简介：Triple-negativebreastcancer(TNBC)isdiagnosedmorefrequentlyinyoungerandpremenopausalwomenandishighlyprevalentinAfricanAmericanwomen.TNBCisatermderivedfromtumorsthatarecharacterizedbytheabsenceofER,PgR,andHER2.SopatientswithTNBCdonotbenefitfromhormonalortrastuzumab-basedtherapies.TNBCsarebiologicallyaggressive,althoughsomereportssuggestthattheyrespondtochemotherapybetterthanothertypesofbreastcancer,prognosisremainspoor.Thisisdueto:shorteneddisease-freeintervalintheadjuvantandneoadjuvantsettingandamoreaggressivecourseinthemetastaticsetting.

简介：

简介：Next-generationsequencing(NGS)hasbeenrapidlyintegratedintomolecularpathology,dramaticallyincreasingthebreadthgenomicofinformationavailabletooncologistsandtheirpatients.Thisreviewwillexplorethewaysinwhichthisnewtechnologyiscurrentlyappliedtobolstercareforpatientswithsolidtumorsandhematologicalmalignancies,focusingonpracticesandguidelinesforassessingthetechnicalvalidityandclinicalutilityofDNAvariantsidentifiedduringclinicalNGSoncologytesting.

简介：BackgroundSpinalpainisaserioushealthandsocial-economicproblem.Endoscopicspinesurgeryasatreatmentoptionforspinalpainhasgainedtremendousattentionandgrowthinthepast2decades,andavarietyofendoscopictechniqueshavebeeninventedtotreatawiderangeofspinalconditions.PurposesThepurposesofthis2-partreviewarticleareto1)overviewthepublishedtechniquesofendoscopicspinesurgery,2)summarizetheapplicationsofthesetechniquesintreatingvariousspinalconditions,and3)evaluatetheclinicalevidenceofthesafetyandeffectivenessoftheseendoscopictechniquesintreatingsomeofthemostcommonspinalconditions.Thefirstpartofthereviewarticleprovidesanoverviewofcurrentlymostcommonlyusedtechniques.MethodsWesearchedthePubMeddatabaseforpublicationsconcerningendoscopicspinesurgeryandreviewedtherelevantarticlespublishedintheEnglishlanguage.ResultsDiscectomyandforaminotomyarethemostcommontypesofspinesurgerythatcancurrentlybedoneendoscopically.Endoscopictechniqueshavebeenusedtotreatawiderangeofspinaldisorderslocatedinthelumbar,cervical,aswellasthethoracicregionsofthespine.

简介：Allogeneicstemcelltransplantation(allo-SCT)isapotentialcureforpatientswithmalignantlymphomathatisbasedonthegraft-versus-lymphoma(GVL)effect.Myeloablativeconditioningallo-SCTisassociatedwithhighmortalityandmorbidity,particularlyinpatientsolderthan45years,heavilypretreatedpatients(priorhematopoieticstemcelltransplantationormorethantwolinesofconventionalchemotherapy)orpatientsaffectedbyothercomorbidities.Therefore,conventionalallo-SCTisrestrictedtoyoungerpatients(<50to55years)ingoodphysicalcondition.Overthelastdecade,allo-SCTwithreduced-intensityconditioning(RIC-allo-SCT)hasbeenincreasinglyusedtotreatpatientswithlymphoma.Thistreatmentisassociatedwithlowertoxicityandsubstantialdecreaseintheincidenceoftransplant-relatedmortality,andhasthepotentialtoleadtolong-termremissions.Therefore,patientswhoarenotsuitabletoundergoconventionalallo-SCTcanbenefitfromthepotentiallycurativeGVLeffectsofallo-SCT.AlthoughRIC-allo-SCThasimprovedthesurvivaloflymphomapatients,highpost-transplantrelapseratesordiseaseprogressionmainlyresultsintreatmentfailure.Thus,furtherimprovementisclearlyneeded.TheroleandtimingofRIC-allo-SCTinthetreatmentoflymphomaremainsunclear.Therefore,moreprospectivestudiesshouldclarifytheeffectivenessofthismethod.Inthisarticle,wereviewtherecentliteratureonRIC-allo-SCTasatreatmentformajorlymphomasubtypes.Areasthatrequirefurtherinvestigationinthecontextofclinicaltrialsarealsohighlighted.