简介：<正>浙江省新昌县争取防盲先进县的工作历时八年,现经省防盲指导组验收合格,全国防盲指导组评审通过,授予"全国防盲先进县"称号,现将我们的工作体会介绍如下。一、领导重视,分工合作,是做好防盲工作的关键。新昌县人民政府对防盲工作十分重视,自1988年起,把防盲工作纳入政府工作目标和卫生事业发展规划之中。为了加强对防盲工作的领导,成

简介：目的为了进一步了解永康市常见致盲眼病情况,更好的开展防盲治盲工作,为政府部门制订防盲计划提供决策依据。方法从2015年7月至2016年7月,我院采用流行病学描述性研究的方法,按1979年全国第二届眼科学术会议提出的WHO标准进行。对象当地城乡常住人口60岁以上不特定人群为主要对象,随机对永康市两个街道、四个乡镇、80余个行政村（自然村）、两所中学、八所小学、两个养老院共一万人次的致盲眼病,进行了流行病学抽样调查研究。结果第一位致盲眼病是白内障;第二位是外伤性陈旧性角膜病变;第三位是全身性基础性疾病引起的眼病,如高血压、糖尿病性眼病变。结论以上眼病是我市当前主要的致盲眼病,是现阶段防盲治盲的重点所在。

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简介：目的探讨榄香烯对人喉癌Hep-2细胞生长的影响和作用机制.方法用四甲基偶氮唑盐法(methylthiazolyltetrazoliumassay,MTT)测定榄香烯对喉癌细胞的抑制作用;以透射电镜来观察其形态学变化;采用DNA末端标记法(terminaldeoxynucleotidy1transferasemediateddeoxyuridinetriphosphatenickendlabelingmethod,TUNEL)研究细胞凋亡数;用免疫组化分析bcl-2蛋白在Hep-2细胞中的表达.结果榄香烯明显抑制Hep-2细胞的生长;透射电镜观察到染色质浓缩,沿着核膜排列,形成不同形状和大小的块状;DNA末端标记法说明,凋亡细胞数随药物浓度的提高逐渐增高;免疫组化结果提示榄香烯能使Hep-2细胞bcl-2蛋白表达降低.结论榄香烯能够抑制喉癌细胞的生长,其抑制作用与细胞凋亡有关,作用机制可能与bcl-2表达降低有关.

简介：目的：用Tono-Pen眼压计测量人眼角膜中央、旁中央、角巩缘部位眼压值，比较不同部位值的差异及相关性。方法：正常角膜用Tono-Pen眼压计依次测量角膜中心、旁中心、角膜缘眼压值，方差分析不同部位眼压的差异，分析结果的相关性。结果：Tono-Pen眼压计检测得出的眼压平均值角膜中央为16．28±2．73mmHg，旁中央为16．33±2．69mmHg，角巩缘为16．58±2．58mmHg．角膜中心与旁中心的相关系数r=0．966，P=0．000，角膜中心与角膜缘的相关系数为r=0．897．P=0．000，角膜旁中心与角膜缘的相关系数为r=0．910，P=0．000。不同部位眼压值差异没有显著性（F=0．093，P=0．913〉0．05）。结论：不同部位眼压值密切相关，差异没有统计学意义。Tono-Pen眼压计测量不同部位眼压均可取得较为一致的结果。

