简介：AbstractThe syncytiotrophoblast, a fused single-cell layer between mother and fetus, constitutively releases extracellular vesicles (STBEV) directly into the maternal circulation. STBEV contain a variety of proteins and RNA which can be targeted to specific cells. In preeclampsia, asymptomatic placental oxidative stress is a precursor to later multi-organ dysfunction in the mother. Increased STBEV release in preeclampsia is considered a manifestation of syncytiotrophoblast stress, which may play a key role in signaling between fetus and mother. STBEV release in preeclampsia changes, both in terms of volume and content. In this review, we outline the latest advances in STBEV isolation and detection. We consider evidence for differential STBEV release, protein cargo and RNA content in preeclampsia, highlighting common pitfalls in study design. We summarise studies to date demonstrating STBEV actions on target cells. Ultimately, we consider how STBEV fit into the pathophysiology of the heterogeneous syndrome of preeclampsia. The key unifying concept in early- and late-onset preeclampsia is syncytiotrophoblast stress. We submit that STBEV are the key stress signal in preeclampsia. We believe that further investigation of STBEV release, content, and actions may offer valuable insights into preeclampsia pathophysiology and potential new clinical diagnostics and therapeutic targets.

简介：Bytheuseofthe3/2powerlawpresentedbyTobacombinedwiththesignificantwaveenergybalanceequationforwindwave,windwavegrowthatalimitedfetchisanalyticallyinvestigated.Thenewwindwavegrowthrelations(WWGRs)areanalyticallyderivedwithshelteringcoefficientandwinddragcoefficientasparameters.Thegeometricalaverageofobservationalvaluesofshelteringcoefficientandthearithmeticaverageofobservationalvaluesofwinddragco-efficientareappliedtodeterminethenewWWGRs.ComparisonswithexistingempiricalWWGRsaremade.

简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofbio-derivedbones,assubstitutesofautogenousbonegraftsanddemineralizedcadaverbones,ontheattachment,spreadingandproliferationofisolatedosteoblasts.Methods:Osteoblastswereisolatedfromthecalvariaofafetalrabbitthroughsequentialcollagenasedigestion.Intheattachmentstudy,theosteoblastslabeledwith3H-leucinewereincubatedwiththebio-derivedbonematerialsinsterilemicrocentrifugaletubesfor15,90and180minutes,and24hours,respectively.Theattachedcellswerecollectedandtheradioactivitywasmeasuredwithliquidscintillationspectrometry.Intheproliferationstudy,theosteoblastswereculturedwiththebio-derivedbonematerialsfor24hoursand3H-thymidinewasaddedduringthelast2hoursoftheincubation.Theattachedcellswerecollectedandtheradioactivitywasmeasuredwithliquidscintillationspectrometry.Osteoblastswereseededonthebonegraftmaterialsfor60or120minutes,24or48hours,and3or7days,thentheco-culturewasprocessedforscanningelectronmicroscopytoobservetheinteractionofosteoblastsandthebio-derivedbonematerials.Results:Osteoblastsattachedtothebio-derivedbonematerialsinatime-dependentmanner.Thereweresignificantly(P<0.05)moreattachedcellsafter180minutesthanafter15and90minutesofincubations(P<0.05).Osteoblastswereproliferatedinalargeamountonthesurfaceandinthematerials.Osteoblastsseededonto100mgbio-derivedbonesresultedinsignificantly(P<0.05)moremeasurableproliferationthanthoseseededonto10mgbones.Osteoblastsappearedroundastheyattachedtothematerials,thenflattenedandspreadoverwithtimepassing.Conclusions:Bio-derivedbonescanprovideagoodenvironmentfortheattachmentandproliferationofosteoblasts.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheculturemethodofskin-derivedprecursors(SKPs)andtoexploreanewcellsourceforcelltransplantationofcentralnervoussystem.Methods:Cellsfromskinsofjuvenileandadultmicewereisolatedandculturedinserum-freemedium.Amechanicalmethodwaschosentopassagethesecellsandtheywereidemifiedbytheimmunocytochemistryassay.Results:SKPscouldbeisolatedfromadultandneonatalskins.Theycouldbemaintainedinvitroforlongperiodswithstableproliferation,andexpandedasundifferentiatedcellsincultureformorethan12passages.About50％ofSKPsexpressednestinandmajorityofthesecellsexpressedfibronectinwhentheywereplatedonpolyornithineandlaminincoatedplates.About5％cellsshowedneuronaldifferentiationandexpressedneurofilament-M(NF-M)andNSEwhenSKPswereplatedinserun-containingmedium,andthesecellscouldalsodifferentiateintoadipocytesandfibroblast-likecells.Conclusions:Thedatasupportthehypothesisthatadultskincontainsstemcellscapableofdifferentiatingintoneurons,adipocytes,andfibroblast-likecells.TheymayrepresentanalternativeautologousstemcellsourceforCNScelltransplantation.

