简介：Weathermodelsareessentialtoolsforcheckingoftheeffectoftheweatherelementsintermsoftheireffectontheproductionofthecrop.Thisresearchisanattempttoseetheeffectofonlytwovariablesi.e.,temperatureandrainfallforthedivisionFaisalabad(semitropicalregionofPakistan).Themodelfittedisofthelinearform:thevaluesofa,b,chavebeenfound.Theexpectedyieldhasbeencalculatedbyusingthearidityindices(X1andX2)andtheresultintheformofcoefficientofdeterminationR2hasbeenfoundequalto0.166.Thesignificanceoftheregressioncoefficienthasbeentested,whichshowsthatthecontributiontotheyieldfromaridityindexatgerminationandthatatripeningissignificant.Thewheatyieldsaretheresultsofawidevarietyofvariables,mostofwhichshowvaryingdegreeofrelationshipwithoneanother,somepositiveandsomenegativeintermsofoutput.Thesevariablesmaybetechnology,fertilizers,pesticides,epidemics,kindsofseedsused,market

简介：ＷａｔｅｒＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＡｓｉａｎＲｅｇｉｏｎｉｎａＷａｒｍｅｒＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ￥Ｍ．Ｌａｌ（ＣｅｎｔｒｅｆｏｒＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＩｎｄｉａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＮｅｗＤｅｌｈ...

简介：XishuangbannaofYunnanProvinceisafamoustropicalfoggyregion.AfieldexperimentwascarriedoutfromNovember23to30of1997duringwhichfogsoccurredregularlyeveryday.Inthepaperthecharacteristicsofmacrostructureoffogareanalyzedandthephysicalprocessesofformationanddissipationoffogarestudied.TheresultsshowthattheXishuangbannavalleyfogformsfirstlyintheloweratmospherewithtwo-layerstructuresandthendevelopssuddenlyintheverticaldirectionafterreachingtheground.Furthermore,thevegetationeffectontheformationanddissipationoffogisdiscussedspecially.

简介：Throughoneandhalfyearcontinuousin-situmeasurements,thedistributionsandvariationsofsurfaceozoneanditsprecursorsatatypicalmixedagriculturalandmetropolitanarea-Changshu,YangtzeDeltaregion,werestudied.Thepreliminaryanalysisontheconcentrationlevelsandvariationsofsurfaceozoneindicatedtheobviousseasonalanddiurnalcyclesduringtheexperiment.Thehourlyaveragedconcentrationsofsurfaceozonewerehigh,inabout17%oftotalvalidhoursthesurfaceozoneconcentrationexceeded50ppb,andin22daysthehourlyaveragedozoneconcentrationwasgreaterthan100ppb.Therewereabout40%ofthedaysinthatthedailymaximum8-hourozoneconcentrationwasgreaterthan50ppb.Thedayswithdailymaximum8-hourozoneconcentrationgreaterthan80ppbwereabout33daysthataccountedforabout8%oftheobservationaldays.Thevariationsof5-daymovingaveragedozoneconcentrationsdependedbothontheweatherconditionsandonthechangesofozoneinbackgroundatmosphere.Photochemicalprocesshadthesignificantimpactsonozoneproductions.

简介：Mesoscaleconvectivesystems(MCSs)areseveredisaster-producingweathersystems.PreviousattemptsofMCScensusaremadebyexamininginfraredsatelliteimageriesartificially,withsubjectivityinvolvedintheprocessunavoidably.Thismethodisalsoinefficientandtime-consuming.ThedisadvantagesmakeitimpossibletodoMCScensusoverAsiaandwesternPacificregion(AWPR)withanextendedspanoftime,whichisnotfavorableforgainingadeeperinsightintothesesystems.Inthispaper,afire-newautomaticMCSidentification(AMI)methodisusedtocapturefourcategoriesofMCSswithdifferentsizesandshapesfromnumericalsatelliteinfrareddata.47,468MCSsareidentifiedoverAsiaandwesternPacificregionduringthewarmseason(MaytoOctober)from1995to2008.Basedonthisdatabase,MCScharacteristicssuchasshape,size,duration,velocity,geographicaldistribution,intermonthlyvariation,andlifecyclearestudied.ResultsindicatethatthenumberoflinearMCSsis2.5timesthatofcircularMCSs.Theformerisofalargersizewhilethelatterisofalongerduration.The500hPasteeringflowplaysanimportantroleintheMCSmovement.MCSstendtomovefasteraftertheyreachthemaximumextent.FourcategoriesofMCShavesimilarcharacteristicsofgeographicaldistributionandintermonthlyvariation.Basically,MCSsarezonallydistributed,withthreezonesweakeningfromsouthtonorth.TheintermonthlyvariationofMCSsisrelatedtotheseasonaladjustmentofthelarge-scalecirculation.AstotheMCSsoverChina,theyhavedifferentlifecyclecharacteristicsoverdifferentareas.MCSsoverplateausandhillareas,withonlyonepeakintheirlifecyclecurves,tendtoformintheafternoon,matureatnightfall,anddissipateatnight.Ontheotherhand,MCSsoverplains,whichhaveseveralpeaksintheirlifecyclecurves,mayformeitherintheafternoonoratnight,whereasMCSsovertheoceanstendtoformatmidnight.Affectedbythesea-landbreezecirculation,MCSsoverc

