简介：Inthispaper,weprovethat,if0

简介：ObjectiveTostudytheroleofdiureticagentsintreatingsuddendeafness(SD)andexplorethepossibilityofendolymphatichydropsasapotentialcauseofSD.MethodsTwenty-eightSDcaseswerereviewed.In23cases,treatmentwasinitiatedwithroutineagents.Diureticagentswerelateraddedin8ofthesecasesthatfailedtorespondtoroutinetreatmentagents.Diureticagentswereincludedintheinitialtreatmentintherest5cases.Intotal,13casesreceiveddiureticsinadditiontoroutinetreatmentagentsand15casesreceivedconventionaltreatmentonly.ResultsInthe8caseswhoreceiveddiureticsafterfailedconventionaltreatments,4showedhearingimprovement,whereasall5casesinwhichdiureticswereincludedintheinitialtreatmentdemonstratedhearingimprovement.ConclusionTheseresultssuggestapossibleroleofendolymphatichydropsinthepathophysiologiccourseofSD.Diureticsshouldbeconsideredwhenclearindicationsexistwithnoconflictstoothermedicalconditions.

简介：

简介：Invoking45-yrdailyEuropeanCentreforMedium-rangeWeatherForecasts(ECMWF)reanalysisdata,firstlyallthesuddenstratosphericwarming(SSW)eventsareselectedintheseyears,whichcanbeclassifiedintotwocategories:downward-propagatingeventandnon-downward-propagatingevent.Andthen,basedonpotentialvorticitydistributiononisentropicsurfaces(IPV),temperaturefield,andzonalwindfield,adetaileddescriptionoftheSSWoccurringduringthewinter-spring(DecemberandthefollowingJanuary,February,March)in2000-01and2001-02isgiven.Finally,theevolvementofpolarvortexduringwarmingprocessandtheimpactofwarmingontropospherearediscussed.Itisfoundthat(1)thereisinter-decadalvariationforstratosphericwarmingphenomenon;(2)theSSWeventlastingfromlateJanuarytillearlyMarchin2001canpropagatedownwardtotroposphere;(3)duringthisSSW,thereiszonal-meaneasterlywindsinbothstratosphereandtroposphere;(4)thetwowarmingeventsduringDecember2001andMarch2002cannotpropagatedownwardtotroposphere,whilezonaleasterlywindsonlyappearinstratosphere;and(5)intheprocessofthetwotypesofwarming,alongandnarrowhigh-valueIPV'tongue'extendsoutfrommainpolarvortex,whichbreaksoutthegradientofIPV.Comparedwiththenon-downward-propagatingstratosphericwarmingcase,thehighestvalueofIPVdepartsfartherfrompoleandthe'tongue'islongerandnarrowerduringthedownward-propagatingwarmingevent.Pinchedbyanticyclonefrommiddlelatitude,thestratosphericpolarvortexwilldisplace,distortorbreakdown.Bycontrast,thechangeofpolarvortexisgreaterinthecourseofdownward-propagatingwarmingevent.Also,tropospherecirculationandpolarvortexevolveindifferentdegree,andusuallybothofthemgowithblocking,buttheaboveevolvementinthedownward-propagatingwarmingismoredistinct.

简介：煽动性的肠疾病(IBD)经常与象眼的神经炎那样的extraintestinal表明(EIM)被联系(在上)尽管这到目前为止在仅仅一些成年病人被描述了，所有谁与Crohns疾病(CD)被影响。而且，在上并且demyelinating疾病比的被表明了在IBD病人更经常在控制人口。在我们的当前的案例报告，我们与活跃CD描述一个孩子开发了突然的盲目由于在那上双边不与任何已知的原因有关，并且那即时对类固醇的高剂量作出回应。调查和临床的后续到目前为止在这个病人排除了demyelinating疾病的发展。到我们的知识，这是第一份报告在上在有CD的一个小儿科的病人。对这个案例的可能的解释包括活跃的肠疾病的阵发性的EIM，联系自体免疫的混乱例如一周期性孤立在上，多重硬化的第一表明，或能出现在以后的后续的另一demyelinating疾病。

