简介：AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a high propensity for regional metastases, however, the impact of such metastases on the outcome of the patients is minimal. The central compartment of the neck is considered the first and the most common echelon of metastases from thyroid carcinoma. Physical examination along with ultrasonography are the gold standard pre-operative evaluation of patients with PTC. Ultrasonography is highly sensitive in evaluating lateral neck nodes, however, its value in evaluating the central compartment is limited, resulting in a relatively high rate of occult metastases in this compartment. The main potential complications of para-tracheal neck dissection (PTND) are recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and hypocalcemia and these may be higher in patients undergoing PTND compared to thyroidectomy alone. New histological data is available showing no evidence of lymph nodes in the central compartment above a level parallel to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage. These findings support withholding dissection of the upper para-tracheal region routinely as a part of PTND in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. By doing that, the complications may be lower and identical to thyroidectomy alone, thus may abolish arguments against more common use of elective PTND in patients with thyroid carcinoma.

简介：Giventhehighincidenceofcervicallymphnodemetastasisindifferentiatedthyroidcancer(DTC)andtherapidlyincreasedimportanceofneckdissectioninDTC,thejournalofGlandSurgeryislaunchingaspecialissueon'NeckDissectioninDifferentiatedThyroidCarcinoma'inNovemberIssueof2013,

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简介：Itisfoundthatthereisanupper-limitcriticalpowerforself-guidedpropagationofintenselasersinplasmainadditiontothewell-knownlower-limitcriticalpowersetbytherelativisticeffect.Abovethisupper-limitcriticalpower,thelaserpulseexperiencesdefocusingduetoexpulsionoflocalplasmaelectronsbythetransverseponderomotiveforce.Associatedwiththeupper-limitpower,alower-limitcriticalplasmadensityisalsofoundforagivenlaserspotsize,belowwhichself-focusingdoesnotoccurforanylaserpower.Boththeupper-limitpowerandthelower-limitdensityarederivedtheoreticallyandverifiedbytwo-dimensionalparticle-in-cellsimulations.Thepresentstudyprovidesnewguidanceforexperimentaldesigns,whereself-guidedpropagationoflasersisessential.

简介：正在不同关于在东北西藏的高原上在上面的treelines限制Qilian杜松属(JuniperusprzewalskiiKom)的光线的生长的气候的因素的看法。在这研究，从在东北西藏的高原的Anyemaqen山的一个上面的treeline地点的树被选择介绍低温度限制Qilian杜松属的光线的生长的新证据。用没有信号的地区性的曲线标准化(SF-RCS)方法，为Qilian杜松属的一张戒指宽度年表被开发从广告1082～2010延长。在树戒指索引和仪器的气候的变量之间的关联分析的结果两个都显示出那冬季(在上一年的12月和当前的年里的1月)和夏天(当前的年里的7月和8月)温度显著地并且断然与树戒指索引被相关。在6月的降水显著地并且断然也与树戒指索引被相关，但是不象在控制树生长的低温度一样重要。测试为树限制气候的因素的钥匙在不同高度的光线的生长，指示物称为到上面的treeline(RDUT)的相对距离被开发确定代表性为森林收集了样品上面的treeline。RDUT证明上面20%森林带可以以在东北西藏的高原上在上面的treelines从树戒指宽度捕获温度信号是一条重要边界。我们的调查结果提高温度是在东北西藏的高原上的上面的treelines的限制因素的存在理解，并且将在在未来研究的过去的温度的重建有用。

简介：<正>Theauthorswouldliketoapologizeforanerrorfoundintheacknowledgementsectiononpage79.Theacknowledgementshouldread:ThisworkissupportedinpartbyNationalBasicResearchProgramofChina(GrantNo.2013CBA01501)andNational

简介：本课为北京版小学英语六年级上册第2单元'whathappenedtoyourneck'对话教学,谈论的是主人公Piggy因为午饭吃的太多,导致肚子疼去看医生这一话题。通过观看视频、师生对话、回答问题、伙伴交流、头脑风暴,情感体验,小组合作等一系列有效的语言活动调动学生的交流欲望和参与热情,从而不断发散学生的思维、拓展学生的思路,最终实现主动表达与真实语言输出的目的。

简介：Yamen(GV15)Location:0.5cundirectlyabovethemidpointoftheposteriorhairline.