简介：Withinthenervoussystem,regenerationislimited,andthisisduetothesmallamountofneuralstemcells,theinhibitoryoriginofthestemcellnicheandoftentothedevelopmentofascarwhichconstitutesamechanicalbarrierfortheregeneration.Regardingtheseaspects,manyeffortshavebeendoneintheresearchofacellcomponentthatcombinedwithscaffoldsandgrowthfactorscouldbesuitablefornervousregenerationinregenerativemedicineapproaches.Autologousmesenchymalstemcellsrepresentnowadaystheidealcandidateforthisaim,thanktotheirmultipotencyandtotheiramountinsideadulttissues.However,issuesintheirharvesting,throughtheuseofinvasivetechniques,andproblemsinvolvedintheirageing,requiretheresearchofnewautologoussources.Tothispurpose,therecentdiscoveryofastemcellscomponentinteeth,andwhichderivefromneuralcrestcells,hascametothelightthepossibilityofusingdentalstemcellsinnervoussystemregeneration.Inthiswork,inordertogiveguidelinesontheuseofdentalstemcellsforneuralregeneration,webrieflyintroducetheconceptsofregenerationandregenerativemedicine,wethenfocustheattentiononodontogenesis,whichinvolvestheformationandthepresenceofastemcomponentindifferentpartsofteeth,andfinallywedescribesomeexperimentalapproacheswhichareexploitingdentalstemcellsforneuralstudies.

简介：Mineralogical,physicalandchemicalanalysesofthesoilsderivedfromXiashuloesswerecarriedout.Theprimarymineralsofthesesoilswerefoundtobemainlycomposedoflightminerals,suchasquartz,feldsparandmica,withtracesofheavyminerals.Clayminerals,morecomplicateincomposition,weredominatedbyhydromica,accompaniedbysmectite,vermiculite,chlorite,kaolinite,2:1/1:1randomlyinterstratifiedmineralsandsmallamountsofquartz,goethite,lepidocrociteandhematite,Claymineralswerecharacterizedbylowcrystallinityandfineparticlesize.Inlightofthequartz/feldsparsratioofthe0.01-0.05mmsiltfraction,andtheclaymineralcomposition,thefreenessofironoxide,andthesilica/sesquioxideandsilica/aluminaratiosin<0.002mmclayfraction,itisconcludedthattheweatheringintensityofthesesoilswaslowerthanthoseofredsoilandyellowearth,buthigherthanthatofbrownearth,andthatthesoilallitization,depotassicationandhydroxylationofclaymineralsincreasedfromwesttoeastandfromnorthtosouthgeographically.However,thisgeneraltendencedidnotcoincideexactlywiththegradualalterationofthegeographiccoordinates,andinsomeplaces,areversetendencyalsoappeared,whichcouldbeattributedtotheinfluenceofsomesoilformingfactorssuchasparentmaterialandmicrotopography.

简介：AbstractBrain metastasis (BM) is the leading cause of mortality in lung cancer patients. The process of BM (from initial primary tumor development, migration and intravasation, dissemination and survival in the bloodstream, extravasation, to colonization and growth to metastases) is a complex process for which few tumor cells complete the entire process. Recent research on BM of lung cancer has recently stressed the essential role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in assisting tumor cells in the completion of each BM step. This review summarizes recent studies regarding the effects of TME on tumor cells in the entire process of BM derived from lung cancer. The identification of vulnerable targets in the TME and their prospects to provide novel therapeutic opportunities are also discussed.

简介：我们在场为行人的模拟的一个导出的基于格子的模型流动。在行人之中的相互作用在某个邻居以内被看作力量的结果。不同于社会力量模型，作为在牛顿的物理，这里的力量与距离的平方的逆成正比。尽管有邻居和内在的格子的观点，这个模型不同于存在细胞的自动机(CA)当模特儿因为行人被当作个人。Bresenham为线rastering的算法在步计算被使用。

简介：与他们在文化经历无限的自强并且在身体区分进所有房间类型的能力，人的胚胎的干细胞(hESCs)为治疗保持大潜力当前不治之症。为针的绳索损害和有斑点的退化的二基于hESC的房间治疗被推进了进人的临床的试用。尽管有这快速的进步，基于hESC的房间治疗的一关键挑战是由接受者的导出hESC的房间的allogeneic免疫者拒绝。这个问题能被病人特定的体的房间的原子reprogramming被最近的突破与定义因素在导致的pluripotent干细胞(iPSCs)的技术减轻它能为房间治疗成为自体同源的房间的可更新的来源。然而，揭示反常epigenetics，genomic稳定性和iPSCs的immunogenicity的最近的研究在基于iPSC的治疗上提起了安全担心。与iPSC衍生物的immunogenicity有关的最近的调查结果将在这评论被总结。

