简介：Inthispaper,weinvestigateastreamlinediffusionfiniteelementapproxi-mationschemefortheconstrainedoptimalcontrolproblemgovernedbylinearcon-vectiondominateddiffusionequations.Weprovetheexistenceanduniquenessofthediscretizedscheme.Thenaprioriandaposteriorierrorestimatesarederivedforthestate,theco-stateandthecontrol.Threenumericalexamplesarepresentedtoillustrateourtheoreticalresults.

简介：Anunstructuredmeshfinitevolumediscretisationmethodforsimulatingdiffusioninanisotropicmediaintwo-dimensionalspaceisdiscussed.Thistechniqueisconsideredasanextensionofthefullyimplicithybridcontrol-volumefinite-elementmethodanditretainsthelocalcontinuityofthefluxatthecontrolvolumefaces.Aleastsquaresfunctionrecon-structiontechniquetogetherwithanewfluxdecompositionstrategyisusedtoobtainanaccuratefluxapproximationatthecontrolvolumeface,ensuringthattheoverallaccuracyofthespatialdiscretisationmaintainssecondorder.Thispaperhighlightsthatthenewtechniquecoincideswiththetraditionalshapefunctiontechniquewhenthecorrectiontermisneglectedandthatitsignificantlyincreasestheaccuracyofthepreviouslinearschemeoncoarsemesheswhenappliedtomediathatexhibitverystrongtoextremeanisotropyratios.Itisconcludedthatthemethodcanbeusedonbothregularandirregularmeshes,andappearsindependentofthemeshquality.

简介：这研究针对使用片3-D优化到在高度的高通过流动扇子/增强软件的角落流动绕过的控制比率广告扇涡轮引擎。二种片3-D优化，弯曲结束并且鞠躬，上被集中。由于各自的操作模式和环境，3-D的途径转子片的空气动力学的建模与定子翼不同。为转子基于角落流动和紧张问题的考虑的机制的理解，这份报纸使用许多片3-D优化途径例如装载分发优化，离开角度的不安和栈轴操作，它分别地对转子和定子合适。获得的3-D片和翼能改进角落流动特征由弯曲结束并且鞠躬效果。流动在扇子/增强软件的角落的这学习表演的结果例如增强软件的翼的扇子中心区域，尖端和中心，由3-D效果很复杂、统治。在那里的第二等的流动被发现在压缩机表演上有强壮的有害效果。效果弯曲结束并且鞠躬能在角落改进流动分离，但是他们工作的特定的方法和申请范围是有点不同的。经由片3-D优化重新设计片控制角落流动有效地减少了损失产生并且由大数量改进了货摊边缘。

简介：Weproposeapositionsensorlesscontrolschemeforafour-switch,three-phasebrushlessDCmotordrive,basedonthezerocrossingpointdetectionofphaseback-EMFvoltagesusingnewlydefinederrorfunctions(EFs).Thecommutationin-stantsare30°afterdetectedzerocrossingpointsoftheEFs.DevelopedEFshavegreatermagnituderatherthanphaseorlinevoltagessothatthesensorlesscontrolcanworkatalowerspeedrange.Moreover,EFshavesmoothtransitionsaroundzerovoltagelevelthatreducesthecommutationerrors.EFsarederivedfromthefilteredterminalvoltagesvaoandvbooftwolow-passfilters,whichareusedtoeliminatehighfrequencynoisesforcalculationoftheaverageterminalvoltages.Thefeasibilityoftheproposedsensorlesscontrolisdemonstratedbysimulationandexperimentalresults.

简介：Theperiod-oneoscillationproducedbyanexternalopticalpulseinjectiondrivensemiconductorlaserisappliedtoclockrecoveryandfrequencydivision.Byadjustingtherepetitionrateorinjectionpoweroftheexternalinjectionopticalpulsestolockthedifferentharmonicfrequenciesoftheperiod-onestate,theclockrecoveryandthefrequencydivision(thesecondandthirdfrequencydivisions)areachievedexperimentally.Inaddition,infrequencylockingrangesof2GHzand1.9GHz,thesecondandthirdfrequencydivisionsareobtainedwiththephasenoiselowerthan-100dBc/Hz,respectively.Ourexperimentalresultsareconsistentwellwiththenumericalsimulations.

