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简介：AbstractThere is increasing evidence that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in spent culture media (SCM) can be amplified for genetic testing. Therefore, this paper reviews the characteristics of cfDNA, including its fragment size, amount, origin, as well as some factors affecting the success rate of its amplification, together to provide researchers with a more comprehensive perspective on embryonic cfDNA. The origin of cfDNA in SCM is complicated and poses challenges to the interpretation of genetic test results. Advanced molecular techniques should distinguish between embryonic and contaminated DNA to maximize the success rate of amplification and analysis. Recent data showed that the type of culture medium, assisted hatching or not, the type of amplification kit, and fresh or thawed embryos were not related to the success rate of amplification, but the length of culture time might affect the success rate. The longer culture time, the more cfDNA is available in the SCM. Then we focused on the concordance between trophectoderm (TE), inner cell mass, whole embryo, and embryonic cfDNA. Despite successful amplification, the concordance between TE and embryonic cfDNA was low. In summary, non-invasive genetic testing using SCM could represent a major advance in future single embryo selection, however, contamination and timing for media collection are key factors affecting the results, and current non-invasive cfDNA testing should not be directly applied to clinical practice. Further research is needed to improve the methods used for testing techniques and genetic analysis to achieve greater accuracy and trace its origins before it can be used in the clinics.

简介：AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of an assay using dried plasma spot (DPS) and dried blood spot (DBS) samples for the serological detection of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. Between January and July 2019, plasma, DPS and DBS specimens were collected from individuals at high-risk for HCV infection. Samples were tested for anti-HCV by ELISA, and the performance of DPS and DBS specimens was examined using results from the plasma testing, as the standard. Blood samples were collected from 329 persons, including 129 men who have sex with men and 200 intravenous drug users. Results from the plasma testing indicated that 118 samples (59.0%) were HCV positive. Data from the DPS sample testing showed sensitivity as 99.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-1.00) and specificity as 100% (95% CI: 0.98-1.00) for HCV detection, with Kappa of 99.3% (95% CI: 0.98-1.00) while in DBS sample testing the sensitivity as 98.3% (95% CI: 0.93-1.00) and specificity as 100% (95% CI: 0.98-1.00), with Kappa of 98.7% (95% CI: 0.97-1.00), respectively. Spearman’s correlation coefficients for the comparisons between plasma and DPS specimen, plasma and DBS specimens, DPS and DBS specimens were 0.857, 0.750, and 0.739, respectively. Compared with the results in plasma, 1 sample was not detected using the DPS specimens, and 2 samples were failed for the positive detection, using the DBS specimens. Both DPS and DBS samples were promising alternatives to plasma, for the detection of anti-HCV antibodies.

简介：一四维变化(4D-Var)数据吸收方法在热带太平洋的一个改进中间的联合模型(ICM)被实现。一个成双的实验被设计基于ICM在ENSO分析和预言上评估4D-Var数据吸收算法的影响。模型错误被假定仅仅从参数无常产生。SST异例的观察，从拿缺省参数价值并且把Gaussian噪音增加的真相模型模拟被取样，直接错误地与它的参数集合被吸收进吸收模型。结果证明4D-Var有效地减少ENSO分析的错误因此与非吸收盒子相比改进ENSO事件的预言技巧。这些结果提供一个有希望的方法让ICM完成更好即时的ENSO预言。

简介：Toestablishasensitiveandspecificmethodforseroepidermiologicaldetectionofhumanher-pesvirus8(HHV-8)infection,threepotentantigenicproteinsencodedbyopenreadingframes(ORFs)K8.1,65and73CingenomeofHHV-8wereproducedasglutathioneS-transferasefusionproteinintheprokaryoticexpressionsystemandwasusedasantigenfortesting.Therecombinantfusionproteinex-pressedintheprokaryoticexpressionvectorE.coliBL21waspurifiedbyglutathioneSepharose4Baffin-itychromatographyandwasquantitatedwithSDS-PAGE.Allthese3fusionproteinsproducedinthepro-karyoticexpressionsystemshowedgoodimmunogenicityasdemonstratedbyWesternblottingandcouldberecognizedbymixedseraofpatientswithKaposi′ssarcoma(KS).Theimmuno-reactivitiesofthesingleorcompoundfusionproteinweredeterminedbymeansofELISAandcomparedwiththetraditionalimmu-nofluorescenceassay(IFA)todeterminetheirsensitivityandspecificityofthetest.Itwasdemonstratedthatthesensitivityofmixed-antigenELISAmethodwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofIFA(81.8%vs34.4%),whilethespecificityoftheformerwasdemonstratedtobe97.9%.Thecoincidenceofthede-tectionratebetweenthesetwomethodswasconsiderablyhigh,approachingupto90.0%.TheseresultssuggestthatthemixedantigenELISAassayappearstobeasensitiveandspecificmethodforsero-epide-miologicaldetectionofhumanherpesvirus8infection.

