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简介：Diffractiveopticsisanimportanttechniqueforbeamshapingwithhighlightefficiencyandstrongdiffractionpatternflexibility.Sincethediffractionangleislimitedbytheunitsizeofthediffractiveopticalelement(DOE),thesizeoftherequireddiffractionpatternisalwaysrathersmall.InthisLetter,refractive/diffractivehybridopticalelements(RDHOEs)consistingofaDOEandalensareusedtorealizebeamshapingforalargediffractionpattern.Thelens,asthecomponentoftheRDHOEs,cannotonlybeconcavebutalsoconvex,andthedoublesamplingFresneldiffractionalgorithmisdevelopedforthedesignofthesetwotypesofRDHOEs.Thesimulationandexperimentalresultsprovidesolidevidencetodemonstratetheproposedmethodwiththepurephasespatiallightmodulator.

简介：Basedontherecentresearchresultsondryandwetdepositionofnutrientelementsandsulphate,weestimatetheatmosphericfluxofnutrientelementsandsulphatetothesouthernYellowSeaandtheEastChinaSeaineachseason.Theresultssuggestthattheconcentrationsofnutrientelementsandsulphateinaerosolandprecipitationshowanapparentseasonalcyclewiththemaximumvaluesinwinterandtheminimumvaluesinsummer.Depositionsofnitrateandsulphatearedominatedbywetdeposition,whilethedepositionforphosphateismainlydrydeposition.Moreover,comparedwiththeriverineinputs,theatmosphericdepositionmaybethemainsourceofdissolvedinorganicnutrientsinthesouthernYellowSeaandtheEastChinaSea.

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简介：1IntroductionNanshankengtungsten-tinpolymetallicmine,whichislocatedintheeasternNanlingmetallogenicbelt,isnewlydiscoveredbygeologicalinvestigationandevaluationwithprospectingpotential(Xiaoet

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简介：Transposableelements(TEs)aremobilegeneticentitiesubiquitouslydistributedinnearlyallgenomes.HighfrequencyofcodonsendinginA/TinTEshasbeenpreviouslyobservedinsomespecies.Inthisstudy,thebiasesinnucleotidecompositionandcodonusageofTEtransposasesandhostnucleargeneswereinvestigatedintheAT-richgenomeofArabidopsisthalianaandtheGC-richgenomeofOryzasativa.CodonsendinginA/TaremorefrequentlyusedbyTEscomparedwiththeirhostnucleargenes.AremarkablepositivecorrelationbetweenhighlyexpressednucleargenesandC/G-endingcodonsweredetectedinO.sativa(r=0.944and0.839,respectively,P<0.0001)butnotinA.thaliana,indicatingacloseassociationbetweentheGCcontentandgeneexpressionlevelinmonocotspecies.Inbothspecies,TEcodonusagebiasesaresimilartothatofweaklyexpressedgenes.TheexpressionandactivityofTEsmaybestrictlycontrolledinplantgenomes.MutationbiasandselectionpressurehavesimultaneouslyactedontheTEevolutioninA.thalianaandO.sativa.TheconsistentlyobservedbiasesofnucleotidecompositionandcodonusageofTEsmayalsoprovideausefulcluetoaccuratelydetectTEsequencesindifferentspecies.

简介：在在煤和煤的器官的功能的组的踪迹元素之间的关系，另外一些芳香的结构，被使用曲线适合红外线的系列调查。簇分析也根据与踪迹元素的器官的组的亲密关系的度被执行。结果证明有可能性，踪迹元素，特别LREE，被绑在中间的等级煤的外部器官的功能的组大分子。绑踪迹元素的最可能的功能的组是氢氧根，并且到更少度，不对称的-CH3并且>拉长的CH2，拉长的-CH3，等等。到不同的功能的组的踪迹元素的亲密关系的度变化。趋势遵守踪迹elements—the的自然结构的变化法律周期的法律。从这个常规趋势的一些踪迹元素的偏差被归因于内在的“confusiondegree”的偏差(常规臼齿的熵)煤盆，它被内部、外部的因素在进化期间影响的事系统。

简介：Abstract:Theeffectofstabilizingelements,suchasNbandTi,onthemicrostmctureandpropertiesoflowcarbonferriticstainlesssteel(FSS)hasbeeninvestigated.TheresultsoftheThermo-calcsimulationhaveshownthattheinterstitialelements,suchasCandN,maybecompletelystabilizedbytheadditionofNbandTi.WiththeincreaseofNbandTicontents,thea+γtwophasesgraduallytransfertoasingleα-phaseunderahightemperaturecondition,andthecontentofthecarbideM_(23)C_6graduallydecreases.ThemicrostructurehasindicatedthatthecombinedadditionofNbandTicanpromotetherecrystallizationofthebandstructureandformmoreuniformequiaxedgrains.Also,withtheincreaseofNbandTicontents,theelongation,ther-valueandthecorrosionresistanceofcold-rolledandannealedsheetsareimprovedprominently.IncomparisonwiththeeffectofTi,theadditionofNbismorebeneficialtotheincreaseofr-valueandthecorrosionresistance.

