简介:InviewofthelimitationsofaRn-GnmodelinthelowfrequencyrangeandthedefectsofanEn-Inmodelincommonusenow,thispaperbuildsacompleteEn-Inmodelaccordingtothetheoryofrandomharmonic.Theparametersforthelow-noisedesignsuchastheequivalentinputnoisyvoltageEns,theoptimumsourceimpedanceZsoptandtheminimumnoisefigureFmincanbecalculatedaccuratelybyusingthisEn-Inmodelbecauseitconsidersthecoherencebetweenthenoisesourcesfully.Moreover,thispaperpointsoutthatitwillcausethemaximum30%miscalculationwhenneglectingtheeffectsofthecorrelationcoefficient7.Usingtheseries-seriescircuitsasanexample,thispaperdiscussesthemethodsfortheEn-InnoiseanalysisofelectroniccircuitspreliminarilyanddemonstratesitscorrectnessthroughthecomparisonbetweenthesimulatedandmeasuredresultsoftheminimumnoisefigureFminofasinglecurrentseriesnegativefeedbackcircuit.
简介:Theneedforcleanerfuelshasresultedinacontinuingworldwidetrendtoreducedieselsulfurandaromatics.Therearemanyapproachestoreducingsulfurandaromaticsindiesel.Mostofthemhaveacommondrawbackofhighcostbecauseofadoptingtwostagesofhydrotreatingandusingnoble-metalcatalyst,especiallyforreducingaromatics.TheattempttoresolvethisissuehasledtotherecentdevelopmentoftheSingleStageHydrotreating(SSHT)processbyResearchInstituteofPetroleumProcessing(RIPP),SINOPEC.TheSSHTprocessisasingle-stagehydrotreatingtechnologyforproducinglowsulfurandlowaromaticsdiesel.Theprocessusesoneortwonon-noble-metalcatalystssystemandoperatesatmoderatepressure.Whenrevampinganexistingunittomeetlowaromaticsdieselspecification,theonlythingtodoistoaddareactororreplacetheexistingreactor,Inpilotplanttests,theSSHTtechnologyhassuccessfullytreatedSRGO(StraightRunGasOil),LCO(LightCycleOil)ortheblendofthem.ItisshownthatbyusingtheSSHTprocessdieselwithsulfurof30ppmandaromaticsof15m%canbeproducedfromMiddle-EastSRGOanddieselwitharomaticscontentof25m%canbeproducedfromcrackedfeed,suchasFCC-LCO.Highdieselyieldandcetanenumbergain(fromcrackedfeedstocks)givetheSSHTtechnologyaperformanceadvantagecomparedtoconventionalhydrocrackingandhydrotreatingprocesses.Thelowerinvestmentandoperatingcostisanotheradvantage.ThefirstcommercialapplicationoftheSSHTtechnologyhasbeeninoperationsinceSeptember2001.
简介:写完15万字的《玻璃虫》已经有一个多月,但内心的喜悦至今没有散去,我甚至想写一首歌,歌名就叫:玻璃玻璃我爱你玻璃到底是什么?不知道;为什么要爱玻璃呢?那就更不知道了。无端的喜悦和爱在我的身体里穿梭,我不知道自己为什么这样高兴。我的上一部长篇《说吧,房间》还充满着职业女性的疲惫憔悴,这一部长篇却已是眉飞色舞,草肥水美。这就是写作赋予写作者的奇迹。写作第一应该取悦的就是自己。写什么不重要,怎么写也不重要,是否深刻不重要,是否富有道德感也不重要。关键的是它能否激扬你的生命,使你微笑、乐生、感恩。《玻璃虫》的写作很奇异,它使我越写越健康,越写越高兴,好像有一种美妙的气体,它把我全身都打通了。这是从来没
简介:ApplicationofcertaintyfactorsofearthquakeprecursoryanomalyevidencesCF(E)ZHAO-BIZHENG(郑兆),JUNZHANG(张军)andMEIQING(庆梅)Seismolo...
简介:对于我来说,钱是无论如何也花不完的,我早已不再将它看作是个人能力的象征。1美元,够了。史蒂夫·乔布斯坐在美国加州CUPERTINO总部的会议室内,这位苹果电脑公司的首席执行官双手托在脑后,全神贯注地听着公司2000年第二财季的财务报告,脸上不时露出欣慰的笑容。在这一财季中,苹果电脑公司共销售计算机系统1,043,000套,实现利润2.33亿美元,与去年同期1.35亿美元的利润收益相比,有了较大幅度的