简介：ObjectiveTostudyconcomitantsymptomsanddiseaseconditionsinsuddendeafness.MethodsClinicaldataof418casesofsuddendeafnesstreatedinthisdepartmentfrom2000to2007werereviewed.ResultsOfthe418cases,201weremalesand217werefemales.Rightearwasinvolvedin184casesandleftearin191cases.Bilateralinvolvementwasseenin43cases.Theaverageagewas44.1years.Tinnituswasreportedin369cases(88.3%)eitherbeforeorafterhearingloss,ofwhich64.5%wasoflowpitch,27.1%ofhighpitchand8.4%ofmixedtones.Constanttinnituswasreportedin83%ofthecases,andmuffledfeelingsin33.3%ofthecases.Hearinglosswastheonlycomplaintin221cases(52.9%).Dizzinesswasreportedin77cases(18.4%)andvertigoattacksin120cases(28%).Hypertension,coronaryarterydiseaseanddiabeteswerefoundin19.6%of418casesandhyperlipidemiain54.5%of211cases.CTand/orMRIdatawereavailablein147cases,withpositivefindingsin18cases(12.3%):2withacousticneuroma(1.36%);4withemphraxisinthebasalganglia,cerebellum,temporallobeorparietallobe,and12withpoorpneumatizationofipsiorcontralateralmastoidcells.ConclusionInthiscaseseriesofsuddendeafness,low-pitchconstanttinnituswasacommoncomplaint.Mostofthestudiedcasespresentedwithsimplehearingloss.Vertigoattacksweremorecommonthandizzinessinthisgroupofpatients.Themostcommonconcomitantdisorderwashyperlipidemia,especiallyhightriglycerides.Imagingstudiesareimportantinmanagingsuddendeafnessinrulingoutacousticneuromaandotherintracranialdiseases.

简介：Yifeng(TE17),Tinghui(GB2),Zhongzhu(TE3)andXiaxi(GB43)wereselectedaskeyacupointsplushyperbaricoxygentotreat50casesofsuddendeafness,andthetotaleffectiveratewas98%.

简介：AbstractBackground:Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) refers to the sudden occurrence of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss. The present study showed that different systemic diseases had different influence on the occurrence and hearing outcome of SSHL. Thyroid hormone is one of the important factors for the development of fetal ear and auditory function. However, the distribution of thyroid dysfunction in SSHL patients and the effect of thyroid dysfunction on the occurrence and hearing outcome of SSHL has not been studied.Methods:In this study, a retrospective analysis had been done in 676 patients with SSHL. We had described the distribution of thyroid function in patients with SSHL in detail, and by the statistical method, analyzed the relationship between the hearing outcome and thyroid dysfunction, respectively.Results:In all patients, 24.41% (165/676) had abnormal thyroid function testing results. The onset age of SSHL in FT3 abnormal group (including low and high group) was younger than that in normal FT3 group. Recovery group had more patients with lower-than-normal T3 level as compared to non-recovery patients. Significant associations between T3 levels and hearing outcome were observed in the subgroup with longer time elapse between symptom onset and treatment (≥14 d).Conclusion:The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in SSHL is significantly higher than in the general population. There was obvious relationship between T3 and FT3 item of thyroid dysfunction and the onset time and hearing outcome of SSHL, which indicated that T3 or FT3 indicator may be one of the affecting factors for the SSHL. Early screening and diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction, especial T3 level, may help to evaluate the prognosis in SSHL patients.

简介：ObjectiveToevaluatetheeffectofdifferentprotocolsofintratympanicdexamethasoneinjectioninpatientswithunilateralsuddensensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL)whohavefailedtorespondtotypicalmedicaltreatment(includingsystemicsteroidtreatment).MethodsFromJanuary2005toJanuary2008,71patientswhowerediagnosedwithunilateralSSNHLandfailedtypicalmedicaltreatmentreceivedintratympanicdexamethasoneinjection.Fourinjectionprotocolswereemployed:injectionof0.3mldexamethasone(5mg/ml)threetimesaweekfor3weeksforatotaldoseof13.5mg(GroupI,n=16);injectionof0.6ml(5mg/ml)dexamethasonethreetimesaweekfor3weeksforatotaldoseof27mg(GroupII,n=18);injectionat0.3ml(5mg/ml)weekfor6weeksforatotaldoseof9mg(GroupIII,n=18);injectionat0.3ml(5mg/ml)/2daysforatotaldoseof4.5mg(GroupIVn=19).Hearingrecoverywasassessedbypuretoneaudiogram.ResultsThetotaleffectiveratewas37.5%,38.89%,33.33%and36.84%foreachtreatmentprotocol,respectively,withnostatisticaldifferencebetweenthem(P>0.05).Theresultssuggestthatatotaldoseof4.5mg(injectedonceaweekfor3weeks)isthemostadequateprotocol,andincreasingdoseorinjectionfrequencyyieldsnoadditionalbenefits.ConclusionIntratympanicdexamethasonesignificantlyimprovestheprognosisofSSNHL.Smalldoseatlowinjectionfrequencyissufficient.Furthermulticenterstudiesareneededtodeterminethestandardtreatmentprotocol.