简介：AIM:Todeterminetheproliferativepotentialandthemaintenanceofstemcellactivityinstoredhumanlimbaltissues,andcorrelatethiswiththepreservationtime,cellviabilityandtheexpressionofstemcellmarkers.METHODS:Thirtylimbalrimsweresplitinto4partsandstoredincornealpreservationmediumat4℃for0,1,4,or7days.ThelimbalstemcellandmitoticmarkersP63,CK19,proliferatingcellnuclearantigen(PCNA),andKi67weredeterminedbyimmunohistochemicalstaining.Theproliferativepotentialoflimbalepithelialcellswasassessedbycellviability,theabilityofgeneratingstratifiedepithelium,andcolonyformingassay.RESULTS:Thestoredtissuesmaintainedlimbalstratifiedstructureto7daysandexhibitedcomparableexpressionlevelofstemcellandmitoticmarkers.Theproportionofviablecellsdecreasedwiththeprolongedpreservationtime,whilecolonyformingefficiencydecreasedfromthe1stdayanddisappearedatthe4thday.Wheninoculatedonamnioticmembrane,thecellspreservedfor1dayformedastratifiedepithelium,whilethecellsfrom4days’preservationformedadiscontinuouslayer.CONCLUSION:Thecolonyformingefficiencyoflimbalepithelialstem/progenitorcellsdecreasedrapidlywiththeincreasingpreservationtime,whiletheexpressionlevelofmarkersandcapacityofformingepithelialmonolayeronamnioticmembranedecreasedgradually.Thelimbalepithelialstemcellslosttheirfunctionearlierthanthelostexpressionlevelofstemcellmarkers.Thismayhelpustobetterchoosetheappropriatepreservationgraftsforfuturelimbalstemcelltransplantation.

简介：目的探讨健康体检中青光眼筛查方法及结果分析。方法采用同顾分析方法对我院健康体检数据库资料进行分析。结果在121697人健康体检中，发现青光眼1381例，患病率为1.14％，原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）810例，患病率为0.67％，原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）476例，患病率为0.39％，正常眼压性青光眼（NTG）44例，患病率为0.04％，继发性青光眼（SG）51例、患病率为0。04％。正常大陷门者112例，术发现先天性青光眼。结论青光眼筛查方法应简易、快捷、价廉及有效的。对健康体检作青光眼筛查足必要的并且足可行的，而且在健康体检数据中为所有受检建立健康档案，这对青光眼患者诊断、治疗及评估有十分重要意义，特别对可疑青光眼受检者有一个长期跟踪观察及对比机会。

简介：目的：探讨miR-181在白内障晶状体组织中的表达情况,及其对人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的调控机制。方法：利用Realtimeq-PCR方法,检测年龄相关性白内障患者晶状体前囊膜和人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡模型中miR-181的表达情况；利用Lipofectamine2000瞬时转染miR-181mimic和inhibitor调节人晶状体上皮细胞中miR-181的表达,利用Realtimeq-PCR方法验证转染效率,利用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率的变化。结果：与对照组相比,年龄相关性白内障患者晶状体前囊膜组和人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡模型组,miR-181的表达显著升高；miR-181mimic转染组,miR-181的表达显著升高,细胞凋亡率显著升高；miR-181inhibitor转染组,miR-181的表达显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：miR-181在年龄相关性白内障晶状体组织中呈高表达,miR-181能够促进人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡,从而可能在年龄相关性白内障的发病过程中发挥一定作用,miR-181可能成为白内障非手术治疗的一种新途径,但具体机制有待进一步研究。

简介：目的通过安徽省某县09年度与11年度分别开展的贫困白内障复明手术各300例（300眼），手术结果的比较，探讨防盲手术培训的重要性。方法手术均由通过培训与再培训并获得资格认证的两位医生完成。术前视力〈0．1，排除其他眼病及严重全身疾病。手术方式统一为小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术，植入的人工晶状体均为Alton晶状体，粘弹剂为玻璃酸钠（其胜，上海产）。术前、术后处理按照安徽省防盲手术要求执行。结果比较两年度病人的早期术后视力，术中及术后早期并发症，09年度与11年度比较，术后第一天裸眼视力≥0．3比率由49．5％上升至60．4％；术中玻璃体脱出由7％降至4％；角膜水肿发生率由16％降至11％；其他并发症同样明显减少。而每例白内障手术时间也由40分钟减少至22分钟。结论11年度手术质量明显好于09年。并且09年手术是在省防盲中心派一名教师现场指导下完成，而11年度则是完全是独立完成。这些结果均提示通过有效的防盲手术培训，能以明显的提高白内障手术质量；同时也充分证实了防盲手术培训是非常重要的。

简介：近十几年来，医务工作者与科学工程技术人员密切配合，研发了多种类型的外科手术机器人系统。在国外，每年都有大量的心外科和泌尿外科手术通过机器人完成。一些有预见性的耳鼻喉科医师也对这项新技术进行了积极的探索，展示了令人兴奋的前景。

简介：视野使用红色视标的视野检查可以发现显著的视野异常.简单的测试如正切暗点计屏也很有效.精确评估视野缺损需要视野计：人工（Goldmann）或者自动（Humphery）视野计可以给出详细的视野参数.但是结果受操作者的主观操作影响.

