简介：Thesupportγ-Al2O3wastreatedwith1-methylnaphthaleneasthemodelreactantbyrespectivelyusingthechemicalstaticadsorptionmethodandtheacceleratedcokingmethodtostudythecokingsitesofγ-Al2O3surface.Thecarbonspeciesformedonγ-Al2O3surfacewereanalyzedbyCAT-CS,TG-MS,IR-OH,andPy-IRtechniques.TheresultsofcharacterizationbyCAT-CSandTG-MStechniquesindicatedthatthecarbonspeciesformedduringthechemicalstaticadsorptionprocessismainlycomposedofthereversiblyadsorbedcokeprecursorswithalowly-condensedstate,whilethatformedaftertheacceleratedcokingprocessisprobablyrelatedwiththeirreversiblyadsorbedcokedepositswithahighly-condensedstate.TheresultsofcharacterizationbyIR-OHandPy-IRtechniquesfurtherimpliedthattheformationofthetwokindsofcarbonspecies,i.e.,cokeprecursorsandcokedeposits,arecloselyrelatedwiththebasichydroxylgroupsandthestrongLewisacidsitesonγ-Al2O3surface.Theresultsleadtoadeepinsightintothecokingmechanismonthealuminasurface.

简介：Waterqualityiscriticaltoensurethatmarineresourcesandtheenvironmentareutilizedinasustainablemanner.TheobjectiveofthisstudyisthereforetoinvestigatetheoptimumplacementofmarineenvironmentalmonitoringsitestomonitorwaterqualityinShanghai,China.Toimprovethemappingorestimationaccuracyoftheareaswithdifferentwaterqualitygrades,themonitoringsiteswerefixedintransitionbandsbetweenareasofdifferentgradesratherthaninotherpositions.Followingbidirectionaloptimizationmethod,first,18candidatesiteswereselectedbyfilteringoutspecificsitecategories.Second,threeofthesewere,inturn,eliminatedbecauseoftheruledefinedbythechangesintheareasofwaterqualitygradesandbythestandarddeviationoftheinterpolationerrorsofdissolvedinorganicnitrogen（DIN）andphosphate（PO_4-P）.Furthermore,indicatorkrigingwasemployedtodepictthetransitionbandsbetweendifferentwaterqualitygradeswhenevernewsamplingsiteswereadded.Thefouroptimizationprojectsofthenewlyaddedsitesrevealthat,alloptimizedsitesweredistributedinthetransitionbandsofdifferentwatergrades,andatthesametimeintheareaswherethehistoricalsitesweresparselydistributed.Newsiteswerealsofoundintheoverlapregionofdifferenttransitionbands.Additionalsiteswereespeciallyrequiredintheseregionstodiscriminatetheboundariesofdifferentwaterqualitygrades.Usingthebidirectionaloptimizationmethodofthemonitoringsites,theboundariesofdifferentwaterqualitygradescouldbedeterminedwithahigherprecision.Asaresult,theinterpolationerrorsofDINandPO_4-Pcouldtheoreticallydecrease.

简介：Sacredsitesarethepreferredspaceforritualperformancesandidentityconstructionfromwhichtheissueofsensitivestructures,distinctivefeatures,individualinterpretationsandsymbol,andmeaningemanates.TheimportanceofMotouleng,Mautse,andMantsopacaves(EasternFreeState,SA)fordifferentreligiouspersuasions,indigenousknowledge,andancestralvenerationofAfricansandtraditionalhealerswillbeinvestigatedamongstthefollowing:namely,howsacredsitesareexemplificationsofAfricanindigenousreligion;whytheyformlocationsofculturalandspiritualexpression,andwhytheymayberegardedaspertinentnodesofidentityconstructioninavibrantchangingSouthAfricansociety.Thispaperexploresthewayinwhichinterpersonalexperiencesofthecavedwellersshapetheirsenseofselfandtheconflicttheyencounterinthecontextofinteraction,whereidentitiesareconstructedanddeconstructedinvariousways.Thispaperprovidesadetailedpersonalexperienceandexaminationoftheparticipant’slifeworldonvariousissuespertainingtocontestationandidentityconstructionatthesacredspaceoftheEasternFreeState.Theexistenceofthesesitesposesanumberofchallengestocavedwellers,landowners,andheritagepractitionersandtocontinuedpreservation,management,anditsrestoration.Crucialtothisdebateishowthesesitescouldbeprotectedbothphysicallyandlegally.