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简介：Iatrogenicaortocoronarydissection(IACD)isararebutpotentiallylife-threateningcomplicationduringcoronarycatheterizations.Althoughtheincidencewasrelativelylow,thedissectionoftenleadstoprocedurefailurewithincreasedriskofmyocardialinfarctionanddeath.IACDismainlycausedbydisruptionofintimaattheostiaofleftorrightcoronaryarteryduringinterventionalprocedures,andappearsasluminalfillingdefectsorpersistenceofcontrast(“extraluminalcap”)orintimaltearoutsidethecoronarylumen.Dissectioncoulddisseminateantegradelyandleadtosubtotalortotalocclusionofthecoronarylumen.Similarly,itcouldextendretrogradelyintothesinusofValsalvaandcusp,oreventheascendingaorta,aorticarch,ordescendingaorta,leadingtohemodynamiccollapse.EarlyidentificationandpromptmanagementiscrucialtotheprognosisofpatientswithIACD.Immediatebail-outstentingshouldbeperformedasrapidlyaspossibleinmostcasesofseveredissection,evenwhensignificantpropagationhasalreadyoccurred.Surgeryshouldonlybeconsideredwhenstentingfailedtosealthedissectionandthepatientshadhemodynamiccompromise.

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简介：Theauthorsinvestigatetheglobalpropertiesofgeneralautonomoussystemsontheplaneandestablishcriteriaforthenonexistence,existenceanduniquenessoflimitcycles.Asapplicationexamples,thelimitcyclesforsomepolynomialsystemsarestudied.

简介：AccordingtothenewsfromChinaDaily,Chinaislikelytoagreetoaquantifiedtargettolimititsgreenhousegasemissionsafter2020.ButthisdependsontheoutcomeofclimatechangenegotiationsandChina’slevelofdevelopmentbythattime.Thisisthefirsttimethat

简介：<正>Inthispaperwegivethenecessaryandsufficientconditionsforallfinitecriticalpointsofquadraticdifferentialsystemstobeweakfoci,andsolveanopenproblemproposedbyYanqianYe.

简介：Accordingtothelower-boundtheoremoflimitanalysistheRigidFiniteElementMeth-od(RFEM)isappliedtostructurallimitanalysisandthelinearprogrammingsforlimitanalysisarededucedinthispaper.Moreover,theThermo-ParameterMethod(TPM)andParametricVariationalprinciples(PVP)areusedtoreducethecomputationaleffortwhilemaintainingtheaccuracyofsolutions.Abettersolutionisalsoobtainedinthispaper.

简介：Thispaperdealswiththelimitanalysesofperfectrigid-plasticcontinua.Basedonthekinematictheoremofthelimitanalysistheory,amathematicalprogrammingfiniteelementformulafordeterminingtheupperboundloadmultiplierhasbeenestablished,andaniterationalgorithmproposedaccordingly.Inthisalgorithmtheplasticandrigidzonesaredistinguishedforeveryiterationstep,andthegoalfunctionismodifiedgradually.Thedifficultiescausedbythenonsmoothnessofthegoalfunctionareover-come.Someexamplessolvedbythisalgorithmarepresented.

简介：SupposethatEandFareseparableBanachspaces,XandYareindependentsymmetricEandF-valuedrandomvectorsrespectively.ThispaperisdevotedtothestudyofthecentrallimittheoremforX（○×）YintheinjoctiveandprojectivetensorproductspacesE（∨○×）FandE（∧○×）F.Specialattentionispaidtoι2（∧○×）ι2.Inaddition,twocounter-examplesaregiven.