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简介：Generallyspeaking,TibetanBuddhismplayedaveryimportantpartinthepoliticsoftheYuanDynasty:ithadacceleratedthealliancebetweenMongoliaandTibetononehandandalsobroughttheTibetandistrictunderthejurisdictionofChina'sCentralGovernmentontheother.Meanwhile,TibetanBuddhismhadbecomeextremelyconceitedbecausethewholeDynasty,especiallytheimperialcourt,esteemedittoo

简介：ＩｍｐｅｒｉａｌＭｉｎｇＤｙｎａｓｔｙＰａｐｅｒＭｏｎｅｙＮｏｔｅｓＡｎｕｍｉｓｍａｔｉｓｔｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｓｔｈｅｈｉｓｔｏｒｙａｎｄｆａｓｃｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｙ．ＷＨＡＴＩＳａＭｉｎｇＮｏｔｅ？ＷｈｙｉｓａＭｉｎｇＮｏ...

简介：In1368,ZhuYuanzhangfoundedtheMingDynasty(1368-1644).Intheautumnofthesameyear,MingforcestookoverDadu,capitaloftheYuanDynasty.AllplacesofChinaincludingtheTibetan-inhabitedareasoutsideTibetpledgedloyaltytothenewdynasty.

简介：DuringHuangtaiji's17-yearrule,significantchangesoccurredinShenyang.Thecitywasexpandedfromfourtoeightgates.Straightstreeswerebuiltandbelltowerswereconstructed.Afterthat,fourpagodasandtemples--theEastPagoda,YongguangTemple;SouthPagodas,GuangciTemple;WestPagodas,YanshouTemple;andNorthPagoda,FalunTemple-werecompleted.

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简介：Oneoftherecurringsituationsinworldhistoryinvolvesthetensionbetweensettled,primarilyagriculturalpopulationsandthoseofthedesert,steppeorsemi-aridenvironmentsthatserveasahometomainlypastoralornomadicgroups.Sincemuchofrecordedwrittenhistorycomesfromtheregionofsettledsocieties,ourviewoftheseeventsisoftenone-sidedandmanytimesisseen(bythewritersoftheseannals,and,alas,toooftenbytheirreaders)asaconflictbetweencivilizationandbarbarism.

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简介：Tibetans,oneoftheoldestethnicminoritiesinChina,aremainlydistributedinthevastwesternregionsofmodernTibet,Sichuan,Qinghai,GansuandYunnan.StudentsandscholarsofthelonghistoryofTibetanculture,aswellasthebreadthandprofundityofTibetanBuddhism,havealwaysconcentratedtheirattentionontheroleofmeninthishistoryandlargelyignoredwomen.Actually,inthehistoryofthesocio-

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简介：Sino-FrenchJointVentureDynastyWineryCo.,Ltd.,sincetheestablishmentin1980,hashadahistoryofsteadydevelopmentof28years.Inthepast28years,DynastyWinerycontinuesthemarketexpansion,andincreasingthemarketshare,andstrengtheningtheinfluenceofthebrandandthecompany.Tillnow,"DynastyWine",hasbecomepopularamongtheconsumers.28yearsagoin1980,Remy-MartinGroupofFrancesignedacooperationagreementwiththevineyardofStateFarmTianjinBureau,andtogetherthey

简介：AsanexampleofChineseartsandcrafts,porcelainisanimportantelementofChineseculture.Inancienttimes,whentransportandcommunicationswereextremelybackward,thecontinuousflowofporcelainitemsbetweenHanChineseandTibetansplayedanessentialroleintheirmaterialandculturallife.Putspecifically,thecloserelationshipbetweenporcelainandHan-Tibetanculturalandartisticexchangescanbeobservedasfollows:

简介：AftertheOpiumWarin1840,Chinawasmoreandmoresemi-colonized.Aroundtheturnofthe20thcentury,thenationalstrengthoftheQingEmpirewasquicklyweakening.Asaresult,theQingCourtexercisedaweakerruleoverTibet,anditspoliticalrelationshipwithTibetwasconsequentlyaffected.OntheproblemsofhowtoresistforeigninvasionsandhowtohandleTibet'sinternalaffairs,theQingCourtand

简介：MuchresarchhasbeencarriedoutonthethreeCombinedPacificationCommissionsandChiefMilitaryCommands(宣慰使司都元帅府),andontheCommissionforBuddhistandTibetanAffairs(宣政府)sincepublicationoftheessay,HowtheYuanCentralGovernmentManagedTibetanLocalAffairswrittenbyHanRulinsomefortyyearsago.

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简介：TheXiaoyu-Ding-CauldronwasunearthedduringthefirstyearsofDaoguang,EmperoroftheQingDynasty,atLivillageofQishanCounty,ShanxiProvince.ThecauldronitselfdisappearedintheperiodofTaipingHeavenlyKingdom(TaipingTianguo).Thecurrentcopyoftheinscriptionistheonlyonepreserved.Theinscriptiononthecauldronconsistsof400characters,itisoneofthelongesttextsofthosedatingtotheearlyperiodoftheWesternzhouDynasty.Sincethetextisfragmentaryandnojoiningtextsremain,thetextcannotbereadcompletely.TheinscriptionwasfirstmentionedbyGuoMoruoinResearchontheMetalInscriptionsoftheZhouDynasty.ThenChenMengjiareconstructedtheinscriptioninthe1950＇sinhis"DatingontheBronzeVasesoftheWesternZhouDynasty"andfurther