简介：TheregularvariationsinmagmaticactivitiesalongtheNorthwestPacificplatehavebeenlittlestudiedinspiteoftheirimportance.Inthiscontribution,systematicanalyseswereconductedontholeiiticbasaltsfromthreeOceanDrillingProgramsites（Sites304,1149,and801）,includingthepetrographicfeatures,majorandtraceelements,Ndisotopiccompositions,andmineralstructureandcompositionsofwholerocks.VolcanicrocksfromSites304,1149,and801belongtotholeiitesandexhibitdepletedlightrareearthelements（LREE）,largeionlithophileelementalcontents（LILE）,andrelativelydepletedNdisotopicratios（143Nd/144Nd=0.513139-0.513211）,similartothoseofnormalmid-oceanridgebasalts（N-MORB）.Comprehensivedataonmineralcompositions,whole-rockgeochemistry,andgeochronologydemonstratethataregularvariationtrendexistsinthenorth-southdirectionalongtheNorthwestPacificplate.The143Nd/144Ndvalues（0.513139-0.513211）andtrace-elementratiosforwholerocks（Sm/Th=15.35-30.00;Zr/Hf=28.53-35.76;Zr/Y=2.58-3.67;Th/La=0.04-0.06;Th/Y=0.33-0.70）,aswellasthetrace-elementratios（Zr/Hf,La/Yb,Ti/Zr）ofclinopyroxenesfromSites1149and801tholeiitesshowlargervariationscomparedtothosefromSite304tholeiites（143Nd/144Nd=0.513185-0.513195;Sm/Th=18.19-20.58;Zr/Hf=31.07-33.26;Zr/Y=2.62-3.03;Th/La=0.05-0.06;Th/Y=0.48-0.57）.MineralzoningtextureswereobviousintholeiitesfromSites1149and801butwererarelyobservedinSite304.Theseregularfeatureswerelikelyattributedtothedifferencesintheheterogeneityofthemagmasource,theprocessofmagmatieevolution,theplate-spreadingrate,andtheeffectiveandineffectivemixing.

简介：Background:Themainobjectiveofthisstudywastoexaminetheclimaticsensitivityoftheradialgrowthresponseof13easternwhitepine(PinusstrobusL.)provenancesplantedatseventestsitesthroughoutthenorthernpartofthespecies’nativedistributionineasternNorthAmerica.Methods:Thetestsites(i.e.,Wabeno,Wisconsin,USA;Manistique,Michigan,USA;PineRiver,Michigan,USA;Newaygo,Michigan,USA;TurkeyPoint,Ontario,Canada;Ganaraska,Ontario,Canada;andOrono,Maine,USA)examinedinthisstudywerepartofarange-widewhitepineprovenancetrialestablishedintheearly1960sintheeasternUnitedStatesandCanada.Principalcomponentsanalysis(PCA)wasusedtoexaminethemainmodesofvariation[first(PC1)andsecond(PC2)principalcomponentaxes]inthestandardizedradialgrowthindicesoftheprovenancesateachtestsite.TheyearscoresforPC1andPC2wereexaminedinrelationtoanarrayoftestsiteclimatevariablesusingmultipleregressionanalysistoexaminethecommonalityofgrowthresponseacrossallprovenancestotheclimateofeachtestsite.ProvenanceloadingsonPC1andPC2werecorrelatedwithgeographicparameters(i.e.,latitude,longitude,elevation)andasuiteofbiophysicalparametersassociatedwithprovenanceoriginlocation.Results:TheamountofvariationinradialgrowthexplainedbyPC1andPC2rangedfrom43.4%to89.6%.Dendroclimaticmodelsrevealedthatwhitepineradialgrowthresponsestoclimatewerecomplexanddifferedamongsites.Thekeydendroclimaticrelationshipsobservedincludedsensitivitytohightemperatureinwinterandsummer,coldtemperatureinthespringandfal(i.e.,beginningandendofthegrowingseason),summermoisturestress,potentialsensitivitytostorminduceddamageinspringandfal,andbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsofhigherwintersnowfal.Separationoftheloadingsofprovenancesonprincipalcomponentaxeswasmainlyassociatedwithtemperature-relatedbioclimaticparametersofprovenanceoriginat5ofth

简介：Treeimprovementprogramsonloblollypine(Pinustaeda)inthesoutheasternUSAhasfocusedprimarilyonimprovinggrowth,form,anddiseasetolerance.However,duetotherecentreductionofdesignvaluesforvisuallygradedsouthernyellowpinelumber(includingloblollypine),attentionhasbeendrawntothematerialqualityofgeneticallyimprovedloblollypine.Inthisstudy,weusedthetime-of-flight(TOF)acoustictooltoassesstheeffectofgeneticfamiliesondiameter,slenderness,fiberlength,microfibrilangle(MFA),velocityanddynamicstiffnessestimatedusinggreendensity(DMOEG)andbasicdensity(DMOEB)of14-year-oldloblollypinestandsselectedfromtwosites.Allthe184and204treesoftheselectedeighthalf-sibgeneticfamiliesonsites1and2respectivelyweretestedusingTOFacoustictool,andtwo5mmcoresamplestakenatbreastheightlevel(1.3m)usedtofortheanatomicalandphysicalpropertiesanalysis.TheresultsindicatedasignificantpositivelinearrelationshipbetweendynamicMOEs(DMOEGandDMOEB)versustreediameter,slenderness,andfiberlengthwhiledynamicMOEsnegativelybutnonsignificantcorrelatedwithMFA.WhiletherewasnosignificantdifferenceinDMOEBbetweensites;velocity2forsite1wassignificantlyhigherthansite2butDMOEGwashigherforsite2thansite1.Again,themeanDMOEGandDMOEBreportedinthepresentstudypresentsasnapshotoftheexpectedstaticMOEforgreenand12%moistureconditionsrespectivelyforloblollypine.Furthermore,thereweresignificantdifferencesbetweenfamiliesformostofthetraitsmeasuredandthissuggeststhatforestmanagershavetheopportunitytoselectfamiliesthatexhibitthedesiredfibermorphologyforfinalproductperformance.Lastly,sincethedynamicMOEbasedongreendensity(DMOEG),basicdensity(DMOEB)andvelocity2presentdifferenceconclusions,practitionersofthistypeofacoustictechniqueshouldtakecarewhenextrapolatingresultsacrossthesites.