简介：T助手2(Th2)极化是在过敏疾病的一个主要病理学的特征；它的病原学充分没被理解。这研究试图阐明在抗原特定的Th2的开始的微生物引起的导出产品的小肽的辅助效果极化。在这研究，有长期的rhinosinusitis(CRS)和食物过敏症(FA)的病人的临床的调查被执行。StaphylococcalenterotoxinB(SEB)导出小肽(Ssps)在人的凳子摘录被检验。Ssp/antigen的形成使内收在蛋白质蛋白质联合试金被测试。骨头导出髓的树枝状的房间(BMDC)被采用测试Ssp/ovalbumin(卵)的角色在树枝状的房间(DC)使内收成熟。一个老鼠模型被开发测试Ssp/OVA的角色在肠在Th2极化的开始使内收。结果显示出那54(18.2%；)有FA的病人与SEB+CRS在296个病人之中被诊断；仅仅八(2.9%；)FA病人与SEB−CRS在272个病人之中被识别。Ssps与SEB−CRS与SEB+CRS从FA病人在凳子蛋白质摘录，然而并非在那些被检测。Ssp/OVA使内收导致了DC成熟，加快了DC移植，在地区性的淋巴节点激活CD4+T房间并且导致了在本地织物的扭曲的Th2极化。我们断定有SEB+CRS的病人对受不了FA敏感。SEB能在胃肠的道被降级到Ssps。Ssps能绑macromolecular抗原形成使内收在本地织物支持抗原特定的Th2极化和发炎的抗原和正式就职的antigenicity。

简介：Basedonanalyzingsignificanceofcontrollingclockindesignoflowpowersequentialcircuits,thispaperproposesatechniquethatthegatingsignalisderivedfromthemasterlatchinaflip-floptomakethederivedclockhavingnoglitchandnoskew.Thedesignofadecimalcounterwithhalf-frequencydivisionshowsthatbyusingthesynchronousderivedclockthecounterhaslowerpowerdissipationaswellassimplercombinationallogic.Computersimulationshows20%powersaving.

简介：从数字举起模型(DEM)导出的Hydrologic数据在地理信息系统(GIS)的空间分析被认为是一个有效方法。然而，DEM分辨率和地面复杂性在hydrologie衍生物的精确性上有影响。在这研究，一条多决定和多消除比较级途径被用作主要方法论调查数据从DEM导出的hydrologie的精确性。实验表明那个DEM地面表示错误影响DEM水文学衍生物(排水网络和分水岭等等)的精确性。更粗糙的DEM决定能通常引起更坏的结果。然而，不明确的结果通常在这计算存在。衍生物错误能与DEM垂直分辨率和地面粗糙被发现密切相关。DEM垂直分辨率能与DEM水文学衍生物的精确性被发现密切相关，特别在光滑的平凡区域。如果吝啬的斜坡是不到4度，导出的hydrologie数据通常是不可靠的。这结果可能在估计hydrologie衍生物的精确性并且决定对一个特别用户的精确性要求适当的DEM决定是有用的。由把阀值值用于子集，更高的累积的房间流动，特定的网络密度的一个流网络能被提取。一些很重要的geomorphologie特征，例如，浅、深的溪谷，能独立借助于调整阀值价值被提取。然而，因为它是难的积累足够的流动方向价值在溪流鈥檚入口区域表示溪流隧道，处理方法的如此的流动accumulationbased不能正确地导出通过工作区域的那些溪流。因而，错误将毫无疑问发生在溪流鈥檚入口区域。另外，错误的衍生物能也在导出一些特别的河被发现，例如，栖息(挂断电话)河，吻合河和编织的河。因此，更多的工作应该被做开发并且完善算法。

简介：现在的工作从marine-derivedstreptomyces学习化学成分3320~#并且他们的反肿瘤活动。酵素肉汤of3320~#的n-BuOH摘录在用antitoumor活动分开混合物的硅石胶化，SephadexLH-20，ODS列和HPLC上被用色层法分离。他们的结构用红外被识别，紫外，NMR，MSspectroscopic技术并且与出版数据相比。isolates的反肿瘤活动是用SRB方法和流动cytometry试金的assayed，对哺乳动物的tsFT210房间在轻显微镜下面与房间的词法观察伴随了。十混合物，出租机动三轮车--(翼列伊)1，出租机动三轮车--(Ala-Ile)2，出租机动三轮车--(Ala-Val)3，出租机动三轮车--(Phe-职业人员)4，出租机动三轮车--(Phe-Gly)5，出租机动三轮车--(列伊职业人员)6，1-methyl-1，2，3，4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic酸7，N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)乙酰胺8，4-methyoxy-1-(2-hydroxy)乙醇苯9并且uridine10，从streptomyces的酵素肉汤被孤立3320~#。在他们之中，加重6，7，8和10对有IC_(50)的tsFT210房间的显示出的有势力cytotoxicity3.6，7.2，5.2和1.6mmolL~珍视(-1),分别地。加重8，在2.0mmolL~下面的10也展出的apoptosis导致活动(-1)。混合物6,7,8和10是原则简历为海洋的streptomyces的theantitumor活动负责的活跃成分3320~#。化合物7第一次从这种被孤立。

