简介：TheapplicationsofbionicmethodologydevelopedbytheLaboratoryofDesignandMaterialSelectionasbasisinthecreationofjunctionelementsweredemonstrated.TheseelementsfavortheapplicationofEcodesigninreferencetotheeffec-tivenessofproductdismountaimingthereductionofambientimpactinallitsphasesofuse.Thecreation,thedevelopmentandtheconfectionofnewjunctionelementsweredescribed,andcasestudiesofnewproductsdevelopedspecificallywiththispurposewerepresented.

简介：Thebindingofnuclearproteinspreparedfrommouseerythroidtissueindifferentdevelopmentalstagestothe5'-flankingregulatoryelementsofhumanβ-globingene,twonegativecontrolregions(NCR1,-610to-490bp;NCR2,-338,to-233bp),wasidentified.TwostagespecificproteinfactorscorrespondingtoembryonicandfetalstageswerefoundtobecapableofbindingtoNCR2.Thesedataprovidedevidencethatthecisactingelementsofthe5'-flankingregionmightbeinvolvedinthedevelopmentalcontrolofβ-globingeneandNCR2mightberesponsibleinartforthesilenceofβ-glolbingeneintheembryonicandfetalstages.

简介：Transposableelements(TEs)aremobilegeneticentitiesubiquitouslydistributedinnearlyallgenomes.HighfrequencyofcodonsendinginA/TinTEshasbeenpreviouslyobservedinsomespecies.Inthisstudy,thebiasesinnucleotidecompositionandcodonusageofTEtransposasesandhostnucleargeneswereinvestigatedintheAT-richgenomeofArabidopsisthalianaandtheGC-richgenomeofOryzasativa.CodonsendinginA/TaremorefrequentlyusedbyTEscomparedwiththeirhostnucleargenes.AremarkablepositivecorrelationbetweenhighlyexpressednucleargenesandC/G-endingcodonsweredetectedinO.sativa(r=0.944and0.839,respectively,P<0.0001)butnotinA.thaliana,indicatingacloseassociationbetweentheGCcontentandgeneexpressionlevelinmonocotspecies.Inbothspecies,TEcodonusagebiasesaresimilartothatofweaklyexpressedgenes.TheexpressionandactivityofTEsmaybestrictlycontrolledinplantgenomes.MutationbiasandselectionpressurehavesimultaneouslyactedontheTEevolutioninA.thalianaandO.sativa.TheconsistentlyobservedbiasesofnucleotidecompositionandcodonusageofTEsmayalsoprovideausefulcluetoaccuratelydetectTEsequencesindifferentspecies.

简介：到蚜虫蚜虫属gossypii的甜瓜线TGR1551的抵抗基于阻止蚜虫摄取韧皮部树液。在电的穿入图(EPG)，这个电阻与A被描绘了。显示出不平常地长的韧皮部分泌唾液时期(波形E1)的gossypii主要由小径活动(波形C)列在后面或如果由韧皮部摄取(波形E2)列在后面，摄取没为超过10min被支撑。有易受影响、抵抗的植物上的蚜虫的Stylectomy在当锥刺尖端是插入的韧皮部时，记录的EPG期间被执行。这被渗透的叶节，植物织物固定，嵌入的树脂，和ultrathinsectioning的解剖为传播电子跟随显微镜的观察以便在TGR学习抵抗机制。最明显的方面看起来是在锥刺运河和刺穿的筛元素内的韧皮部蛋白质的凝结。5个蚜虫的锥刺在筛元素(SE)期间每遗传型被切断分泌唾液(E1)和SE摄取(E2)。在易受影响的甜瓜植物的锥刺捆的Crosssections证明锥刺运河的内容完全是清楚的，也，没有凝结的韧皮部蛋白质发生在他们的刺穿的筛元素。相反，electrondense凝结在抵抗植物在两个地点被发现。由于钙绑定，蚜虫口水被假设了在阻止/压制如此的凝结起一个必要作用筛板并且在蚜虫锥刺的食物运河的那原因吸藏。关于E1分泌唾液的这个角色的疑问根据我们的结果被讨论。