简介：Thefluorescencequenchingofnaphthalene(2)and1,3-di(α-naphthyl)propane(1)byRNAandbasesinmethanol-water(v:v=1:1)binarysolventsinthepresenceorabsenceofcyclodex-trin(CD)hasbeeninvestigated.Theresultsshowthatboththemonomerandexcimerfluorescenceof1canbequenchedbythesequenchers.Thequenchingandratesdependonthequencherandtem-perature.Itisshownthatthereisacriticaltemperature(Tc)foreachquencher.BelowTc,theexcimerfluorescencespectrashowvibrationalstructuresandtheStern-Volmerplotsarestraightlines(forura-cilandcytosine);whileabovetheTc,thevibrationalstructuresdisappearandtheStern-Volmerplotsdeviatefromlinearityandcurveupward.Theformerisastaticprocess;whilethelatterisamixtureofbothstaticanddynamicprocesses.Theadditionofα-CDhasnoeffectonthefinestructure,whereasβ-CDpreventstheappearanceofthisstructureefficiently.Thequenchingratesbothforthemonomerandexcimerof1bybasesexceptcytosineinthepresenceofβ-CDatambienttemperaturearenotchanged;thequenchingoffluorescenceof1byRNAinthepresenceofβ-CD,however,ishindered.Time-resolvedfluorescencestudyshowsthattheexcimerfinestructuresappearfromthezerotime.Theintensityoffinestructuresdependonthefractionofwater(φ)inbinarysolvents,anditisindependentofthepHvalueofthesolvents.ItissuggestedthatbasesandRNAinducedaggregates(perhapsmicrocrystal)areformed,inwhichthemotionofmolecules1islimited.

简介：Theauthorsinvestigateadisturbance-compensatingandenergy-savingcontrolmethodforairturbinespindlesequippedwitharotationcontrolsystemdesignedforuseinultra-precisionmilling.Thecontrollabilityandenergy-conservingcharacteristicsoftheproposedmethodusingtheproposedpneumaticregulatingdevice,calledahigh-precisionquick-responsepneumaticpressureregulator,weredemonstratedexperimentallypreviously.Herein,theproposedrotation-controlledairturbinespindleisfirstsummarised.Subsequently,theproposedrotation-controlledairturbinespindleissettoamillingmachineandappliedtothemillingofanalloytoolsteel,togaindataandvalidatetheeffectivenessofthein-processtoolwearestimationmethodthathavebeenrecentlydevelopedandproposedbytheauthors.Particularly,toevaluatethepossibilityofapplyingtheproposedestimationmethodtothree-dimensionalmilling,millingexperimentswheretheairturbinespindleissetata45°inclinewereconductedandtheresultsindicateahighpossibilityoftheproposedmethod.

简介：有在粒子的核心的高carboxyl内容的没有肥皂的吸水恐水病的核心壳乳胶粒子经由播种乳剂被综合聚合使用甲基methacrylate(MMA)，丁基acrylate(BA)，甲基丙烯酸(MAA)，苯乙烯(圣)和乙烯乙二醇dimethacrylate(EGDMA)作为单体，并且在聚合，粒子尺寸和形态学上在核心准备使用的MMA内容的影响被传播电子显微镜学调查，动态轻散布结果证明播种乳剂聚合能用当在核心准备的MAA内容是时，喂过程的饥饿的单体顺利被执行平等者到或不到24wt%，并且有恐水病的PSt壳的吸水的P(MMA-BA-MAA-EGDMA)核心的包含的效率随MAA内容的增加减少了。当有中等极性的P(MMA-MAA-St)的夹层在P(MMA-BA-MAA-EGDMA)核心和PSt壳之间被插入时，井在核心准备与24wt%MAA内容设计了没有肥皂的吸水恐水病的核心壳乳胶粒子被获得。

简介：Uncertaintyisinherentandunavoidableinalmostallengineeringsystems.Itisofessentialsignificancetodealwithuncertaintiesbymeansofreliabilityapproachandtoachieveareasonablebalancebetweenreliabilityagainstuncertaintiesandsystemperformanceinthecontroldesignofuncertainsystems.Nevertheless,reliabilitymethodswhichcanbeuseddirectlyforanalysisandsynthesisofactivecontrolofstructuresinthepresenceofuncertaintiesremaintobedeveloped,especiallyinnon-probabilisticuncertaintysituations.Inthepresentpaper,theissueofvibrationcontrolofuncertainstructuresusinglinearquadraticregulator(LQR)approachisstudiedfromtheviewpointofreliability.Ane?cientnon-probabilisticrobustreliabilitymethodforLQR-basedstaticoutputfeedbackrobustcontrolofuncertainstructuresispresentedbytreatingboundeduncertainparametersasintervalvariables.Theoptimalvibrationcontrollerdesignforuncertainstructuresiscarriedoutbysolvingarobustreliability-basedoptimizationproblemwiththeobjectivetominimizethequadraticperformanceindex.Thecontrollerobtainedmaypossessoptimumperformanceundertheconditionthatthecontrolledstructureisrobustlyreliablewithrespecttoadmissibleuncertainties.Theproposedmethodprovidesanessentialbasisforachievingabalancebetweenrobustnessandperformanceincontrollerdesignofuncertainstructures.Thepresentedformulationsareintheframeworkoflinearmatrixinequalityandcanbecarriedoutconveniently.Twonumericalexamplesareprovidedtoillustratethee?ectivenessandfeasibilityofthepresentmethod.

