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简介：在这份报纸，我们在场波长看情况为可见轻通讯(VLC)为室内的multisource隧道推动反应建模的跟踪光线的算法。我们比较multisource和unisource隧道之间的multipath损失差别。当VLC从380nm保持一个宽系列到780nm，我们也分析延期散布了的根平均数平方(RMS)和三典型波长的平均时间延期，光谱墙的反射是波长依赖者。并且结果证明蓝色点亮射出二极管(带)与塑料墙在这个房间里比另外的波长拥有更大的通讯带宽。另外，三不同波长的路径损失被比较。

简介：理解电视白空格(TVWS)的utilizability，在TVWS上的室外、室内的网络设计的全面概述被给。相关挑战被分析。克服这些挑战的潜在的途径被讨论。开的研究问题被调查。结果显示出那：在室内的情形，白空间比率是平均18.4%比高在室外的情形，它对应于7.7个空缺的电视频道。两个都，网络设计包括7个关键部件：处理的电视光谱鉴定，存取点(AP)发现，AP协会，光谱分配，乐队宽度改编，接口控制和混乱。由于造穿入损失，室内的TVWS鉴定和AP放置应该小心地在室内的情形被考虑。

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简介：Anon-intrusivedesignformonitoringeverydayactivitiesofanelderlypersonispresented.Theproposedsystemisintendedtobeusedinthebedroom,allowingtheelderstostayathomeinasafeenvironment.Therequiredhardwaredesignissimpleinstructureandcosteffective.ThesensordesignisimplementedbyusingcapacitivesensorsandanArduinomicrocontrollerunit.Andarealtimegraphicaluserinterfaceisimplementedtomonitortheelderlyperson.Theperformanceanalysisshowsthatthesensordesignisabletodifferentiatebetweenahumanbodyandahousepet.

简介：广泛的室内的隧道大小与宽带在北京被进行多重输入多重产量(MIMO)在5.25GHz更健全。line-of-sight(LOS)和non-line-of-sight(NLOS)繁殖在室内的办公室和热点情形里被测量。根据测量数据，统计隧道特征在这篇文章被介绍，包括损失(PL)建模的实验路径，三个过量延期参数，圆形的方位角传播(CAS)，和圆形的举起传播了(CES)。在二种情形的不同繁殖机制的比较分析被进行。这些值为国际活动电信进展(IMT进展)为室内的范围和MIMO和直角的频率部门multiplexing(OFDM)的技术研究是重要的系统。

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简介：AbstractBackground:Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the key interventions recommended by World Health Organization in preventing malaria infection. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of global studies about the impact of IRS on malaria control.Method:We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for relevant studies published from database establishment to 31 December 2021. Random-effects models were used to perform meta-analysis and subgroup analysis to pool the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-regression was used to investigate potential factors of heterogeneity across studies.Results:Thirty-eight articles including 81 reports and 1,174,970 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. IRS was associated with lower rates of malaria infection (OR= 0.35, 95% CI: 0.27-0.44). The significantly higher effectiveness was observed in IRS coverage ≥ 80% than in IRS coverage < 80%. Pyrethroids was identified to show the greatest performance in malaria control. In addition, higher effectiveness was associated with a lower gross domestic product as well as a higher coverage of IRS and bed net utilization.Conclusions:IRS could induce a positive effect on malaria infection globally. The high IRS coverage and the use of pyrethroids are key measures to reduce malaria infection. More efforts should focus on increasing IRS coverage, developing more effective new insecticides against malaria, and using multiple interventions comprehensively to achieve malaria control goals.

简介：Thispaperdiscussesthetime-of-arrival(TOA)basedindoorvisiblelightcommunication(VLC)positioningsysteminanon-line-of-sightenvironment.Thepropagationdelayisassumedtobegammadistributed.ThegeneralizedCramer–Raolowerboundformultipathpropagationisderivedasthetheoreticalaccuracylimitation.Theperformanceofthepositioningsystemisaffectedbytheshapeparameterandthescaleparameterofgammadistribution.Theinfluencesonpositioningaccuracyofmultipatheffectsareanalyzedthroughdiscussingthephysicalmeaningofthegammadistributionparameters.Itisconcludedthatthelowerboundofpositioningaccuracyisattainedwhenvarianceofthenon-line-of-sightpropagation-inducedpathlengthsiszero.Thesimulationresultprovesthatthetheoreticalpositioningaccuracyisintheorderofcentimeterswiththegivenscenario.