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简介：Thelong-termdumpingofcoalwastepileshascausedseriousenvironmentalproblems.Releaseoftraceelements(includingrareearthelements,REEs)fromcoalspoilsgobswasinvestigatedatYangquancoalmine,ShanxiProvince,China.X-raydiffraction(XRD)wasusedtoanalyzethemineralcompositionofthecoalspoils.Themineralsofthecoal-spoilsamplesaremainlykaoliniteandquartz,withaminorproportionofpyrite.Thebatchandcolumntestswereemployedtosimulatetheleachingbehavioroftraceelementsfromcoalspoils.ElementsV,Cr,Zn,As,Pb,andCdarehighlyenrichedinallcoalspoils.ThecoalspoilsalsohaveelevatedlevelsofGa,Ge,Se,Sn,Hf,andTh.Theleachateofcoalspoils,friedcoalspoilsandCSFGM(coalspoilsfiregasmineral)samplesareacidic,withthepHvaluesrangingbetween3.0and6.6.Thereleasedelementswithhighconcentrations(over100μg/L)includeFe,Mn,Co,NiandZn,whilemoderately-releasedelementsareCu,Se,MoandAs.Ahighcontentofheavymetalsinbatch-testleachatewithCSFGMindicatesanincreasedmobilityofheavymetalsincoalspoilcombustionbyproduct.Withinthefirsthourwashingwiththeelectrolytesolution,arapidriseofcommoncations,traceelements,andREEscontent,aswellasadropofpHvalue,ineffluentwasobserved.Anincreasedleachingvelocityfavorsthereleaseoftraceelementsfromcoalspoils.Inaddition,thepulseinputofprecipitationledtomoreelementstobereleasedthancontinuousleaching.

简介：CeZr，CeYZr，LaCeZr，LaCePrZr，LaCePrYZr，和LaCePr稳固的答案经由一起沉淀方法被准备，并且借助于X光检查衍射(XRD)和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(赌注)技术描绘了。稳固的答案的氧存储能力(振荡)被脉搏技术评估，催化活动用一台4隧道催化作用设备被估计。稳固的答案介绍了立方的结构，这被看见。特定的表面区域和热稳定性能被做Y进稳固的答案提高。当做大量La减少了时，做La的小数量在热耐久性上有积极效果特定的表面区域和热稳定性。LaCePrZr和LaCePrYZr固体解决方案用在Nd抽取在特定的表面区域和热稳定性介绍了某个更高的值以后，与LaCePr充实的Baotou稀土元素矿物质残余综合了，当为汽车的经济催化剂用尽纯化，从而启用被过去常。ceria氧化锆固体答案的表面上的涂层Al2O3或SiO2层增加了特定的表面区域和热抵抗。

简介：Inthisarticle,alaboratory-builtexperimentalsystem-laser-inducedbreakdownspec-troscopy(LIBS),isusedtomeasuresoilsamples.Itexploreslandslidesbandsoiloffivetypicalland-slidesinXiangxi(香溪)RiverSectionoftheThreeGorgesReservoirarea,whichincludeBazimen(八字门)landslide,Baijiabao(白家堡)landslide,Jiajiadian(贾家店)landslide,Sixiangxi(泗乡溪)landslideandanunnamedlandslidethathasalreadyslipped.Soilsamplesofthefivelandslidesaretakenindif-ferentlatitudes,andinrelativelyconsistentaltitude.Throughexperimentalmeasurement,theauthorsgetspectrumofthosesoilsamples,andthendoqualitativeandquantitativeanalysesofelements(Mg,Si,K,Al,etc.)inthem.Theauthorsconcludethatmainmetalelementsinthesoilchangeaccordingtodifferentlongitudesandlatitudes,whichopensupanewwayofthinkingforthequantitativeanalysisofthefunctionofsoilandwater,andfortheestablishmentofrelationsbetweenchemicalenvironmentfactorsandsoilengineeringmechanicseffects.

简介：geochemical基线和31个元素的分发(艾尔，Fe，K，Na，Mg，Ca，Mn，Ba，Cr，Zr，Ni，Sr，Zn，Y，李，Cu，瞬间，Nb，Th，公司，Ga，W，Ta，，Ti，Ge，Se，双性人，Te，Sc和Re)并且Terengganu河盆的热带表面沉积的物理化学的参数，马来西亚，被报导。沉积是到在质地由组成的沙的沙的沃土主要石英，低有机物内容(average2.68%)，低CEC(average2.02cmol(+)/kg)和略微酸的pH1:5(average5.91)。Mn，Fe，Ba，Cr，Ni，Cu，瞬间和Se的集中被测量在在各种各样的地点的环境沉积质量标准上面。湖沉积作为与河沉积相比登记了显著地更高级的艾尔，Fe，Ti，Mg，Ca，Mn，Te和Sc集中。大多数调查的元素与淤泥尺寸部分(263m)显示出一个协会。在调查金属之中，瞬间和Fe集中显示出增加(>5褶层)并且减少(>3褶层)趋势，分别地沿着河路径从对下游的取决于在上游溪流pH氧化还原作用条件。丰富因素价值(EF>5)从人为的活动Cr，Ni，瞬间和Se显示了丰富。碱和碱地球金属登记了重要弄空(EF价值<0.7)作为与地球的外壳相比。二个主要部件的主要部件分析(PC1，87.4%并且PC2，8.7%)揭示了河口沉积的一个明确的组。湖和河沉积采样地点没形成在地质的材料和在里面溪流geochemical过程的起源揭示异质的定义的组。然而，Cr，Ni，瞬间和Se与提高的集中形成了一个分开的组(例如Cr>1,000mg/kg)显示沉积的污染。当沿着半岛的马来西亚的北方东方海岸的工业开发和都市化很快正在进展，这个工作介绍热带沉积的geochemical基线。

