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简介：Consensusonreducinggreenhousegasemissionshasbeenreachedatthetechnicalandpoliticallevel.However,astheissueinvolveseconomiccostsandtherighttodevelop,theinternationalinstitutionalframeworkforaddressinggreenhousegasemissionshasconsistentlyfailedtobalancethedemandsofimpartialityandsustainability.However,asustainablecarbonbudgetproposalisundoubtedlyachievableiftheglobalcarbonbudget(thetotalamountofcarbonpermittedbyclimatesecurity)ismadeanabsoluteconstraint.Ifapreliminarydistributionwasmadeamongtheworld'spopulationonapercapitabasis,thetotallimitedglobalcarbonbudgetcouldnotonlymeetbasicneedsbutalsoensuretheproposal'sequitable.Takingintoaccounthistoricalemissionlevelsandfutureneeds,weshouldcarryoutcarbonbudgettransferpaymentsanddeviseacorrespondingfundingmechanismtoensureefficientallocationundertheproposal.Unlikethephase-by-phaseprogressandprovisionalgoalsoftheKyotoProtocol,thecarbonbudgetproposaloutlinedaboveisacomprehensiveandholisticpackage.Duetothepoliticizationoftheclimatechangeissue,however,manytechnicalissuescanonlybeworkedoutthroughinternationalpoliticalanddiplomaticnegotiations.

简介：Accordingtotheauthoritativedatainvolvingsocialeconomicindicatorsandgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionfromtheinternationaluniversaldatabase,thelevelsandprocessesofeconomicdevelopmentandGHGemissioninmajoreconomicgroups,nationsandregionsoftheworldaresimultaneouslyanalyzed.ObtainingGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)andemissionpercapitafromvariouscountriesandregionsinthepast40yearsasthestandard,countriesandregionsintheworldaredividedintosixgroups:countrieswithlowemissionpercapitaandloweconomiclevel(IA),countrieswithlowemissionpercapitaandmediumeconomiclevel(IIA),countrieswithlowemissionpercapitaandhigheconomiclevel(IIIA),countrieswithhighemissionpercapitaandmediumeconomiclevel(IIB),countrieswithhighemissionpercapitaandhigheconomiclevel(IIIB),countrieswithhighemissionpercapitaandloweconomiclevel(IB).CountriesbelongtoIBarequiterareinthestudyperiod,whilethefirstfivegroupscorrespondtothepoorregions,maindevelopingcountries,economicallytransitionalcountrieswithrapideconomicdevelopment,richislandsanddevelopedNorthAmericaandEuroperespectively.Dataanalysisshowsthatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenemissionandeconomicdevelopmentofdifferentcountriesandregions.Thecompositionrelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentofdifferentcountriesandregionsisrelativelystableoveralongperiodoftime.From1970to2005,risingtrendsexistedintheeconomicdevelopmentofmostcountriesandregions.However,theemissionhadasignificantincreaseinasmallpartofcountriesandregions.Inotherwords,forthosewithhighemission,theemissionlevelisalwayshigh.ButforthosewithlowGHGemission,theemissiondoesnotincreasetoomuch.ThemainprocessesofthechangeofcountriespatternfromIAtoIIAandfromIIBtoIIIB,occurringinthe1970sandfromthelate1970stothe1980srespectively.Thatresulthasasignificantenlighteningeffectinunderstandingtherelat

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