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简介：Inthisarticle,resultsobtainedfromwidebandmultiple-inputmultiple-outputchannelmeasurementsat4.9GHzarepresented.Measurementswereperformedinanindoorhotspotscenariowithbothline-of-sightandnon-line-of-sightpropagationconditions.Verticalpolarizeduniformlineararrays(ULAs)withdifferentantennaspacingandorientationwereutilizedforinvestigatingtheimpactofantennaconfigurationsonthesystemperformance.Basedonmeasuredchannelimpulseresponses,thespatialcorrelationofULAisanalyzedandcomparedwiththetheoreticalvaluescalculatedfromthepowerazimuthspectrum.Followingthat,theeigenvaluestatisticsandcapacitywithrespecttoantennaspacingandorientationaregivenandcompared.Thediversity-multiplexingtradeoff(DMT)ofmeasuredchannelsatoperationalsignal-to-noiseratio(SNR)isalsopresented.ThereasonwhytheDMTofmeasuredchannelsismuchlowerthanthatofi.i.d.Rayleighchannelsisspecified.

简介：Arraygainwouldbewellexploitedtoimprovepowercoverageifsomepowerfulmultipathcomponentsfromdifferentradiolinkscancoherentlycombineatthereceiver(Rx).Thus,inthispaper,analgorithmisproposedfortransmissioninsimulcastsystem,wherepartialchannelstateinformation(CSI)isneeded.Basedonmeasuredmultipathchannel,performanceoftheproposedalgorithmisevaluated.Accordingtosimulationresults,theproposedalgorithmoutperformsthedirectionsummation(DS)schemeandmultipathantennadiversity(MAD)algorithm,with2～4dBadvantageoverthelatters.Especiallyinlineofsight(LOS)scenario,theadvantageismoreobvious.Besides,theproposedalgorithmbringsmoregainwithincreasingnumberoftransmitantennaswithoutadditionalpower.Finally,robustnessoftheproposedalgorithmisexaminedwithimperfectCSI.

简介：汽车路由解决方案是无所不在的，行人的解决方案也存在。而且，公共或商业的大楼正在变得更大，他们的内部结构的复杂性增加了。因而，对室内的路由答案的需要出现了。一些原型是可得到的，但是他们仍然缺乏语义上充实的建模(例如，存取限制，标签，等等)并且不对在复杂大楼里提供用户适应的长度最佳的路由合适。以前的途径认为简单房间，凹面房间，和走廊，而是象在房间内的巨大的房间和稳固的障碍里的不同区域那样的重要特征根本没被考虑，尽管如此的细节能增加航行精确性。由正式定义一张加权的室内的路由图，创造是可能的一详细说明并且为线路计算的用户适应的模型。定义的图也包含象房间标签那样的语义信息，门可接近性限制，等等。而且，在大楼内的单程的路径被考虑，以及三维的造分开例如，电梯或楼梯。层次结构与介绍的图模型一起也是可能的。

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简介：基于地点的服务(磅)，一家新兴的新企业基于smartphone和活动网络，正在变得越来越流行。然而，没有给股东机会起一个活跃作用，大多数这些LBS仅仅提供非无缝的室内/室外的应用程序和简单应用程序。我们的特定的目的是解决这些问题。这份报纸论述概念由扩展开的地点服务接口标准(OpenLS)允许无缝的室内/室外的放并且扩大服务的内容包括股东推荐的信息解决这些问题。

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简介：Acombinationoflight-emittingdiode(LED)identificationandatime-divisionmultiplexingschemeisproposedinthisLetterforindoorlocation-basedservice.Withthescheme,thearrangementofwhiteLEDlampsandthestructureofadataframearedesignedtorealizehigh-accuracyindoorpositioningandlocation-basedpayloaddatatransmissionsimultaneously.Theresultsoftheexperimentdemonstratethattheindoorpositioningaccuracyis10cmand2Mb/sdatatransmissionwithhighsignalqualityisrealized.