简介：客观：学习在胸方法的ductalcarcinomainsitu的作为一个预示的因素的组织学的分级的意义：根据凡·奈鈥檚分类，胸的ductalcarcinomainsitu(DCIS)的32个盒子被划分成三个组。结果：低等级(很好区分的、低等级DCIS)12个病人(37.5%)；中间的等级，9个病人(28.1%)；高等级(糟糕区分的DCIS)11个病人(34.4%)。在高等级DCIS之中，histologic子类型是粉刺(9个病人)，micropapillary(1个病人)和固体(1个病人)。在高等级DCIS的积极表示ofc-erbB-2，p53和MIB-1在中间、低的等级DCIS比那高。高等级和低等级DCIS之间的差别是重要的(P<0.05)。表示嗯在高等级，DCIS在中间、低的等级DCIS是比那低的。结论：胸ductalcarcinomainsitu的组织学的分级可以是一个好预示的因素。

简介：AbstractBreast neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare entity. It constitutes less than 0.5% of breast malignancies, and is usually diagnosed in older women. The occurrence of this type in young patients during pregnancy is extremely rare. Only 2 cases were previously reported. Both were diagnosed at earlier stage with the appearance of a palpable breast mass. Hereby, we present the case of a young patient at 28 weeks’ gestation admitted for severe diffuse back pain and neurologic deficit due to spinal cord compression at the level of C5 vertebra, and nerve root compression at the level of L5 vertebrae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of oncologic emergency during pregnancy due to a metastatic poorly differentiated breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation in the absence of a detectable primary focus of malignancy in the breast. We also discuss the management and the obstetrical outcome of this patient.

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简介：Objective:Puremucinousbreastcarcinoma(PMBC)isanuncommonhistologicaltypeofbreastcancercharacterizedbyalargeamountofmucinproduction.MicroRNA(miRNA)isalargeclassofsmallnoncodingRNAofabout22ntinvolvedintheregulationofvariousbiologicalprocesses.ThisstudyaimstoidentifythemiRNAexpressionprofileinPMBC.Methods:MiRNAexpressionprofilesin11PMBCswereanalyzedbymiRNA-microarrayandreal-timepolymerasechainreaction(PCR).Thirty-onePMBCsand27invasiveductalcarcinomaofnospecialtypes(IDC-NSTs)wereassessedbyimmunohistochemistryusingantibodiesagainstER,PR-progesteronereceptor,HER2,Ki-67,Bcl-2,p53,PCNA,andCK5and6.Results:WeanalyzedthemiRNAexpressionin11PMBCsandcorrespondingnormaltissuesusingmiRNA-microarrayandreal-timePCR,andfoundthatmiR-143andmiR-224-5pweresignificantlydownregulatedinmucinouscarcinomatissue.ComparedwithIDC-NSTs,PMBCshowedasignificantlyhigherERpositiverate,lowerHER-2positiverate,andlowercellproliferationrates.Conclusions:Toourknowledge,thisisthefirststudytodemonstratethemiRNAexpressionprofileofPMBC,andourfindingsmayleadtofurtherunderstandingofthistypeofbreastcancer.

简介：ＤＩＥＬＥＣＴＲＩＣＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＨＵＭＡＮＢＲＥＡＳＴＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＡＮＤＳＵＲＲＯＵＮＤＩＮＧＴＩＳＳＵＥＳＤＩＥＬＥＣＴＲＩＣＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＨＵＭＡＮＢＲＥＡＳＴＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＡＮＤＳＵＲＲＯＵＮＤＩＮＧＴＩＳＳＵＥ...