简介：ObjectiveToexploretherelationshipbetweensuddensensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL)andvascularriskfactors(includingserumlipidsanduricacid).MethodThisisaretrospectiveanalysisof100casesofSSNHLseenattheDrumTowerHospital,NanjingMedicalUniversity,betweenJan.2007andApr.2008。Patienthistory,bloodtestresultsandimagingscanswereanalyzed.Levelsoftriglyceride(TG),cholesterols(CHO),highdensitylipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-CH),lowdensitylipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-CH),apolipoproteinAI(ApoAI),apolipoproteinB(ApoB)anduricacid(UA)fromthesepatientswerecomparedwithacontrolgroupof56patientstreatedforvocalcordpolypsornasalseptumdeviationduringthesameperiod.Patientswithhypertension,diabetes,heart,brain,liverorkidneydisordersareexcludedfromthepresentinvestigation.ResultsHDLCHlevelwashigherandUAlevellowerinthestudygroupthanthecontrolgroup(P<0.05).HDL-CHandUAshowednosignificantdifferencesamongdifferentage-groups(P>0.05).TherewerenosignificantdifferencesinthelevelsofTG,CHO,LDL-CH,ApoAIandApoB(P>0.05).ConclusionThesedataindicatethatmetabolicdisturbancesofserumlipidsand/oruricacidmaybepotentialriskfactorsforSSNHL

简介：

简介：IntroductionSuddensensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL)isdefinedasahearinglossofatleast30dBoverthreecontiguousfrequenciesoccurringinlessthan3days[1].VertigoandprofoundhearinglossareconsideredpoorprognosticfactorsinSSNHL[2-4].ThemostcommondiseasesassociatedwithvertigoinSSNHLincludeBPPV,vestibularneu-[3]

简介：

简介：Ashocktubeisusedtoinvestigatethebubbledynamicsundersuddendecreaseofambientpressure.Boththeoscillatingandmonotonouslygrowingbubblesweresimultaneouslyobserved.TheoreticalapproachisbasedontheRayleigh-PlessetandHerring'sequationsforincompressibleandcompressibleliquids,respectively.Consideringthelinearapproximationoftheseequationsforthequasiequilibriumstate,twocriticalWebernumbersaredefined.Theyenableonetopredictthefollowingmodesofthebubbleexpansion:(i)unboundedgrowth,(ii)asymptoticgrowthtolimitedvolumeand(iii)attenuatedoscillations,dependingonthepressureforce,viscosityandcompressibilityoftheliquid.

简介：到spanwise墙摆动(SWO)的突然的实现的狂暴的enstrophy的反应经由直接数字的模拟在狂暴的隧道流动被学习。在SWO的申请的开始，重要关联在y和z。狂暴的enstrophy的短暂生长发生，它直接提高狂暴的驱散并且漂流向一个新降低拖条件的狂暴的流动。以后，与拉长涡度有关的学期(x,y，和z),由\的y(\frac{\partialw}{\partialy}\)，由\的z的拐弯(\frac{\partialv\prime}{\partialz}\)，并且水平由\z砍(\frac{\partialw\prime}{\partialx}\)由于SWO的存在被压制，导致狂暴的enstrophy的变细。

简介：

简介：ObjectiveTocomparedifferenttreatmentprotocolsforsuddendeafness(SD),forthepurposeofidentifyinganappropriateapproachtoSD.MethodsAtotalof104patientswithdiagnosisofsuddenhearinglosstreatedfromJan2006toDecember2008wereincludedinthisstudy,ofwhich31receivedthetypicalpharmaceuticaltreatment(groupⅠ),40receivedthetypicalpharmaceuticaltreatmentpluspolarizedliquid(GroupⅡ)and33receivedthehyperbaricoxygeninadditiontothetreatmentincludedinGroupⅡ(GroupⅢ).ResultsThetotalimprovementrate(67.74%,62.50%and75.76%forGroupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢrespectively)wasnotstatisticallydifferentbetweenthethreegroups(P>0.05).ConclusionThethreetreatmentprotocolsaresimilarwhenjudgedbythetreatmentoutcomesinSD,neitherbeingsuperiortotheothers.Thetwoimportantfactorsthatappeartoinfluencetreatmentoutcomesaretheaudiogrampatternanddurationofhearinglossbeforeseekingtreatment.Patientswithupslopingorpeak-typeaudiogramsandtreatedwithin7daysfromtheonsethavebetterprognosisthanothers.

简介：Objective:ToevaluatetheefficacyandsafetyofintratympanicandsystemicsteroidtherapiesintheinitialtreatmentofSuddenSensorineuralHearingLoss(SSNHL)patients.Methods:AcomprehensivesearchofPubMed,WanfangdatabaseandCNKI(ChinaNationalKnowledgeInfrastructure)wasperformedcoveringtheperiodfromJanuary1990toJuly2014.Ameta-analysiswasconductedafterfilteringbythecriteriaofCochraneCollaboration.Threehundredfiftysixsubjectsinninestudiesallocatedtothegroupofintratympanicsteroidtherapiesand343controlsreceivingsystemicsteroidtherapiesmetthecriteriaformeta-analysis.ThedatawereextractedandanalyzedusingtheRevMan5.3meta-analysissoftware.Results:ThetotaleffectivenessrateinSSNHLpatientsreceivingintratympanicsteroidtherapiesdidnotdifferstatisticallyfrompatientsreceivingsystemictherapies(RR=1.08,95%CI=0.99-1.99,P=0.10),althoughtherateoffullhearingrecoveryinthisgroupdifferedsignificantlyfrompatientsreceivingsystemictherapies(RR=1.29,95%CI=1.00-1.66,P=0.05).Conclusion:LocalsteroidtherapyappearstogeneratehigherrateofcompletehearingrecoverythansystemicsteroidtreatmentasaninitialtreatmentforSSNHL,whichmaybeespeciallyusefulforpatientsinwhomsystemicsteroidsarecontraindicated.

简介：ObjectiveToestablishananimalmodelofsuddenonsetsensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL)tostudyitsmechanisms.MaterialsandmethodsTheinnerearwasexposedto3-nitropropionicacidat0.5mol/L(3-NP(H))and0.3mol/L(3-NP(L))throughtheroundwindowmembranefor30minutesin50maleguineapigs.Thresholdsofauditorybrainstemresponses(ABR)wereestablishedbeforethetreatmentandretestedat4hours,1day,3daysand6daysfollowing3-NPexposure.Controlanimalsweretreatedwithphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS)andtheirABRswereretestedat4hoursand1dayafterthetreatment.Animalsweremonitoredfornystagmusandposturalsignsofvestibulardysfunction,usingadigitalvideocamera,followingthetreatmentprocedure.Specimensweretakenat12hours,1day,3daysand7daysfollowing3-NP(H)exposureandembeddedinJB4forlightmicroscopyobservation.ResultsABRswerelostinallanimalstestedat4hoursfollowing3-NP(H)exposure.TherateofcompleteABRlossdecreasedaspost-treatmenttesttimeincreased.ABRswerelostin80%(4/5)oftheanimalsat1dayafterexposureto3-NP(L).Spontaneoushorizontalnystagmuswithafastphaseawayfromthetreatedeardevelopedinall3-NP(H)-treatedanimalsandin20%(1/5)oftheanimalsexposedto3-NP(L),exceptfortheonetreatedbilaterally.Variousdegreeofposturaldisturbancesconsistentwithunilateralvestibulardysfunction,suchasspontaneousbarrelrollingtowardstheexposuresidewhilewalking,wereseeninallanimalsexposedto3-NP(H)and40%(2/5)ofanimalsexposedto3-NP(L),exceptfortheoneanimaltreatedbilaterally,whichshowednosignsofimbalance.Bothnystagmusandposturaldisturbancesresolvedin2daysfollowing3-NPexposure.HistologicalstudyshowedtemporaryedematintheorganorCorti,Claudiuscellsandtheinnersulcuscells3daysafter3-NP(H)treatment.Enlargementofintercellularspaceinthespiralprominencewasfirstnoticedat12hourspost-3-NP(H)exposure,progressedatd

简介：Airentrainmentisknowntobeoneofefficientandinexpensivemethodstopreventcavitationdamagesinhydropowerprojects.Theshapeofsuddenexpansion-fallisusedasacommondeviceformitigatingcavitationerosions.Thecomplexflowpatternswithcavitationarenumericallysimulatedbyusingtherealizablek-εturbulencemodelandtheair-watermixturemodel.Thecalculatedresultsarecomparedwellwiththeexperimentalresultsaswellasthoseobtainedwiththek-εturbulencemodelwiththeVolumeOfFluid(VOF)Model.Thecalculatedresultsagreewellwiththeexperimentaldatafortheaerationcavityandwallpressure.Moreover,theairconcentrationnearsidewallissimulatedbyamixturemodel.ItisfoundthatthemixtureturbulencemodelissuperiortotheVOFturbulencemodel.