简介：<正>Yugoslavia’saccessiontoGATThadundergoneseveralstages:in1950,GATTacceptedYugoslaviaasanobserver;onMay16,1959,YugoslaviaproclaimedtoacceptthegeneralprinciplesandguidingprinciplesofGATTandagreedtodeveloptraderelationshipwithotherGATTmembersonthisbasis,andrequestedthepreferentialtreatmentasGATTmembers

简介：Varicocelectomy是为有痛苦的精索静脉曲张的病人的一种管理选择。在这研究，我们为痛苦的精索静脉曲张估计了varicocelectomy的有效性并且检验了可能结果预兆的因素。为在2007年2月和2009年7月之间的疼痛经历了varicocelectomy的所有病人被包括。耐心的医药记录的评论被进行；疼痛的耐心的年龄，身体团索引(BMI)，等级，精索静脉曲张的地点，阴囊的卷，持续时间和质量(迟钝，拖，跳动或锋利)并且外科的技术(腹股沟对subinguinal)被记录。所有参数与疼痛的决定相比(完全，部分或失败)。我们列在后面在上面在104个病人中的53个上(51.0%；)。疼痛的完全的手术后的分辨率被28个病人报导(52.8%；)，而22(41.5%；)报导部分分辨率。仅仅三个病人(5.7%；)报导失败。没有关系在手术后的疼痛分辨率和年龄之间被观察，BMI，精索静脉曲张的等级，精索静脉曲张的地点，ipsilateral阴囊的hypotrophy，疼痛的质量或外科的技术。在外科前的疼痛的持续时间是与手术后的疼痛分辨率相关的唯一的因素(univariate，P=0.004；multivariate，P=0.002)。我们的结果显示varicocelectomy是为在适当地选择的病人的痛苦的精索静脉曲张的有效治疗，并且在外科前的疼痛的那持续时间可能结果是预兆的。

简介：由于mediopatellar襞的眼泪胀大和前面的痛苦的膝的一个案例被报导。锁住的patellofemoral关节和膝的耐心的也感到的笨蛋。在arthroscopic检查下面，厚、含纤维的襞被发现中间到膝盖骨，并且沿着到infrapatellar脂肪的从中间的膝盖骨的支持带的襞的桶眼泪垫。极化的显微镜的检查显示出骨胶原纤维碎片和轻思考性质的损失。Neuroimmunohistology在裂缝附近在区域建议了synovial襞神经分布的起来规定。这可能与疼痛有关。mediopatellarplicacaused疼痛的桶眼泪和膝的锁比以前报导是更普通的。

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简介：AbstractObjective:To study the 12-month effects and possible mechanisms of low-dose mifepristone in the treatment of adenomyosis.Methods:Patients included in this retrospective study had painful adenomyosis and previously received 5 mg mifepristone daily (group A, n = 45) or 5 mg mifepristone daily with a poor-effect levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (group B, n = 13) for 12 months. Uterine size, serum CA125 levels, estradiol levels, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, endometrial thickness, and hemoglobin levels were compared before and after treatment and investigated again at 3 to 6 months after drug withdrawal. Another 8 patients with adenomyosis (group C, n = 8) who underwent surgery for severe dysmenorrhea during the same period were only used as a control group for immunohistochemical research. Endometrial biopsy results and expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear-associated antigen Ki-67 (Ki-67) in endometrial tissues and adenomyotic lesions were also analyzed.Results:The VAS scores in both experimental groups at all time points during treatment and follow-up were significantly lower (P <0.001) than those before treatment. The uterine size was significantly reduced, and endometrial thickness was distinctly thicker after 12 months of treatment than that before treatment in group A receiving 5 mg/d mifepristone. The immunohistochemical expression of NGF and COX-2 decreased in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium after treatment, whereas that of Ki-67 slightly increased in eutopic endometrium after treatment and rapidly recovered to the baseline value after stopping mifepristone. There were no signs of hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, or malignancy in the endometrial biopsies.Conclusions:The results suggested that a daily dose of 5 mg mifepristone for 12 months down-regulated the expression of NGF and COX-2 and was effective in treating painful adenomyosis with few side effects.