简介：Asystematicphylogeneticfootprintingapproachwasperformedtoidentifycon-servedtranscriptionfactorbindingsites(TFBSs)inmammalianpromoterregionsusinghuman,mouseandratsequencealignments.Wefoundthatthescoredis-tributionsofmostbindingsitemodelsdidnotfollowtheGaussiandistributionrequiredbymanystatisticalmethods.Therefore,weperformedanempiricaltesttoestablishtheoptimalthresholdforeachmodel.WegaugedourcomputationalpredictionsbycomparingwithpreviouslyknownTFBSsinthePCK1genepro-moterofthecytosolicisoformofphosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase,andachievedasensitivityof75%andaspecificityofapproximately32%.Almostallknownsitesoverlappedwithpredictedsites,andseveralnewputativeTFBSswerealsoidentified.WevalidatedapredictedSP1bindingsiteinthecontrolofPCK1tran-scriptionusinggelshiftandreporterassays.Finally,weappliedourcomputationalapproachtothepredictionofputativeTFBSswithinthepromoterregionsofallavailableRefSeqgenes.OurfullsetofTFBSpredictionsisfreelyavailableathttp://bfgl.anri.barc.usda.gov/tfbsConsSites.

简介：Thenuclearmatrixattachmentregions(MARs)andthebindingnuclearmatrixproteinsinthe5'-flankingcisactingelementsofthehumanε-globingenehavebeenexamined.UsinginvitroDNA-matrixbindingassay,ithasbeenshownthatthepositivestage-specificregulatoryelement(ε-PREII,-446bp--419bp)upstreamofthisgenecouldspecificallyassociatewiththenuclearmatrixfromK562cells,indicatingthatε-PREIImaybeanerythroidspecificfacultativeMAR.IngelmobilityshiftassayandSouthwesternblottingassay,anerythroid-specificnuclearmatrixprotein(ε-NMPk)inK562cellshasbeenrevealedtobindtothispositiveregulatoryelement(ε-PREII).Furthermore,wedemonstratedthatthesilencer(-392bp--177bp)upstreamofthehumanε-globingenecouldassociatewiththenuclearmatricesfromK562,HELandRajicells.Inaddition,thenuclearmatrixproteinspreparedfromthesethreecelllinescouldalsobindtothissilencer,suggestingthatthissilencerelementmightbeaconstitutivenuclearmatrixattachmentregion(constitutiveMAR).Ourresultsdemonstratedthatthenuclearmatrixandnuclearmatrixproteinsmightplayanimportantroleintheregulationofthehumanε-globingeneexpression.

简介：对昆虫害虫的imidacloprid的普遍使用不仅增加了目标害虫抵抗的发展的率而且也在米饭植物和Nilaparvatalugens苏醒上导致了各种各样的否定效果。然而，在米饭的元素上的imidacloprid的效果种并且在米饭和N之间的这些元素变化的迁移。lugens糟糕当前被理解。现在的学习调查了Cu，Fe，Mn，Zn，Ca，K，Mg和Na的变化在跟随imidacloprid的米饭植物的内容在N的成年女性的叶的水花。从在对待的植物和蜜露上喂的美女发展的lugens由女性生产了。结果显示了叶的水花显著地增加了的那imidacloprid在叶鞘的Fe和K内容。通常，在叶片的Fe，Mn，K和Na内容显著地在叶片被减少，但是Ca满足因为10和30个mg/kgimidacloprid处理显著地被增加。除了在成年女性和蜜露的K和Mg的大多数元素的内容显著地被提高。Multivariate统计分析在叶片和Fe显示出那Fe，Mn和Na，在叶鞘的Mn能按比例被转移到N。lugens。在在成年女身体并且在蜜露的大多数元素之间的关系显示出一个积极关联系数。在在米饭植物和N的一些元素的内容有重要差别。从不同区域的lugens。