简介：Theauthorsinvestigateadisturbance-compensatingandenergy-savingcontrolmethodforairturbinespindlesequippedwitharotationcontrolsystemdesignedforuseinultra-precisionmilling.Thecontrollabilityandenergy-conservingcharacteristicsoftheproposedmethodusingtheproposedpneumaticregulatingdevice,calledahigh-precisionquick-responsepneumaticpressureregulator,weredemonstratedexperimentallypreviously.Herein,theproposedrotation-controlledairturbinespindleisfirstsummarised.Subsequently,theproposedrotation-controlledairturbinespindleissettoamillingmachineandappliedtothemillingofanalloytoolsteel,togaindataandvalidatetheeffectivenessofthein-processtoolwearestimationmethodthathavebeenrecentlydevelopedandproposedbytheauthors.Particularly,toevaluatethepossibilityofapplyingtheproposedestimationmethodtothree-dimensionalmilling,millingexperimentswheretheairturbinespindleissetata45°inclinewereconductedandtheresultsindicateahighpossibilityoftheproposedmethod.

简介：

简介：Ironcatalystnanoparticleswerepreparedonsiliconwafersbyspin-coatingcolloidalsolutionscontainingironnitrate,polyethyleneglycol(PEG)andabsoluteethanol.Theeffectsofvariousspin-coatingconditionswereinvestigated.Thefindingsshowedthatthesizeoftheironparticleswasgovernedbythecompositionofthecolloidalsolutionusedandthatahighangularspeedwasresponsiblefortheformationofathincolloidalfilm.Theeffectofangularaccelerationonthesizeanddistributionoftheironparticleswerefoundtobeinsignificant.Itwasobservedthatalongerspin-coatingdurationprovokedtheagglomerationofironparticles,leadingtotheformationoflargeparticles.Wealsoshowedthatsingle-walledcarbonnanotubescouldbegrownfromthesmallestironcatalystnanoparticlesafterthechemicalvapordepositionofmethane.

简介：Afullycoherentfreeelectronlaser(FEL)seededwithahigher-orderharmonic(HH)pulsefromhigh-orderharmonicgeneration(HHG)issuccessfullyoperatedforasufficientlyprolongedtimeinpilotuserexperimentsbyusingatimingdriftfeedback.ForHHG-seededFELs,theseedinglaserpulseshavetobesynchronizedwithelectronbunches.DespiteseededFELsbeingnon-chaoticlightsourcesinprinciple,externallaser-seededFELsareoftenunstableinpracticebecauseofatimingjitterandadriftbetweentheseedinglaserpulsesandtheacceleratedelectronbunches.Accordingly,weconstructedarelativearrival-timingmonitorbasedonnon-invasiveelectro-opticsampling(EOS).TheEOSmonitormadeuninterruptedshot-to-shotmonitoringpossibleevenduringtheseededFELoperation.TheEOSsystemwasthenusedforarrival-timingfeedbackwithanadjustabilityof100fsforcontinualoperationoftheHHG-seededFEL.UsingtheEOS-basedbeamdriftcontrollingsystem,theHHG-seededFELwasoperatedoverhalfadaywithaneffectivehitrateof20%–30%.Theoutputpulseenergywas20μJatthe61.2nmwavelength.TowardsseededFELsinthewaterwindowregion,weinvestigatedourupgradeplantoseedhigh-powerFELswithHHphotonenergyof30–100eVandlaseatshorterwavelengthsofupto2nmthroughhigh-gainharmonicgeneration(HGHG)attheenergy-upgradedSPring-8CompactSASESource(SCSS)accelerator.WestudiedabenefitaswellasthefeasibilityofthenextHHG-seededFELmachinewithsingle-stageHGHGwithtunabilityofalasingwavelength.

简介：Tuningthecoloroutputofrare-earthiondopedluminescentnanomaterialshasimportantscientificsignificanceforfurtherextendingapplicationsincolordisplays,lasersources,optoelectronicdevices,andbiolabeling.Inpreviousstudies,pre-designedphasemodulationofthefemtosecondlaserfieldhasbeenproventobeeffectiveintuningtheluminescenceofdopedrare-earthions.Owingtothecomplexlight–matterinteractionintheactualexperiment,thedynamicrangeandoptimalefficiencyforcolortuningcannotbedeterminedwiththepre-designedphasemodulation.Thisarticlesharesthedevelopmentofanadaptivefemtosecondpulseshapingmethodbasedonageneticalgorithm,anditsusetomanipulatethegreenandredluminescencetuninginanEr3+-dopedglassceramicunder800-nmfemtosecondlaserfieldexcitationforthefirsttime.ExperimentalresultsshowthattheintensityratioofthegreenandredUCluminescenceofthedopedEr3+ionscanbeeitherincreasedordecreasedconvenientlybythephase-shapedfemtosecondlaserfieldwithanoptimalfeedbackcontrol.Thephysicalcontrolmechanismsforthecolortuningarealsoexplainedindetail.Thisarticledemonstratesthepotentialapplicationsoftheadaptivefemtosecondpulseshapingtechniqueincontrollingthecoloroutputofdopedrare-earthions.