简介：Objective:Secretorybreastcarcinoma(SBC)isararetypeofbreastmalignancy,accountingforlessthan0.02%ofallinfiltratingbreastmalignancies.ThepureSBC,atypeofSBCwithoutanothertypeofbreastmalignantneoplasm,isparticularlyrare.ThisstudyaimedtoinvestigatetheclinicopathologicandmolecularfeaturesofpureSBC.Methods:Themainpathologicalparameterssuchasestrogenreceptor(ER),progesteronereceptor(PR),andhumanepithelialgrowthfactorreceptor2(C-erbB-2)weredetectedbyimmunohistochemistry(IHC),andtheclinicopathologicandprognosticdifferencewerecomparedwithinvasiveductalcarcinoma(IDC).Fluorescentinsituhybridization(FISH)andreversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)wasperformedtoidentifytheETV6-NTRK3rearrangementofSBC.Results:WefoundthatthepositivityratesofER,PR,C-erbB-2,p53,andS-100were47.7%(21/44),52.3%(23/44),36.4%(16/44),27.3%(12/44),and95.5%(42/44),respectively,whichwerehigherthanthosereportedinpreviousstudies.Specialperiodicacid-Schiffanalysiswasperformedin36patients,andthevalueoftheKi-67indexrangedfrom1%to50%(meanvalue:10%).Interestingly,mostpatientswithpureSBCharboredanETV6-NTRK3rearrangementwithan88.6%(39/44)expressionrate.ComparedwithIDC,thetumorsizeofmostpatientswithSBCwaslargerthan2cm(P=0.024).Ultrasoundshowedbenignlesions,andthetotalmisdiagnosisratewashigher(P=0.020).Althoughthepathologicalclassificationwasmostlytriple-negativebreastcancers(P=0.036),therewaslessmetastasis(P=0.029),andtheoverallprognosiswasbetterthanthatoftheIDCgroup.Conclusions:Althoughaxillarylymphnodemetastasis,localrecurrence,ordistantmetastasismayoccur,SBCisalsoconsideredanindolentneoplasmwithagoodprognosis.Oncediagnosed,surgicaltreatmentshouldbeperformedassoonaspossible,followedbyappropriateadjuvantchemotherapy,irradiation,andendocrinetherapies.

简介：Spindlecellcarcinomaofthebreastisararetumor.Thistumorcanproliferaterapidlyandcausecysticchangesbecauseofinternaltissuenecrosis.Weevaluateda54-year-oldwomanwithrightbreastlump.Mammographyshowedacategoryfourmasswithadiameterof2.5cm.Ultrasonography(US)revealedacomplexcysticlesion,andfine-needleaspiration(FNA)cytologydemonstratedbloodyfluidandmalignantcells.Partialbreastresectionandsentinellymphnodebiopsywereperformed.Immunohistologyrevealedspindlecellswithpositiveresultsforcytokeratin(AE1/AE3)andvimentin,partiallypositiveresultsfors-100,andnegativeresultsfordesminandα-actin.ThepathologicalstagewasIIA,andbiochemicalcharacterizationshowedthatthetumorwastriplenegative.SixcoursesofFEC-100chemotherapy(5-fluorouracil500mg/m2,epirubicin100mg/m2,andcyclophosphamide500mg/m2)wereadministered.Radiotherapywasperformed.Thiscaseisdiscussedwithreferencetotheliterature.

简介：Objective:Todeterminethevalueofdiffusion-tensorimaging（DTI）asanadjuncttodynamiccontrastenhancedmagneticresonanceimaging（DCE-MRI）forimprovedaccuracyofdifferentialdiagnosisbetweenbreastductalcarcinomainsitu（DCIS）andinvasivebreastcarcinoma（IBC）.Methods:TheMRIdataof63patientspathologicallyconfirmedasbreastcancerwereanalyzed.TheconventionalMRIanalysismetricsincludedenhancementstyle,initialenhancementcharacteristic,maximumslopeofincrease,timetopeak,timesignalintensitycurve（TIC）pattern,andsignalintensityonFST2WI.Thevaluesofapparentdiffusioncoefficient（ADC）,directionally-averagedmeandiffusivity(Davg),exponentialattenuation（EA）,fractionalanisotropy（FA）,volumeratio（VR）andrelativeanisotropy（RA）werecalculatedandcomparedbetweenDCISandIBC.MultivariatelogisticregressionwasusedtoidentifyindependentfactorsfordistinguishingIBCandDCIS.Thediagnosticperformanceofthediagnosisequationwasevaluatedusingthereceiveroperatingcharacteristic（ROC）curve.ThediagnosticefficaciesofDCEMRI,DWIandDTIwerecomparedindependendyorcombined.Results:EAvalue,lesionenhancementstyleandTICpatternwereidentifiedasindependentfactorfordifferentialdiagnosisofIBCandDCIS.ThecombinationdiagnosisshowedhigherdiagnosticefficacythanasingleuseofDCE-MRI（P=0.02）,andtheareaofthecurvewasimprovedfrom0.84（95%CI,0.67-0.99）to0.94（95%CI,0.85-1.00）.Conclusions:QuantitativeDTImeasurementasanadjuncttoDCE-MRIcouldimprovethediagnosticperformanceofdifferentialdiagnosisbetweenDCISandIBCcomparedtoasingleuseofDCE-MRI.

