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简介：TheStateDevelopmentandReformCommissionhasissuedanoticegivingconsentonthepreconstructionstudyonGuangdongNansharefining/chemicalintegratedprojectjointlyconductedbySINOPEC,Guangdongprovincialgov-

简介：TheNanshaIslands,China,haveextremelyhighmarinebiodiversityandhundredsofmolluskshavebeenreportedthere.BenthosresourcesinvestigationsoftheintertidalandsubtidalzonearoundtheNanshaIslandshavebeencontinuouslyperformedfordecades,andrecently,dozensofnewspeciesandnewrecordsofmolluskshavebeenreportedfromthisarea.ThispaperdealtwiththreenewrecordspeciesoftheGastropodafromChinesewaters:CerithiumsalebrosumSowerbyII,1855,Vexillummilitare(Reeve,1845)andVexillumbizonale(DautzenbergetBouge,1923),respectivelybelongingtothreefamilies:CerithiidaeFleming,1822,andCostellariidaeMacDonald,1860.AllspecimenswerecollectedfromtheNanshaIslandsduringthebenthosresourcesinvestigationsontheintertidalzoneofislandsandreefsintheSouthChinaSeainrecentyears.Diagnosisandgeographicdescriptionsofbothgenusandspecies,illustrationsofeachspeciesweregiveninthiscontribution,anddiscussionoftaxonomy,identificationfeaturesandfaunalcharacteristicswerepresented.AllexaminedspecimensweredepositedintheMarineBiodiversityCollectionsofSouthChinaSea,ChineseAcademyofSciences.

简介：Thediffusionattenuationcoefficientfordownwellingirradiance,Kd(490),isanimportantopticalparameterofseawater.Theopticalproperty,Kd(490),aroundNanshaIslandsintheSouthChinaSeawasanalyzedbasedonopticaldataprofilesmeasuredwithSPMR(SeaWiFSProfilingMultichannelRadiometer)andSMSR(SeaWiFSMuitichannelSurfaceReference)instrumentinAprilandMay,1999.TheresultsshowthatKd(490)iscloselycorrelatedwithchlorophyll-aconcentration,Cchl.a,andthattheverticaldistributionofKd(490)showsthestrongstratificationofthewatercolumninthisarea.Kd(490)hasasimilarverticalco-variationasKL(490),thediffusiveattenuationcoefficientforupwellingradiance.Bothcoefficientsincreasewithdepthintheupperlayer,whereKL(490)isgreaterthanKd(490);andafteradepth,approximativelyatthechlorophyllmaximum,theydecreasewithdepth,withtheformerbeingsmallerthanthelatter.

简介：BasedontheSSTandwavedataobservedbyvesselspassingthroughtheNanshaIslandswaters,thispaperanalysesElNinoevent’seffectonhydrologicalfactorsintheabovewaters.Thepaperconcludes(1)SSTintheNanshaIslandswatervarieswiththatoftheEasternEquatorialPacificOceaninsynchronousphase,butvarieswiththatoftheWesternEquatorialPacificOceaninoppositephase;(2)theseastateinNanshaIslandswatersisrough,thefrequencyofgreatwaveincreasesintheyearofElNino,especiallyinthenextyearoftheyearofElNino.Thepaperdiscussesthereasonsfortheabovephenomena.

简介：冷战后的欧盟在指导方针上出了问题，她不知是把自己建成一个联邦（美国式的联邦或合作型的联邦）还是建成一个地处欧洲的小联合国。对这个问题我们现在必须给出答案，否则欧盟还会陷入危机。

简介：Onthebisisofdeterminingthethereelementsofthemocline(depth[upperbounddepth],thicknessandintensity)andthemaximumverticaltemperaturegradientofthesurveyingstation,thepapercalculatesthemeantemperatureoftheNanshadeep-watersurveyingstationwithintheupper-bounddepthlayerofthermoclineandthemeantemperaturebelowthelowerbounddepthofthermoclinebetweenthe300mand800mlayers,respectively.AnalysisindicatesthatthehorizontaldistributionofmeanseawatertemperatureshowsadistincttrendofthelowtemperatureseawaterslowlymovingfromtbenortheasttothesoutheastofNansha,whichseemstohavebeendrivenbytheNortheastMonsoon.Thelargertheverticaltemperatureradientis,thegreaterisitscapabilityofpreventingtheheatoftheupperseawaterfromdiffusingintothedeeperlayersontheverticaldirection.