简介：在常规时间序列分析，一个过程经常作为三个添加剂部件被建模：线性趋势，季节的效果，和无秩序杂音。在这篇论文，我们及时用一个分解方法在中国的一个区域执行表面气温的分析系列分析。应用到大气的研究(NCEP/NCAR)的环境Prediction/the国家中心的国家中心在中国的这个区域的合作分析数据被讨论。主要发现是为1948年1月估计到2006年2月的表面气温趋势不在0.5904℃(100年)是统计上重要的~(-1)。预报方面也被考虑。

简介：TheaimofthisworkisanimprovementoftheparameterizationofthesoilmoistureintheschemeoftheLandSurfaceProcessModel(LSPM)forapplicationsoverdesertareas.Infact,inverydryconditions,thewatervapourfluxplaysanimportantroleintheevaporationprocessesandinfluencestheundergroundprofilesofhumidityandtemperature.TheimprovedversionofsoilmoistureparametcrizationintheLSPMschemehasbeencheckedbyusingthedatatakenfromthedatabaseofthefieldexperimentHAPEX-Sahel(Hydrology-AtmospherePilotExperimentintheSahel,1990-1992).ModelsimulationsrefertothreedifferentstationslocatedinNiger(Fallow,MilletandTigersites)whereinputdataforLSPMandobservationsweresimultaneouslyavailable.TheresultsofsimulationstakingintoaccountthewatervapourfluxinthesoilmodelLSPM,seemtocomparebetterwiththeobservedbehaviourofsoilmoistureandturbulentheatfluxesthanthoseoverlookingthewatervapourflux,confirmingthegreatimportanceofthewatervapourinsuchdryconditions.

简介：ThisworkinvestigatesthedistributionofhighwindsaboveBeaufortscale6intheoffshorezonesofChinausinghigh-resolutionsatellitemeasurements.AnumericalexperimentiscarriedoutinordertofindouttheeffectsofTaiwanIslandontheformationofstrongwinds.Theanalysisindicatesthatthedistributionofhighwindoccurrenceissimilartothatoftheaveragewindvelocityinwinter.Highwindstendtobeanchoredinspecialtopographicalregions,suchastheTaiwanStrait,theBashiChannelandthesoutheastcoastofVietnam.HighwindsoccurmuchmorefrequentlyoverthewarmerthanthecolderflankofKuroshiofrontasitmeandersfromTaiwantoJapan.Thefrequencyofhighwindsdecreasesdrasticallyinspring.TheTaiwanStraitmaintainsthelargesthighwindoccurrence.Besides,highwindsremainfrequentintheBashiChannel,thesoutheasttipofTaiwanIslandandthewarmerflankofKuroshiofront.Insummer,highwindsgenerallyoccurinfrequentlyexceptoverabroadregionoffthesoutheastcoastofVietnamnear10°Nandthefrequencytheredecreasesfromsouthwesttonortheast.HighwindsaroundTaiwanIslandpresentnearaxisymmetricdistributionwithlargerfrequencyalongsoutheast-northwestdirectionandsmallerfrequencyalongsouthwest-northeastdirection.Thedominantdirectionofhighwindsexhibitsacounterclockwisecirculationsurroundingtheisland.Thefrequencyofhighwindsincreasesrapidlyinautumnandalmostrepeatsthedistributionthatappearsinwinter.ThesimulationresultssuggestthattheeffectsofTaiwanIslandtopographyonhighwindsvarywithseasons.Inwinter,topographyisthemajorcauseofhighwindsinthesurroundingoceaniczones.HighwindsinbothTaiwanStraitandthesoutheastcorneroftheislanddisappearandthefrequencydecreasesgraduallyfromsouthtonorthwhentheterrainisremoved.However,insummer,highwindfrequencyderivedfromtwosimulationswithandwithoutterrainisalmostidentical.Weattributethisphenomenontothefactorswhicharerespon