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简介：Breastcancerisoneofthemostcommonmalignanciesamongwomenanditsmorbidityhasrecentlyincreasedinmanypartsoftheworld[1].Numerousfactorshavebeenreportedtobeassociatedwithdevelopmentofbreastcancerincludingangiogenesis.Angiogenesisortheformationofnewbloodvesselnetworks,notonlyplaysapivotalroleinhumannormaldevelopment,butalsoinpathophysiologicalconditionssuchasinflammatorydiseasesandneoplasms[2]

简介：DearFriendsandColleaguesOnbehalfoftheorganiingCommittee,wearepleasedtowelcomeyoutoparticipateinthe2~(nd)InternationalSymposiumonTranslationalCancerResearchtobeheldonAugust18~(th)-20(th),2016inTianjin,China.In2002,TianjinMedicalUniversityCancerInstituteandHospital,togetherwithTheUniversityof

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简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatethehypermethylationstatusofglutathionetransferaseP1(GSTP1)andE-cadherin(ECAD),TSGs(tumorsuppressorgenes)inourbreastcancersamplesandexploretheircorrelationwithclinicopathologicalfeaturesofcorrespondingcancerpatients.MethodsOnehundredandthirty-sixIDC(invasiveductalcarcinoma)patientswererecruitedforanalysisand16fibroadenomapatientsactedascontrol.DNAextractionandmethylation-specificPCR(MSP)weresubsequentlyperformedprecededbypathologicalexamination.ResultsThepercentageofhypermethylatedGSTP1incarcinomaandfibroadenomagroupswas34.92%and15.79%respectivelyandthepercentageofhypermethylatedECADincarcinomasandfibroadenomaswas18.00%and0.00%respectively.Carcinomahadthehighestpercentageofc-erbB2overexpressionbeing54.55%amongtheclinicopathologicalparameters.ConclusionHypermethylationpatternsarefrequentinIDCandseemtorelatetoc-erbB2overexpression,andsuchepigeneticchangeshouldnotbeneglectedinfibroadenoma.Tumormethylationstatusincancerpatientscanbedeterminedatearlystageanditmaybeareferenceforbettertreatmentplanning.

简介：由于市场的快速的变化和比赛的压力，生产公司被强迫改编他们的生产方法支持顾客需要的差异和新产品开发的增加。因为生物有机体相当能够适应环境变化和刺激，启发简历的概念被认出了对适应生产合适系统控制。因此，这份报纸建议启发NeuroEndocrine的生产系统(NEIMS)的一个新奇概念。建议NEIMS控制体系结构与neuro控制和荷尔蒙规定原则基于类比。它有能力明确地包括控制点，材料，信息流动路径和逻辑操作指定生产控制计划，并且活泼地在商店地板水平处理意外骚乱的经常的出现。从控制论观点，NEIMS的控制模型由于外部环境在产品要求显示适应行为到变化并且作为内部环境生产房间失灵。最后，一个原型系统被设置了启用NEIMS模拟。