简介：BasedonthesurveydatafromtheprogramMultidisciplinaryExpeditiontoNanshaIslandsSeaArea,thedistributionofdissolvedinorganicphosphate(PO43--P)intheseawaterofNanshaIslandsSeaAreaiscomprehensivelyanalyzedinthispaper.TheresultsshowthatPO43--PconcentrationintheseawaterofsoutheasternNanshaIslandsSeaAreaiscommonlyhigherthanthatintheotherseaareas;theverticaldistributionofPO43--Pconcentrationvariesinconspicuouslyindifferentseasons;theconcentrationofPO43--Pincreaseswithwaterdepthandchangesmostgreatlyinthelayerof50～100m.ThediurnalvariationofPO43--Pconcentrationdiffersindifferentseasonsandatdifferentobservationstations.ThedistributionandvariationofPO43--Pconcentrationresultfromthephysicalandbiologicalprocessestogether.

简介：Onthebasisofinterpretationofcomprehensivegeophysicaldataandforeigndataanalysis,thereexistedalotofoverburdendetachmentshearthrustfaultsalongthesoutheasternmarginofNanshaTrough,whichcomposedimbricatedoverthrustnappestructure.Thrust-faultednappestructurepatternisdeterminedinthisarea,whichconsistsoffrontalfaultzone,thrustfault-foldedzoneandrootzonestructures,andpresentsregularlyzonationonplane.Thedetaildescriptionofthestructuralgeometricalcharacteristicsisgiveninshallowthrustfaultzone,andthekinematicalmechanismofthrustfaultnappestructureisfurtherlydiscussed.Overthrnstnappestructureinthisareaisresultedfromislandarc-continentcollisionandorogenicactivities.

简介：Concentrationsoforganicmatter,ironandmanganeseinthedeepseasurfacesedimentsintheNanshaIslandsseaarea,SouthChinaSeaaremeasured.Horizontalandverticaldistributionsofironandmanganesearediscussed.Theverticaldistributionofironandmanganeseinthesedimentsresultsfromreduction,diffusion,andredepositionofmanganese(oriron)oxideandhydroxideinthesediment.Therearethemaximaofironandmanganeseinsolidphaseinthetopofthesediment,whichiscausedbythepenetrationofO2andtheupwardfluxofMn2+(orFe2+).Manganesebacteriaplayaveryimportantroleinthecycleofsolid-phaseironandmanganeseintheoceanenvironment.ManganesebacteriaoxidizeMn2+(orFe2+)indissolvedstatetoMn4+(orFe3+)inoxidizedstateundertheaerobiccondition,whereastheyreduceironandmanganeseinanaerobicconditions.

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简介：AdetailedsurveyofthereefsintheNanshaIslands’seathatareofstrategicimportanceisconducivetotheirfuturedevelopment.Inthisstudy,atotalof50Landsat8operationallandimager(OLI)imageswereusedtoanalyzethegeologicalfeaturesandspectralcharacteristicsoftheNanshareefs.Theexposedislands/sandbanks,reefflatsandsub-tidalreefswereidentifiedwiththenear-infraredband,theredandgreenbands,andtheblueband,respectively.BasedontherelationshipsamongvariouscharacteristicsandbandsillustratedintheOLIimages,themaximumbetween-clustervariancethresholdalgorithm(OTSUmethod)andthemathematicalmorphologywereemployedtoextractcharacteristicparametersofthespatialgeometryofthereefsfromtoptobottom,whichweresubsequentlyoperatedbyaseriesofpost-processingmethodssuchasvectorization,simplificationandtopologicalanalysis.Amongthe132standalonereefsand16atollsthatareidentifiedinthestudy,fourreefshaveyettobenamedintheStandardNamesofVariousIslandsintheSouthChinaSeaandthewebsiteNanshaIslandsOnline(http://www.nansha.org/).Another24onesareexposedtotheatmosphereevenduringhightides.TaipingIslandwithanareaof0.57km~2representsthelargestexposedgeologicalfeature.Thisstudydemonstratedtheapplicabilityofmedium-resolutionsatelliteimagestoderivethecoralreefinformationeffectivelyandthusprovidedinformationfortherelateddepartmentsthatareresponsibletomanagethecoast.Animprovedresolutionofmultispectralbandswiththepanchromaticbandinhigherspatialresolution(15mforOLIimage)isexpectedtoprovideanoptimumsatellitebasedapproachtomapmarinehabitats.