简介：无

简介：Thepresentingworkdealswithimplementationofsamplegraphicpatternsderivedfrompublishedscientific/technologicdocumentationfiguresonnumericsimulationofmultiphaseflowandFEManalysisofthinwalledmechanicalstructures.First,geometricplanepatternsinrectangular/circularformweredemonstratedincontrasttogradualchangestyleincolorandgraphicconfiguration.Next,selectedartistic/graphicsamplepatternswereimplementedinlogoconceptualdesignandvisualinnovationstorming.Thewayineditingtheaboveoriginalfiguresis2Dsymmetry,rectangulararraygeometrically,andconvertingthemininversecolorinsoftwarelikePS.Theobjectiveofthisworkistocultivate,exploreanddisciplinetrainees'visualabilityinartistic/aestheticappreciation,graphiccommunicationandindustrialdesignandapplication,thuslayingtiescloselyamongcomprehensiveuniversitystudentsfromdifferentmajorsonscience,engineering,artsandhumanity.

简介：对为前列腺癌症的更有效的治疗学的途径有批评需要。然而，在这个区域的研究被缺乏严重妨碍了临床上相关，在疾病的vivo模型试验性。这评论特别地基于patients’的subrenal囊grafting集中于前列腺癌症异种皮移植模型的发展；进nonobese糖尿病/严重的肿瘤组织联合了immunodeficient(NOD/SCID)老鼠。这种技术允许可移植的、导出病人的癌症织物异种皮移植线的成功的开发从不仅好攻击变形，而且从局部性的前列腺癌症纸巾。异种皮移植被发现了保留原来的恶意的关键生物性质，包括组织病理学说、分子的特征，肿瘤异质，对雄激素脱离的反应和变形能力。因此，他们是高度临床上相关并且在细胞、分子的层次，为个性化的癌症治疗屏蔽的药和现出症状之前的潜的药为前列腺癌症前进的研究提供珍贵工具测试的功效；特别当模型的一块面板习惯于盖子时许多疾病。这些异种皮移植模型能因此被看作前列腺癌症的下一代的模型。

简介：

简介：<正>Thenotionofthestarchromaticnumberofagraphisageneralizationofthechromaticnumber.Inthispaper.wecalculatethestarchromaticnumbersofthreeinfinitefamiliesofplanargraphs.Thefirsttwofamiliesarederivedfroma3-or5-wheelbysubdivisions.theirstarchromaticnumbersbeing2+2/(2n+1).2+3/(3n+1)and2+3/(3n-1),respectively.ThethirdfamilyofplanargraphsarederivedfromnoddwheelsbyHajosconstructionwithstarchromaticnumbers3+1/n.whichisageneralizationofoneresnltofGaoetal.

简介：

简介：Inordertodeterminetheroleofalginate-derivedoligosaccharides(ADO)indroughtstressresistanceoftomato(Ly-copersiconesculentumMiller)seedlings,theleaveswereexposedtodifferentconcentrationsofADO(0.05%,0.10%,0.20%,0.30%and0.50%)afterdroughtstresswassimulatedbyexposingtherootsto0.6molL-1PEG-6000solutionfor6h.Changesinbiomass,electrolyteleakageandmalondialdehyde(MDA),freeproline,totalsolublesugars(TSS)andabscisicacid(ABA),theenzymeactivitiesofcatalase(CAT),superoxidedismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)andphenylalanineammonia-lyase(PAL)weremeasuredtoinvestigatetheeffectsofADOtreatment.TheresultsshowedthatthetreatmentwithanADOconcentrationof0.20%exhibitedthehighestperformanceofdroughtstressresistanceinthetomatoseedlingsbydecreasingtheelectrolyteleakageandtheconcentrationofMDA,increasingthecontentsoffreeproline,TSSandABA,andincreasingtheactivitiesofCAT,SOD,PODandPALaftertreatmentwithADO.Itissuggestedthatchangesinelectrolyteleakage,MDA,osmoticsolutes,ABA,anti-oxidativeenzymeandPALactivitieswereresponsiblefortheincreaseddroughtstressresistanceintomatoseedlings.Toourbestknowledge,thisisthefirstreportoftheeffectofADOtreatmentonenhancingthedroughtstressresistanceoftomatoseedlings.