外力的光谱的CTAB，荧光，电导率和符合构造趋于原来的Hb被还给那些但是不那么做的希腊语的第六个字母潜力。Hb-acyclovir建筑群的紫外吸收山峰消失了，并且acyclovir引起的Hb的紧密的结构是refolded。当CTAB集中比5高时；

简介：BackgroundIncreasedlevelofglycatedhemoglobin(HbA1c)isassociatedwithhigherincidenceofcoronaryarterydisease(CAD)inthediabetics.However,therelationshipbetweenHbA1candtheriskofcoronaryarterystenosisinthenon-diabeticsiscontroversial.MethodsAretrospectiveresearchwasconductedon338enrolledparticipantswhohaveundergone2timesofcoronaryangiographicexaminationwithinthepastyear.Clinicalandlaboratoryvariablesattheinitialandthesecondtimeofadmissionwerecollected.AccordingtotheinitialmedianHbA1clevel,allparticipantsweredividedintotwogroupsnamedlowerandhighergroups.TherelationshipbetweenHbA1clevelandtheriskofcoronaryarterystenosisovertimewasevaluated.ResultsTheinitialvaluesofHbA1cinloweranduppergroupswere5.78±0.35%and6.21±0.32%(P<0.05).Ascomparedtothelowergroup,thepercentagesofmaleandsmokingparticipants,andtheserumlevelofCRPweresignificantlyhigherinthehighergroup(P<0.05).Othertraditionalriskfactorswerecomparablebetweenthetwogroups.Therewere54.2%and55.2%participantswithsinglevesselstenosis,and45.8%and44.8%withmultiplevesselstenoses,respectivelyinthetwogroupswithoutsignificantdifference.Thesecondtimeofadmission,were308.5±25.4days(lowergroup)and300.7±30.1days(highergroup)fromtheinitialadmission.AlthoughnosignificantchangesofHbA1clevelwereobservedwhencomparedtoinitial,HbA1clevelinthehighergroupwasstillsignificantlyhigherincomparisontothelowergroup(6.24±0.39%vs.5.80±0.36%,P=0.008).Thepercentageofnewcoronaryarterystenosis(≥50%stenosis)washigherinthehighergroupthanthatinthelowergroup(41.7%vs.32.3%,P<0.001).MultivariateregressionanalysessuggestedthatHbA1cremainedindependentfactorassociatedwithcoronaryarterystenosesafterextensiveadjustmentforriskfactors.ConclusionInthenondiabetics,increasedbaselineHbA1clevelportendstheriskofcorona

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简介：Objective:Todeterminetheroleofhemoglobin(HB)-inducedhemeoxygenase-1(HO-1)ininjuredlungscausedbylimbischemia-reperfusion(I/R)inrats.Methods:Aratmodelofischemiainthehindlimbswasmadebyclampingtheinfrarenalaortawithamicrovascularclip,andlunginjuryoccurredafterreperfusion.ToinducetheexpressionofHO-1inthelungs,Hbwasadministratedintraperitoneallyat16hoursbeforereperfusion.NorthernblottingandWesternblottingwereusedtodetecttheexpressionofHO-1inthelungs,andthecarboxyhemoglobin(COHb)levelinarterialbloodwasassayed.Theeffectofhemoglobin(Hb)ontheinjuredlungsafterlimbI/Rwasdeterminedbymeasuringthechangesoflunghistology,polymorphonuclear(PMN)count,malondialdehyde(MDA)contentandwet-to-dryweightratio(W/D).Zincprotoporphyrin(ZnPP),aninhibitorofHO,wasusedtodeterminewhetherHO-1wasinducedbyHbafterlunginjury.Results:HbledtoasignificantincreaseinHO-1mRNAandproteinexpressioninthelungs,accompaniedbytheincreaseofCOHblevelinarterialblood.Comparedwiththeshamcontrols,thelungPMNcount,MDAcontentandW/Dsignificantlyincreasedat4hoursafterlimbI/R,whichreversedbythepretreatmentwithHbat16hoursbeforereperfusion.ZnPPblockedthisprotectiveroleofHbintheinjuredlungs.Conclusions:HbcaninducethelungHO-1expression,whichplaysanimportantroleinthedefenseagainstI/R-inducedlunginjuryinrats.

简介：AbstractBackground:The predictive value of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether HbA1c levels were independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who had undergone PCI by performing a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Methods:This meta-analysis included non-diabetic patients with CAD who had undergone PCI. A systematic search for publications listed in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from commencement to December 2018 was conducted. Studies evaluating the adverse clinical outcomes according to abnormal HbA1c levels in non-diabetic patients diagnosed with CAD who had undergone PCI were eligible. The primary outcomes were long-term all-cause deaths and long-term major adverse cardiac events, and the secondary outcome was short-term all-cause deaths. The meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 and Stata software 14.0. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using a random or fixed-effects model, depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies. Sub-group analysis or sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity, when necessary.Results:Six prospective cohort studies involving 10,721 patients met the inclusion criteria. From the pooled analysis, abnormal HbA1c levels were associated with increased risk for long-term all-cause death (OR 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.68, P = 0.001, I2 = 45%). Sub-group analysis suggested that abnormal HbA1c levels between 6.0% and 6.5% predicted higher long-term major adverse cardiac event (including all-cause deaths, non-fatal myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization, recurrent acute myocardial infarction, heart failure requiring hospitalization, and stent thrombosis) risk (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.46-2.87, P < 0.001, I2 = 0). Contrarily, elevated HbA1c levels were not associated with increased risk of short-term all-cause death (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.88-1.54, P = 0.300, I2= 0).Conclusions:An abnormal HbA1c level is an independent risk factor for long-term adverse clinical events in non-diabetic patients with CAD after PCI. Strict control of HbA1c levels may improve patient survival. Further studies in different countries and prospective cohort studies with a large sample size are required to verify the association.

简介：AbstractBackground:Blood glucose control is closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prognosis. This multicenter study aimed to investigate blood glucose control among patients with insulin-treated T2DM in North China and explore the application value of combining an elastic network (EN) with a machine-learning algorithm to predict glycemic control.Methods:Basic information, biochemical indices, and diabetes-related data were collected via questionnaire from 2787 consecutive participants recruited from 27 centers in six cities between January 2016 and December 2017. An EN regression was used to address variable collinearity. Then, three common machine learning algorithms (random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM], and back propagation artificial neural network [BP-ANN]) were used to simulate and predict blood glucose status. Additionally, a stepwise logistic regression was performed to compare the machine learning models.Results:The well-controlled blood glucose rate was 45.82% in North China. The multivariable analysis found that hypertension history, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease history, exercise, and total cholesterol were protective factors in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control, while central adiposity, family history, T2DM duration, complications, insulin dose, blood pressure, and hypertension were risk factors for elevated HbA1c. Before the dimensional reduction in the EN, the areas under the curve of RF, SVM, and BP were 0.73, 0.61, and 0.70, respectively, while these figures increased to 0.75, 0.72, and 0.72, respectively, after dimensional reduction. Moreover, the EN and machine learning models had higher sensitivity and accuracy than the logistic regression models (the sensitivity and accuracy of logistic were 0.52 and 0.56; RF: 0.79, 0.70; SVM: 0.84, 0.73; BP-ANN: 0.78, 0.73, respectively).Conclusions:More than half of T2DM patients in North China had poor glycemic control and were at a higher risk of developing diabetic complications. The EN and machine learning algorithms are alternative choices, in addition to the traditional logistic model, for building predictive models of blood glucose control in patients with T2DM.