简介:ThediscontinuousGalerkin(DG)orlocaldiscontinuousGalerkin(LDG)methodisaspatialdiscretizationprocedureforconvection-diffusionequations,whichemploysusefulfeaturesfromhighresolutionfinitevolumeschemes,suchastheexactorapproximateRiemannsolversservingasnumericalfluxesandlimiters.TheLax-Wendrofftimediscretizationprocedureisanalternativemethodfortimediscretizationtothepopulartotalvariationdiminishing(TVD)Runge-Kuttatimediscretizations.Inthispaper,wedevelopfluxesforthemethodofDGwithLax-Wendrofftimediscretiza-tionprocedure(LWDG)basedondifferentnumericalfluxesforfinitevolumeorfinitedifferenceschemes,includingthefirst-ordermonotonefluxessuchastheLax-Friedrichsflux,Godunovflux,theEngquist-Osherfluxetc.andthesecond-orderTVDfluxes.WesystematicallyinvestigatetheperformanceoftheLWDGmethodsbasedonthesediffer-entnumericalfluxesforconvectiontermswiththeobjectiveofobtainingbetterperfor-mancebychoosingsuitablenumericalfluxes.Thedetailednumericalstudyismainlyperformedfortheone-dimensionalsystemcase,addressingtheissuesofCPUcost,ac-curacy,non-oscillatoryproperty,andresolutionofdiscontinuities.Numericaltestsarealsoperformedfortwodimensionalsystems.
简介:Floraltransition,whichisreferredtoasaplant'stransitionfromvegetativestagetoreproductivestage,isconsideredtobeacriticaldevelopmentalswitchinhigherplants,foratimelyfloweringisamajorfactorofreproductivesuccess.Endogenousandenvironmentalcues,suchasphotoperiod,lightquality,planthormonesconcentrationsandtemperature,provideinformationtotheplantswhethertheenvironmentisfavorableforflowering.Thesecuespromote,orprevent,floweringthroughacomplexgeneticnetwork,mediatedbyacarefulorchestrationoftemporalandspatialgeneexpression.Oneofsuchcuesisphotoperiod.Rice(OryzasativaL.)servesasapowerfulmodelspeciesfortheunderstandingoffloweringinhigherplants,includingflowerdevelopmentandphotoperiodiccontrolofflowering.Inthisreview,weoverviewedanddiscussedtheflowerdevelopmentanditsmodel.Wealsooverviewedthephotoperiodicpathwaysinricefloweringcontrol,andsummarizedthepathwaysatmolecularlevel.
简介:AccordingtotheUnitedNationspopulationprojections,thepopulationoftheelderlyisexpectedtoroughlytripleinChinafrom2000to2050,particularlywhenthegenerationswhowerebornbetweenthe1950sand1970smovethroughtheagestructure,andalsobecausepeoplearelivinglongerandfertilityrateshavefallen,populationagingisexpectedtoputpressureongovernment'sfiscalbalancethroughhigherold-agesecuritybenefitsandhealth-careexpenditures.Thisworkdrawstogetherthebroadrangeofelementsinvolvedwithinaconsistentframework,basedonacomputabledynamicgeneralequilibriummodelwithanoverlappinggenerationstructure.Furtheranalysisusingmodelsimulationillustratesthatthealternativeschemesforthebenefitrate,retirementageandtechnologicalprogressarelikelytobebeneficial,andthatanobviousslow-downinthegrowthoflivingstandardsislikelytobeavoided.
简介:Theuseofmoreandmoreelectronproductsrequiresinteriorwoodproductstohavetheperformanceofelectromagneticshielding.Oneofthewaystorealizeitistointroducethechemicalplatingwhichhasalreadybeendevelopedinelectronindustryintowoodprocessing.Thepaperclarifiesthemechanismofelectrolesscopperandgoldplatinganditsapplicationtowood.Itemphasizesthedevelopmentandtechnologyofelectrolesscopperandgoldplatingonwood.Meanwhile,itpointsoutthatitishighlyfeasibletotakethistechnologyintoeffect.
