【英文标题】The Study of Gong Mo Dance:Its Past and Future
XU Zheng-ying(Culture and Communication School,Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052,China)
【 作 者】徐正英
【作者简介】徐正英(1960-),男,河南濮阳人,郑州大学中文系副教授,在读博士,主要从事先秦至六朝文学与文论研究。郑州大学 中文系,河南 郑州 450052
【内容提要】《公莫舞》是迄今仅存的两篇诗、乐、舞并录的汉代作品之一,东晋后已不可通读。十几个世纪以来关于《公莫舞》的研究一直未断。20世纪前的研究主要围绕作品来源、难解原因等外围问题进行:20世纪方开始对原文文本进行解读,现已初步揭示了其本辞真貌。笔者认为,未来的研究需要从西汉社会大背景、地上文献与地下文物结合、跨学科横向联合、改进学风诸方面做出努力。
【摘 要 题】秦汉与魏晋六朝文学
【英文摘要】Gong Mo Dance, one of the two existent pieces of writings of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)that recorded poem, music and dancing of a performance, became unintelligible after the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420).Since then the study of it has continued down to the present.Before the 20th century, the study was centered largely on the source of the writing or the cause of its unintelligibility.In the 20th century, students began to decipher it, and some of its inner meaning has been brought to light.The present writer believes that they should direct their efforts to the study of the social background of the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), and of both documents above ground and cultural relics unearthed.They should also foster interdisciplinary cooperation and improve their style of study.
【关 键 词】《公莫舞》研究/回顾/前瞻
study of Gong Mo Dance/look back/look forward
【 正 文】
中图分类号:I233 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8204(2002)06-0034-05
《公莫舞》古辞最早见于《宋书》卷二十二《乐志》四,称《巾舞歌诗》,或称《公莫巾舞歌行》,共308字。《南齐书》卷十一《乐志》载其歌辞开头15字,结尾25字,并与《宋书》略异。《乐府诗集》卷五十四亦载其全文,比《宋书》少“海何来婴”一叠句,共304字。因《公莫舞》声辞杂写,东晋后已不可句读,遂成千古之谜。本不得其解“似不必强作解人”[1](P105),但又因它与《铎舞歌·圣人制礼乐篇》是迄今仅存的两篇诗、乐、舞并录的作品,乃是研究汉代诗歌、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧的宝贵文献,所以,一千多年来,研究者不乏其人。大致说来,20世纪前主要是讨论外围问题,20世纪后则重在解读原文本身。
为便于回顾,依《宋书》照录原辞如下:
吾不见公莫时吾何婴公来婴姥时吾哺声何为茂时为来婴当思吾明月之上转起吾何婴土来婴转去吾哺声何为土转南来婴当去吾城上羊下食草吾何婴下来吾食草吾哺声汝何三年针缩何来婴吾亦老吾平平门淫涕下吾何婴何来婴涕下吾哺声昔结吾马客来婴吾当行吾度四州洛四海吾何婴海何来婴海何来婴四海吾哺声@①西马头香来婴吾洛道吾治五丈度汲水吾噫邪哺谁当求儿母何意零邪钱健步哺谁当吾求儿母何吾哺声三针一发交时还弩心意何零意弩心遥来婴弩心哺声复相头巾意何零何邪相哺头巾相吾来婴头巾母何何吾复来推排意何零相哺推相来婴推非母何吾复车轮意何零子以邪相哺转轮吾来婴转母何吾使君去时意何零子以邪使群去时使来婴去时母何吾思君去时意何零子以邪思君去时思来婴吾去时母何何吾吾。
20世纪前的《公莫舞》研究主要围绕两个方面进行。