简介：

简介：BasedondataofradiationfogeventsinXuanen,Hubeiprovince,2010,thispaperanalyzesthemicrophysicalprocessandevolutioncharacteristicsofradiationfogswithcomplicatedsubstrateintheupperandmiddlereachesoftheYangtzeRiver,andcomparesthemwithfindingsinotherareas.Resultsareasfollows:radiationfoginXuanenisevidentlyweakerindropletnumberconcentrationandliquidwatercontentthanlandfogsinotherareas.Itsliquidwatercontentfluctuatesobviously,0.01g/m3withvisibilityof1,000meters,whichisquitedifferentfromthatinurbanareas,butsimilartotheNanlingMountains.Bi-modaldropletdistributionislikelytooccurinXuanenmountainradiationfog(MRF)events.StatisticalanalysisshowsthattheobserveddropletsizedistributioncanbepiecewisedescribedwellbytheGammadistribution.Thereisapositivecorrelationbetweenliquidwatercontent,fogdropletconcentrationandmeanradius,especiallyinthedevelopmentanddissipationstage.CondensationgrowthanddropletevaporationaremajorprocessesofXuanenMRF.Thedissipationtimecoincidedwiththetimewhenthegrasstemperaturereachedthepeakvalue,whichindicatedthatdewevaporationisakeyroleinmaintainingXuanenMRF.Intheearlystageofdensefog'sgrowth,dropletswithdiameterofover20micrometerscanbeobservedwithvisibilityof800-1,000m,whichmightbecausedbythetransportationoflowclouddropletstoearth'ssurfacebyturbulence.Bigdropletsintheinitialstagecorrespondtohigherwatercontent,leadingtothehigherobservedvalueofwatercontentofXuanenMRF.

简介：TheKotoda-Bortan(KB)model(LiuandKotoda1998)usedforestimatingevapotranspirationwasmodified.ThemonthlyevapotranspirationforvarioussurfacesintheYangtzeDelta(118-123■,28-33■)wascalculatedusingthemodifiedmodel,andtheannualregionalaverageofevapotranspirationfrom1961to1998wasobtainedusingaweightingmethod.Thespatialandtemporaldistributioncharacteristicsofevapotranspirationwereanalyzed.Itisfoundthattheregionalaveragedannualevapotranspirationhasadecreasingtrendoverthepast40years;thevaluedroppedbyabout24mmfrom1961to1998.Themainreasonforthistendencyisduetothechangeoflandsurfacecondition.Comparedwiththecaseof1980,thecurrentproportionsofpaddyfield,farmlandandwatersurfacehavedecreasedby1.353%,4.42%and2.597%respectively,whiletheproportionsofurbanareaandnon-agriculturelandhaveincreasedby3.345%.Thesechangesclearlyresultinadecreaseoftheregionalaveragedevapotranspiration.

简介：TheworkisageneralsurveyusingSSTAdataoftheIndianOceanandofprecipitationat160Chineseweatherstationsover1951～1997(47years).ItrevealsthatthedipoleoscillationofSST,especiallythedipoleindexofMarch～May,intheeasternandwesternpartsoftheoceancorrelateswellwiththeprecipitationduringtheJune～AugustrainingseasoninChina.Asshowninanalysisof500-hPaNorthernHemispheregeopotentialheightheightbyNCEPfor1958～1995,theIndianOceandipoleindex(IODI)iscloselyrelatedwithgeopotentialheightanomaliesinthemiddle-andhigher-latitudesintheEurasianregion.AsanegativephaseyearofIODIcorrespondstosignificantPacific-Japan(PJ)wavetrain,itishighlylikelythattheSSTforthedipolemayaffecttheprecipitationinChinathroughthewavetrain.Additionally,correlationanalysisoflinksbetweenSSTdipoleindexoftheIndianOceanregionandairtemperatureinChinaalsoshowsgoodcorrelationbetweentheformerandwintertimetemperatureinsouthernChina.