简介：AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) are heterogenous tumors originated from the diffuse neuroendocrine cells of pancreas, which show the function of synthesis, storage and secretion of peptide hormones and biomimetic amines. Biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosing, evaluating prognosis and predicting treatment response for pNET patients. Traditional NET markers such as chromogranin A and Neuron Specific Enolase, as a diagnostic biomarker, have relatively low sensitivity and specificity in pNET patients. The emergence of new types of biomarkers provides more reliable indicators for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Among them, NETest score is a promising biomarker with the highest diagnostic sensitivity (80%) and specificity (94%). In addition, this molecule can be also used as a prognostic biomarker, which can predict disease progression and shorter overall survival. Biomarkers related to therapeutic targets, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and key molecules of mTOR signaling pathway, have capability to predict response of treatment. With the development of next-generation sequencing, chip array, and digital droplet PCR, novel biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells, tumor-derived exosomes, and circulating tumor DNA and mRNA are expected to provide more accurate diagnosis, prognostic information, and prospective therapeutic targets. In this paper, biomarkers of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and their role in diagnosis, prognosis, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring are systematically introduced. Our conclusions can provide new basis for clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment process.

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简介：AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are highly heterogeneous, and the management of pNENs patients can be intractable. To address this challenge, an expert committee was established on behalf of the Chinese Pancreatic Surgery Association, which consisted of surgical oncologists, gastroenterologists, medical oncologists, endocrinologists, radiologists, pathologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. By reviewing the important issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of pNENs, the committee concluded evidence-based statements and recommendations in this article, in order to further improve the management of pNENs patients in China.

简介：二维的polyacrylamide胶化电气泳动(2D页)并且帮助矩阵的激光解吸附作用/电离双人脚踏车time-of-flight团spectrometry(MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS)，与联机数据库寻找合并了，被执行调查乳癌和邻近的正常的微分蛋白质胸纸巾。考虑到那浆液白朊富有地在正常被介绍，控制样品，从12在11检测的15个微分点(91.7%)乳癌样品被联机SIENA-2DPAGE数据库寻找和MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS分析识别。结果显示乳癌的病理学的变化涉及物质新陈代谢的扩大，解朊的活动的提升，酶的一些禁止者的活动的衰落等等。与改变的表示涉及乳癌的病理学的进程的一些重要蛋白质可以是有用简历标记，例如alpha-1-antitrypsin，EF-1-beta，组织蛋白酶D，TCTP，SMT3A，RPS12，和PSMA1，SMT3A，RPS12，和PSMA1首先在这研究为乳癌在之中被报导。

简介：Theriskofbreastcancer(BC)overdiagnosisattributedtomammographyscreeningisanunresolvedissue,complicatedbyheterogeneityinthemethodologyofquantifyingitsmagnitude,andbothpoliticalandscientificelementssurroundinginterpretationoftheevidenceonthisphenomenon.EvidencefromrandomizedtrialsandalsofromobservationalstudiesshowsthatmammographyscreeningreducestheriskofBCdeath;similarly,thesestudiesprovidesufficientevidencethatoverdiagnosisrepresentsaseriousharmfrompopulationbreastscreening.Forboththeseoutcomesofscreening,BCmortalityreductionandoverdiagnosis,estimatesofmagnitudevarybetweenstudieshoweveroverdiagnosisestimatesareassociatedwithsubstantialuncertainty.Thetrade-offbetweenthebenefitandthecollectiveharmsofBCscreening,includingfalse-positivesandoverdiagnosis,ismorefinelybalancedthaninitiallyrecognized,howeverthesnapshotofevidencepresentedonoverdiagnosisdoesnotmeanthatbreastscreeningisworthless.Futureeffortsshouldbedirectedtowards(a)ensuringthatanychangesintheimplementationofBCscreeningoptimizethebalancebetweenbenefitandharms,includingassessinghowplannedoractualchangesmodifytheriskofoverdiagnosis;(b)informingwomenofalltheoutcomesthatmayaffectthemwhentheyparticipateinscreeningusingwell-craftedandbalancedinformation;and(c)investinginresearchthatwillhelpdefineandreducetheensuingovertreatmentofscreen-detectedBC.