简介：Thepaperdealswiththebackgroundfeatures,formationanddistributionofthechemicalel-ementsK,Na,Ca,Mg,Si,Fe,Mn,Cr,Ni,V,Co,Ti,Mo,Cu,Pb,Zn,As,Hg,Cd,Be,Li,Sr,B,F,Cl,BrandIinthegroundwaterintheregionofthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverandtheirrelationstothecompositionofthewater-bearingmedia,propertiesoftheoverly-ingrocksandsoils,redoxenvironment,andgroundwaterflowcondition,mineralizationandpHofgroundwater.

简介：甲醇(CH3哦)是有许多使用的重要工业化学药品。工业甲醇合成催化剂典型地由Cu，Zn，和艾尔组成，但是合并稀土元素元素的催化剂的使用被显示了改进催化表演。由于他们的唯一的化学、物理的性质，当在甲醇合成催化剂的稀土元素的使用没有时，在催化作用的稀土元素元素(钪，钇，和lanthanides)的使用一般来说继续了在过去几十年增加，尽管有经常改进性能。几个稀土元素元素的能力(Pr，Ce，Eu，Tb，Yb)做他们容易在氧化状态之间切换为催化剂的许多不同类型有益。然而，为甲醇合成，表面盐基度是一个重要性质，并且稀土元素元素的基本性质能被用来调节催化剂的盐基度。在稀土元素性质和催化性能之间的关联的一个小数字被观察了，但是经常不适用于另外的催化剂。象基本地点，离子的半径，和electronegativity的力量那样的性质被发现了与象活动或选择那样的表演结果相关。

简介：在为高高度的高山的环境的中国的西藏的高原上有一系列特殊的山土壤。然而，很少的研究在关系集中了于主要土壤元素在这个区域玷污形成。铝(艾尔)，铁(Fe)，钙(Ca)，钠(Na)，钾(K)和镁(Mg)237表层土满足盖住2.8-km的样品在沿着中国的Qinghai西藏铁路的无教养的区域的高度的坡度用诱导地联合的血浆被测量原子排放光谱学。到父母岩石和气候的参数的元素和它的关系的空间分发被分析。沿着坡度的土壤从父母材料的一个范围被导出，但是最与小发展(Cambisols)是不到30厘米深的。土壤艾尔，Fe和Mg内容显示了来自开始车站(Xining车站)的一个减少的趋势结束Qinghai西藏铁路的车站(拉萨车站)，而土壤K和Na内容是从Xining的相对马厩车站到Kunlun山然后逐渐地增加了。土壤Ca内容在Tanggula山的南部的部分是更低的。主要土壤元素内容清楚地反映了父母岩石和气候的影响。有更高的Ca内容的土壤与Ca-Mg碳酸盐岩石出现在区域，与更高级的艾尔一起的土壤在区域被发现与充满硅酸盐并且碎屑状的岩石和充满硅酸盐的铝矽酸盐松开的high-Al硅酸盐沉积。有更高的K和Na内容的土壤与high-K，high-Na和充满硅酸盐的铝矽酸盐岩石出现在区域。而Mg，Fe，Ca和艾尔的内容是降水影响的更多，土壤Na和K内容被温度影响。而Mg，Fe，Ca和艾尔的内容与增加降水减少了，土壤Na和K内容与增加温度增加了。这分析提供在土壤性质和很快变化的环境条件之间的一种关系。数据能被用来在土壤性质上调查气候或陆地使用变化的效果。

简介：SystematicgeochemicalstudiesoftheProterozoicLengjiaxiGroupinnortheasternHunanProvincesuggestthattheLengjiaxiGroupisaAu-As-Sb-Wassociation-typeAu-bearingturbiditeformation.ThecontentsofAu,As,Sb,W,Cr,Mn,PbandZnintheturbiditeformationaremorethantwotimesashighastheaveragecontentsoftraceelementsintheuppercontinentalcrust.ThelowabundanceofAgandtheclosecorrelationbetweenAuandAsaretwoimportantcharacteristicfeatures.IntheAu-bearingturbiditeformationtheenrichmentofgoldisduetotheextensiveoccurrenceofAu-bearingpyrites.HighercontentsofAu,W,SbandAginthegreywackeindicatethattheyalsoexistintheformofheavyminerals.Au,Ag,As,Sb,WandREEintheAu-bearingturbiditeformationhaveaclosegeneticrelationwiththechemistryofthegolddeposits.