简介:本文提供了从1975年至今在北海采用的EOR技术的总结和指导原则。在北海已经采用的5项技术是注混相烃气、WAG、SWAG(水气同时交替注入)、FAWAG(泡沫辅助水气交替注入)和MEOR。用每项EOR技术的各自成熟程度或成熟期、技术应用限制以及在增油基础上的工艺效率,鉴定在北海已经采用的每种EOR技术。除了在Ekofisk油田进行的WAG和在SnorreCFB进行的FAWAG外,所有技术都在相应的油田获得了成功。认为注混相烃气和WAG在北海是成熟技术。在北海最普遍采用的技术是WAG并且被认为是最成功的EOR技术。出现的主要问题是注入能力(WAG、SWAG和FAWAG项目)、注入系统监测和油藏非均质性(注混相烃气、WAG、SAWAG、和FAWAG项目)。在报道的所有EOR技术矿场应用中,有约63%是在挪威大陆架进行的,有32%是在英国大陆架进行的,其余的是在丹麦大陆架进行的。Statoil是在北海进行EOR技术矿场应用的领先者。以后,大部分研究将集中在微生物工艺、注C02和WAG(包括SWAG)方面。在这次评述中没有考虑室内技术、世界统计、模拟工具和经济评价,因为这些方面超出了本文的范围。
简介:Rèsumèonnewmonograph“AdvanceinMathematicalSeismology”edit┐edbyJunjiKoyama&FengDeyiThenewmonograph“AdvanceinMathematicalSeismo...
简介:ResearchonnonlinearR/SmethodanditspplicationinearthquakepredictionBi-QuanWANG(王碧泉);Han-MingHUANG(黄汉明);Hong-ShunFAN(范洪顺);Chuen...
简介:Themultivariatestatisticalanalysisisprofitablyapplicabletothestudyofconodontmultielementtaxonomy.R-modeclusteranalysesofquantitativeand0-1dataarecarriedoutheretoclassifymorethan6000discreteLowerTriassicconodontspecimensbelongingto108kindsofconodontelementsfromWesternGuangxi.TheresultsofR—modeclusteranalysisrevealmoredirectlytherelationshipamongmanyisolatedconodontelements,andtheyalsoprovethatthere-sultsofthelogicalinferencearebasicallycorrect,i.e.108kindsofconodontelementscanbeidenti-fiedinto32speciesbelongingto11generaofconodonts.TheapplicationofR-modeclusteranalysismultielementtaxonomybythemethod,hasbroughtabout4significantconclusions,whichcanbeusedbyconodontresearchersasreference.
简介:采用哈巴河县观测站1961—2008年逐月平均气温、平均最高、平均最低气温资料.利用一元回归和R/S方法,分析了哈巴河县四季和年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温的变化特征。结果表明:近48年以来,哈巴河县冬、夏、秋季平均气温及全年平均气温序列均表现为升温的趋势,其中冬季升温最为明显:四季和年平均最高和最低气温近48年来也呈上升趋势.并且四季和年平均最低气温的上升趋势比四季和年平均最高气温的上升趋势显著。经R/S分析表明,未来四季中夏、秋、冬季及年平均气温仍呈上升趋势且持续时间较长,而春季气温上升趋势不明显;四季和年平均最高、最低气温未来上升的趋势也将继续存在,且最低气温的持续性比最高气温的持续性长,夏、秋两季最低气温升温趋势相对其他两季较为明显,而夏、冬两季的最高气温的升温趋势相对其他两季较为明显。总之.近48年来哈巴河县气温总体变化趋势存在明显的hurst现象.未来这种现象也仍将持续。
简介:过去常在在当前的地震代码采用的基于力量的设计过程决定力量减小因素的最重要的参数是结构的韧性。为在一个灵活基础上支持的结构,韧性因素能被基础依从影响。在当前的代码给的韧性因素主要被分配忽略这研究的目的是在像栈的结构的韧性因素上估计SSI现象的意义的SSI并且因此的效果。像栈的结构的使变形的配置就非线性的时刻弯曲关系而言作为横梁元素的一个集合被理想化,当一个线性摇摇摆的模型被实现为支持的土壤建模时。用一套人工的记录,重复了线性、非线性的分析被逐渐地在非线性的分析增加加速的紧张到首先在线性、非线性的分析钢让步被观察的水平和相应于栈倒塌的水平执行。无弹性、有弹性的电阻之间的差别以排水量韧性因素被确定了。结果显示基础灵活性能减少系统的韧性并且忽视这现象可以在灵活地支持的R/C像栈的结构的地震表演的预言导致错误的结论。
简介:Ingeneral,earthquakecyclerelatedtoearthquakefaultingcouldincludefourmajorprocesseswhichcouldbedescribedby(1)faultlocking,(2)self-accelerationornucleation(possibleforeshocks),(3)coseismicslip,and(4)post-stressrelaxationandafterslip.Asuddenstaticstresschange/perturbationinthesurroundingcrustcanadvance/delaythefaultinstabilityorfailuretimeandmodifyearthquakerates.Basedonasimpleone-dimensionalspring-sliderblockmodelwiththecombinationofrate-and-statedependentfrictionrelation,inthisstudy,wehaveapproximatelyderivedthesimpleanalyticalsolutionsofclockadvance/delayoffaultfailurescausedbyasuddenstaticCoulombstresschangeappliedinthedifferenttemporalevolutionperiodsduringanearthquakefaulting.Theresultshavebeenusedinthephysics-basedexplanationofdelayedcharacteristicearthquakeinParkfieldregion,California,inwhichthenextcharacteristicearthquakeofM6.0after1966occurredin2004insteadofaround1988accordingtoitscharacteristicreturnperiodof22years.Atthesametime,theanalyticalsolutionsalsoindicatethatthetimeadvance/delayinCoulombstresschangederivedbythedislocationmodelhasacertainlimitationandfundamentalflaw.Furthermore,wediscussedtheessentialdifferencebetweenrate-andstate-variableconstitutive(R–S)modelandCoulombstressmodelusedcommonlyincurrentearthquaketriggeringstudy,anddemonstratedthat,infact,theCoulombstressmodelcouldbeinvolvedintheR–Smodel.Theresults,wehaveobtainedinthisstudy,couldbeusedinthedevelopmentoftime-dependentfaultinteractionmodelandtheprobabilitycalculationrelatedtothetime-dependentandrenewalearthquakepredictionmodel.
简介:Intheestimationofseismictendency,usingGutenberg-Richter¢sb-valueandusingHurstexponentaretwocom-monlyusedmethods.Basedonthefractalgeometryofearthquaketimeseries,wepointoutthatthesetwomethodscorrelatetoeachother.IntheperspectiveoffractionalBrownianmotion(FBM),anearthquakesequencewithb>3/4andthatwithb<3/4havedifferentdynamicproperties.
简介:WeusedearthquakecatalogsrecordedbyGuangdongSeismologicalNetworkfrom2008to2014toresolvethespatialvariationsofb-valuesinthecoastalareaofGuangdong,particularlyinthreekeyresearchareas(Yangjiang,Heyuan,andoffshoreNanaoIsland)withstrongseismicity.Ourresultsrevealedthatb-valuesexhibitedsignificantspatialvariations,andzoneswithlowb-valuescouldindicatethemostlikelyseismogenicareaoflargeearthquakes.Weobservedthreeclearlowb-valuepatchesintheoffshoreNanaoIsland.Wefoundadistincthighb-valuepeakatthedepthof11kmandtwominimumpeaksatabout14and7–8kmintheYangjiangarea.Theoverallb-valuesgenerallydecreasewithdepthintheHeyuanarea.Thespatialvariationsofb-valuesreflecttectonicanomalies;thatis,the‘low-high-low’distributionofb-valuesintheoffshoreNanaoIslandandtheYangjiangareamayindicatetheanomalyofthecrustalstructurewithaweaklayer.Theb-valuesofreservoir-inducedseismicityareobviouslylowerthanthatinducedbytectonism.Thisfindingindicatesthatthereservoirareaisgenerallyathighstressstateundertheconditionofhighporepressure.Weinferredthatlargeearthquakesmightbepronetooccurat10–12kmdepthintheoffshoreNanaoIsland,at12–15kmdepthintheYangjiangarea,andatthelowerpartoftheseismicactivityzoneintheHeyuanarea.Moreover,theupstreamareaoftheXinfengjiangreservoiristhemostlikelyareaoffuturelargeearthquakesintheHeyuanarea.