简介:Theapplicationofinductionplasmatechnologydevelopedforthesynthesisofnanometricpowdersissummarized.Abriefdescriptionofthescientificbasisfortheinductionplasmaprocessesisgiven,followedbythepresentationofaninductionplasmasystemdevelopedbyTekna,togetherwithvariousexamplesofthenanopowderssynthesizedusingitsfacilities.Theadvantagesoftheinductionplasmaprocessoveralternativetechniquesanditsadaptabilityintoindustrialscaleoperationisparticularlyillustrated.Somespecificissuesrelatedtothenanopowdersynthesisprocessarealsodiscussed.
简介:Baosteel’shigh-frequencyelectricresistancewelded(HFW)610longitudinalseammill(85/8″-24″,theyearlyoutput300000t)andUOE1422longitudinalsubmergedarcwelding(SAW)mill(20'-56',theyearlyoutput500000t)areestablishedin2005and2008,respectively.ProductspecificationcoverswholeofAPI5CTstandardandmostofAPI5Lstandard,terminatingthehistoryofmanufacturingthemediumandlargesizepipesatBaosteel.Theyearlyoutputincreasedfrom1,200000ttonearly2000000t.HFW610millisorientedatmidsizepipes,whicharemainlylinepipeandweldedcasing.ThedesignedyearlyoutputofHFWmillis300000t,includingcasingof90000t,linepipeof180000t,roundstructuralpipeof15000tandrectanglestructuralpipeof15000t.Theyearlyoutputofoilcasinglinesupportingtheweldinglineis120000t,amongwhichincludingweldedcasingandseamlesscasingof30000t.Baosteel’sHFW610longitudinalseammillwasestablishedonOctober27,2005.AftertheequipmenttrialrunInOctober,2005-March,2006andequipmentfunctionexaminationInApril,2006-June,2006,massproductionstartedinJuly2006.AndinDecember2006,monthlydesignedcapacitywasachieved,reachingto30496.644tinweldingpipeand28349.939tinfinishedpipe.Theoutputof2006,2007,2008and2009was117067t,223554t,255791t,and204424t,withthecomprehensiveyieldratio79.4%,87.8%,90.80%and91.92%respectively.ThisstudyintroducesBaosteelHFW610Millwhichistheworldclass,energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionenterprise,includingproductorientation,processandnewproductdevelopment.
简介:TheprimaryconservationobjectiveinChinaistoestablishnaturereservestoprotectbiologicalresourcesandnaturalheritage,protectecosystemswhichareofglobalimportanceorhaveuniqueregionalfeatures,protectendangeredandthreatenedspeciesandtheirhabitat,andsafeguardthegeneticresources.By2000,thenumberofnaturereservesincreasedto1,276,whileatthesametime,thetotalareaprotectedinnaturereserveswasupto123millionha.Ofthetotalnumberofreserves,908sites...
简介:IntroductionAlongwithintegratedregionalcooperation,interegionalasociationhasbenthemainpartofregionaleconomicdevelopmentinsome...
简介:在土壤外壳开发的降雨事件运动的影响经由实验室实验和基于物理的水文学反应模拟被调查。流量和土壤水内容数据被分析以便在许多降水条件下面学习不同外壳的开发时期。当一个稳定的状态,能被雨点影响的一个扩大时期打破,被发现为外壳并且,随后存在时,结果证明显著地改变的外壳的形成玷污浸透的水力的电导率(K)和流量流量特征。在K的减少为下游动人的事件象86%一样高,并且72%为在上游动人的事件,说明降雨运动的方向比降雨紧张和持续时间在外壳形成上有更重要的影响。同样下游动人的降雨事件可以比那些移动有更大的效果在上游,在雨点影响前的一个depositional外壳的发展可以在决定最后的K价值起一个重要作用。