简介：海表面温度异例(SSTA)对全球天气和气候的产生施加大影响。许多进步与印度洋相对照在太平洋区域关于SSTA被取得了。IAP9L模型，在科学的中国学院的大气的物理的研究所被开发，被用来在亚洲的季风区域在一般发行量和天气/气候异例上模仿印度洋SSTA的影响。这被发现温暖(凉爽)在印度洋的赤道的低纬度的SSTA在类似于PNA或EAP的北半球的中间、更高的纬度触发冬季(夏天)teleconnection模式。他们在亚洲夏天季风区域的中间、更低的纬度在循环或天气和气候的异例起一个很重要的作用。与温暖(凉爽)在印度洋强迫的SSTA，亚洲夏天季风建立在一迟了(早)日期并且撤退在一早(迟了)日期，持续一短(长)持续时间在一弱(强壮)紧张。印度洋SSTA被显示是为在中国的降水变化的指示物。

简介：用1的真实分析数据?巬？？

简介：

简介：

简介：WhensupertyphoonSepatcameclosetotheFujiancoastlineonthenightof18August2007(codedas0709inChineseconvention),anassociatedtornado-likeseverestormdevelopedat2307–2320BeijingStandardTimeinLonggang,CangnanCounty,WenzhouPrefecture,ZhejiangProvinceapproximately300kmawayintheforwarddirectionofthetyphoon.Thestormcausedheavylossesinlivesandproperty.Studyingthebackgroundoftheformationofthestorm,thispaperidentifiessomeofitstypicalcharacteristicsafteranalyzingitsretrievalofDopplerradardata,verticalwindshearandsoon.Synopticconditions,suchasunstableweatherprocessesandTBB,arealsostudied.

简介：用大气的研究(NCEP/NCAR)和在冬季期间聚集的客观地分析的由空至海的热流动(OAFlux)的环境研究/公民中心的国家中心的每月的分析数据，单个向量分解(SVD)分析被进行揭示在在北方太平洋上在500hPa(Z500)加热异例和geopotential高度的自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流水兵之间的联合模式。第一个SVD模式证明当加热异例的北自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流水兵是积极的时，在北方太平洋的中央、西方的节的Z500是反常地低的。由填写气象学的领域异例在积极(或否定)年，这被揭示了当时阿留申群岛之土人低加深(或shallows)，在西北弯屈自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流加强的overlying(或变弱)并且导致近表面的空气凉爽(或温暖)。而且，这增加(或减少)向上的热流动异例并且冷却(或温暖)海表面温度(SST)因此。在自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流和它的下游的区域的附近，沿着纬度的空气温度的垂直结构是baroclinic；然而，geopotential高度是相等地barotropic，哪个礼品凉爽的马槽(或温暖的山脉)空间结构。分叉的风和垂直速度被介绍显示出异常带的发行量房间。这些被升起描绘(或下降)在中央诺思太平洋的空气，它向西流动并且向上面的对流层东方，下降(或上升)在自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流并且在北美洲的西方的节，然后加强(或变弱)中间纬度的带的房间(MZC)。

简介：ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＷＩＴＨＡＮＯＰＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＭＯＤＥＬＦＯＲＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＹＰＨＯＯＮＴＲＡＣＫＳＯＶＥＲＴＨＥＳＯＵＴＨＣＨＩＮＡＳＥＡＲＥＧＩＯＮ￥ＷａｎｇＫａｎｇｌｉｎｇ，ＨｅＡｎｇｕｏ...

简介：用为时期的NCEP/NCAR分析数据19572001，季节的转变在亚洲澳大利亚人的季风区域大规模垂直地综合的潮湿运输(VIMT)展示的climatological在这篇论文被调查。到夏天的从冬季的VIMT的季节的转变的基本特征是夏日的建立“大潮湿河”模式(说出GMR模式)并且它的东方扩大，与发生在“一些关键时期”的一系列climatological事件联系了，它在中间的5月在中间的三月，在在迟了的4月的斯里兰卡附近的低VIMT旋涡的活动，和华南海夏季风的发作在印度支那半岛上包括著名南方的VIMT的出现，在其它之中。在到冬季的从夏天的转变期间，然而，特征被建立主要展出在东方位于热带区域的VIMT带，由发生在“关键时期”的一些事件伴随了。当在季节的变化过程期间从西的VIMT的南方的迁居看了时，进一步的分析揭示印第安人和东方亚洲季风区域之间的大差别，根据哪个亚洲季风区域能容易沿着印度支那半岛的西方的方面被划分成二部分，它可以也表示在二个区域之间的不同形成机制。