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简介：AbstractObjective:We aim to assess the clinical performance of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) testing for detecting common fetal aneuploidies as well as subchromosomal deletions/duplications and explore the pregnancy decisions in screen-positive cases.Methods:A cohort of 19,531 pregnant women was offered cffDNA testing for detection of trisomies 21, 18, and 13 (T21, T18, and T13); sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs); and subchromosomal deletions/duplications. Screen-positive cases were confirmed by karyotyping and single-nucleotide polymorphism array analysis.Results:A total of 47 cases failed the test. The overall screen-positive rate of chromosomal abnormalities was 1.07% (208/19,484), including 57 cases with T21, 18 cases with T18, 7 cases with T13, 106 cases with SCAs, and 20 cases of subchromosomal deletions/duplications. Positive predictive values were 91.30% (42/46), 38.46% (5/13), 33.33% (2/6), 41.33% (31/75), and 27.78% (5/18), respectively. There was no significant difference in the screening of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group (P > 0.05). All of the pregnant women who had confirmed fetal T21, T18, or T13 terminated their pregnancies, except for a case of T13 mosaic, whereas 45.16% (14/31) of women with fetal SCAs continued their pregnancies. Furthermore, 17 pregnant women with positive screens for T21, T18, or T13 without a subsequent diagnosis chose to terminate their pregnancy, whereas 29 of 31 women with SCAs chose to continue their pregnancies.Conclusions:CffDNA testing exhibited good screening accuracy for T21, T18, and T13 and also contributed to detecting fetal SCAs and subchromosomal deletions/duplications. Pregnant women with fetal 47, XXX or 47, XYY were more willing to terminate their pregnancy than those with fetal 45, X or 47, XXY.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Smell and taste loss are highly prevalent symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although few studies have employed objective measures to quantify these symptoms, especially dysgeusia. Reports of unrecognized anosmia in COVID-19 patients suggests that self-reported measures are insufficient for capturing patients with chemosensory dysfunction.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of recent COVID-19 infection on chemosensory function and demonstrate the use of at-home objective smell and taste testing in an at-risk population of healthcare workers.Methods:Two hundred and fifty healthcare workers were screened for possible loss of smell and taste using online surveys. Self-administered smell and taste tests were mailed to respondents meeting criteria for elevated risk of infection, and one-month follow-up surveys were completed.Results:Among subjects with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, 73% reported symptoms of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. Self-reported smell and taste loss were both strong predictors of COVID-19 positivity. Subjects with evidence of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (<45 days) had significantly lower olfactory scores but equivalent gustatory scores compared to other subjects. There was a time-dependent increase in smell scores but not in taste scores among subjects with prior infection and chemosensory symptoms. The overall infection rate was 4.4%, with 2.5% reported by PCR swab.Conclusion:Healthcare workers with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection had reduced olfaction and normal gustation on self-administered objective testing compared to those without infection. Rates of infection and chemosensory symptoms in our cohort of healthcare workers reflect those of the general public.

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简介：一双决定(医生)一个地区性的整体Kalman过滤器(EnKF)的版本-3D整体变化(3DEnVar)联合了混合数据吸收系统为预报的运作的快速的刷新作为一个原型被实现系统。医生3DEnVar系统联合一高分辨率(HR)确定的背景预报与降低决定(LR)EnKF整体不安使用了让流动依赖者背景错误协变性生产HR分析。计算费用被在LR运用整体预报和EnKF分析实质地减少。医生3DEnVar系统用40/13-km格子间距联合在一个9天的时期上与3-h周期被测试。从DR混合分析的HR预报与从HRGridpoint统计插值(GSI)3D发射的预报相比变化(3DVar)LR混血儿分析的分析，和单身者插入内推到HR格子。与DR3DEnVar系统，为整体协变性的90%重量产出最低预报错误，DR混合系统清楚地超过HRGSI3DVar。湿度和风预报也比从插入内推的LR混合分析发射的那些好，但是温度预报是稍微更坏的。湿度预报最被改进。为降水预报，DR3DEnVar总是超过HRGSI3DVar。它也超过LR3DEnVar，除了起始的预报时期和更低的阀值。

