简介:Hypertensionisaleadingriskfactorforcardiovasculardisease,theleadingcauseofdeathandmorbidityinoursocietyandonaglobalscale.Majorcomponentsofcardiovasculardiseaseincludestroke,coronaryarterydisease,heartfailure,andchronickidneydisease,inallofwhichhypertensionplaysamajorrole.Theriskofthesecomplicationsincreasesdirectlyandlinearlywithsystolicbloodpressurestartingat115mmHg.Althoughusuallyasymptomatic,hypertensionisreadilydetectableonphysicalexaminationandisamenabletobothlifestylemodificationandpharmacologictreatmentinmostpatients.However,largeproportionsofthehypertensivepopulationremainundetectedandundertreated.Numerousguidelineshavebeenissuedduringthepastfewdecadestopromotedetectionandoptimaltherapy.Despitetheincreaseinriskwithsystolicbloodpressuregreaterthan115mmHg,thegenerallyacceptedthresholdfordiagnosisandtreatmenthasbeensystolicbloodpressuregreaterthan139mmHganddiastolicbloodpressuregreaterthan80mmHgbecauseuntilrecentlytreatmenttolowerlevelshasbeenassociatedwithanunfavorablerelationbetweenclinicalbenefitandharm.Inthepastseveralyears,newguidelines,advisories,commentaries,andclinicaltrialshaveprovidedevidenceforapotentialchangeincurrentrecommendationsforthemanagementofhypertension.Inthisregard,thelong-awaitedeighthreportoftheJointNationalCommitteeonthePrevention,Detection,Evaluation,andTreatmentofHighBloodPressurerecommendedpatientsolderthan60yearsbetreatedtoasystolicbloodpressureoflessthan150mmHg,whichhasgeneratedconsiderablecontroversyandcaution.ThestrikingfindingsoftheSystolicBloodPressureInterventionTrial(SPRINT)havereceivedconsiderableattentionbecauseofthedemonstrationthatintensivetherapytoatargetsystolicbloodpressurebelow120mmHgdecreasescardiovascularmortalityandmorbiditymorethanlessintensivetreatmenttoatargetsystolicbloodpressurebelow140mmHg
简介:摘要目的探讨儿童肾癌的特点、诊断、治疗和预后。方法回顾性分析了自2005~2014年我院收治7例肾癌患儿,并进行相关文献复习。结果7例中男性患儿5例,女性2例,平均年龄10.1岁;左侧3例,右侧4例。4例因血尿就诊,2例因腹痛就诊,1例因外伤后B超发现肾脏占位。7例Robson分期均在I期~II期内,其中4例为Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌。随访3月~8年,未见肿瘤复发或转移,生存率100%。结论肾癌在儿童较少见。诊断上以B超结合CT或MRI检查明确诊断,需与肾母细胞瘤鉴别。治疗上采用开放或腹腔镜下瘤肾切除术,术中行淋巴结活检。术后患儿的预后与肿瘤分期有一定关系。
简介:重点词汇1.papern.纸;纸张pape袁示'纸;纸张'时,是不可数名词。apieceofpaper一张纸拓展(1)paper可作定语,如:papermoney纸币。(2)paper意为'试卷;论文'时,是可数名词。Pleasehandoutthepapers.请分发试卷。2.pollutev.污染Diditpollutetheenvironment?它对环境有污染吗?拓展(1)pollution月.污染;污染物air/noisepollution空气/噪音污染(2)pollutedadj.被污染的pollutedwater被污染了的水3.buildv.建筑;建造
简介:摘要目的探讨快速免疫组化检测CK5/6应用在乳腺肿瘤病理诊断中的临床价值。方法选取我院2013年9月至2015年12月收治的98例乳腺肿瘤患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组及对照组各49例,观察组采用快速免疫组化检测CK5/6,对照组采用常规的免疫组化检查,对比两种检验方法的检验结果。结果观察组在乳腺肿瘤病理诊断上显著优于对照组,可帮助区分良恶性肿瘤、小叶性及导管性肿瘤,准确评估与检测间质浸润程度,以及预后蛋白表达、乳腺癌治疗情况,对预后判断及内分泌治疗起到指导作用。结论快速免疫组化检测CK5/6在乳腺肿瘤病理诊断中的应用具有较高的临床价值,值得推广使用。