简介：ＳＥＲＯＥＰＩＤＥＭＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＦＥＰＳＴＥＩＮＢＡＲＲＶＩＲＵＳ（ＥＢＶ）ＩＮＦＥＣＴＩＯＮＢＹＴＥＳＴＩＮＧＡＮＴＩＢＯＤＩＥＳＡＧＡＩＮＳＴＥＢＶＳＰＥＣＩＦＩＣＤＮＡＳＥ（ＥＤＡｂ）ＡＳＡＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＥＡＲＬＹ...

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简介：AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effect of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) in infertile patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).Methods:A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed in a university-affiliated fertility center in Shanghai, China. Patients in the PGT-A group underwent blastocyst biopsy followed by single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray-based PGT-A and single euploid blastocyst transfer, whereas patients in the control group underwent routine in vitro fertilization/ICSI procedures and frozen embryo transfer of 1-2 embryos selected according to morphological standards.Results:Two hundred and seven infertile patients with RPL were included in this study and randomly assigned to either the control or the PGT-A group. Baseline variables and cycle characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The results showed that PGT-A significantly improved the ongoing pregnancy rate (55.34% vs. 29.81%) as well as the live birth rate (48.54% vs. 27.88%) and significantly reduced the miscarriage rate (0.00% vs. 14.42%) on a per-patient analysis. A significant increase in cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates over time was observed in the PGT-A group. Subgroup analysis showed that the significant benefit diminished for patients who attempted ≥2 PGT-A cycles.Conclusions:PGT-A significantly improved the ongoing pregnancy and live birth rate, while reduced miscarriage rate in infertile RPL patients. However, the significance diminished in patients attempting ≥2 cycles; thus, further studies are warranted to explore the most cost-effective number of attempts in these patients to avoid overuse.

简介：【摘要】目的：探究无创DNA产前检测（non-invasive prenatal testing，NIPT)在高龄孕妇胎儿非整倍体染色体疾病产前诊断中的临床应用价值，为高龄孕妇进行无创DNA临床应用提供依据。方法：收集2018年1月至2022年10月在我院自愿进行无创DNA产前检测的单胎高龄孕妇1183例，按年龄将孕妇分为35-39岁组(n=1100)与年龄≥40岁组(n=83)。采用NIPT高通量测序检测孕妇外周血中胎儿游离DNA。检测结果提示染色体高风险者行羊膜腔穿刺抽取羊水进行胎儿染色体核型分析。对检测结果提示低风险者通过电话随访进行验证。观察其胎儿染色体非整倍体疾病诊断。结果：1183例受检者NIPT检测结果提示，胎儿非整倍体染色体异常者12例，其中，21-三体5例，18-三体2例，13-三体1例，性染色体异常4例（2例47，XXX/XXY；1例47，XYY；1例45，XO）。NIPT检测在高龄孕妇中阳性率为1.01%(12/1183)。12例高风险孕妇其中自然流产1例，其余11例均做羊水穿刺，5例21-三体高风险均经羊水穿刺确诊，21-三体在高龄孕妇中的阳性预测值达到100%(5/5)，18-三体在高龄孕妇中的阳性预测值为50%(1/2)，1例13-三体经羊水穿刺排除，性染色体阳性预测值为50%(2/4)。35～39岁年龄组染色体异常高风险发生率为0.73%(8/1100)，年龄≥40岁组染色体异常高风险发生率为4.82%（4/83），两组比较，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05﹚。结论：NIPT检测对高龄孕妇胎儿 21-三体、18-三体及性染色体符合率较高，可明显减少高龄孕妇介入性产前诊断，但对 13- 三体和性染色体数目减少的符合率偏低，NIPT检测异常的孕妇仍需行羊水穿刺确诊，避免不必要的流产。