简介：青光眼青光眼是一组进行性的视神经病变，伴有视乳头特征性的结构改变和相应视野缺损的疾病。青光眼视神经病变的主要危险因素是眼压的升高。

简介：目的调查上海市奉贤区奉城镇60岁以上老年人群干眼的患病率及相关影响因素。方法2013年6～12月对上海市奉贤区奉城镇60岁以上人群采用随机整群分组抽样法,进行问卷调查,对有阳性症状的受检者做裸眼视力、裂隙灯、基础泪液分泌试验（SⅠt）、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）、角膜荧光素染色（FL）、睑板腺功能检查。结果随机抽取受检者2387例,实际受检者2058例,应答率为86.2%。受检者中干眼患者295例,患病率为14.3%,女性患病率为18.0%（208/1153）,男性患病率为9.6%（87/905）,女性高于男性（χ^2=29.22,P〈0.05）;80岁以上人群的干眼患病率为21.3%,70～79岁为15.8%,60～69岁为9.2%（χ^2=36.61,P〈0.005）。结论上海市奉贤区奉城镇60岁以上人群中,女性的干眼患病率高于男性。干眼患病率随年龄增长而升高,眼干涩、视疲劳、异物感为最常见症状,局部及全身多种因素均影响干眼的发生。干眼的社区防治对郊区眼病防治工作有着重要的意义。

简介：Thedamageofhumancornealcellsencounterwiththeproblemofavailabilityofcornealcellsforreplacement.Limitationofthesourceofcornealcellshasbeenrealized.Anattemptofdevelopmentofcornealepithelial-likecellsfromthehumanskin-derivedprecursor(hSKPs)hasbeenmadeinthisstudy.Combinationofthreeessentialgrowthfactors:epidermalgrowthfactor(EGF),keratinocytegrowthfactor(KGF)andhepatocytegrowthfactor(HGF)coulddemonstratesuccessfullyinductionofhSKPstodifferentiationintocornealcells.Theinducedcellsexpressedtheappearanceofmarkersofcornealepithelialcellsasshownbythepresenceofkeratin3(K3)byantibodylabelandWesternblotassay.TheK3geneexpressionofinducedhSKPscellsasshownbyreversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)technologywasalsodemonstrated.ThepresenceofthesemarkersatbothgeneandproteinlevelscouldleadtoourconclusionthatthedirectionaltransdifferentiationofhSKPscellsintocornealepithelialcellswassuccessfullydoneunderthiscellinductionprotocol.Thefindingshowsanewlyavailablestemcellsourcecanbeobtainedfromeasilyavailableskin.Cellsfromautologoushumanskinmightbeusedforcornealdisordertreatmentinfutureclinicalapplication.

简介：AIM:Toestablishanuntransfectedhumancornealstromal(HCS)celllineandcharacterizeitsbiocompatibilitytoacellularporcinecornealstroma(aPCS).·METHODS:PrimaryculturewasinitiatedwithapurepopulationofHCScellsinDMEM/F12media(pH7.2)containing20%fetalbovineserumandvariousnecessarygrowthfactors.Theestablishedcelllinewascharacterizedbygrowthproperty,chromosomeanalysis,tumorigenicityassay,expressionofmarkerproteinsandfunctionalproteins.Furthermore,thebiocompatibilityofHCScellswithaPCSwasexaminedthroughhistologicalandimmunocytochemistryanalysesandwithlight,electronmicroscopies.·RESULTS:HCScellsproliferatedtoconfluence2weekslaterinprimarycultureandhavebeensubculturedtopassage140sofar.AcontinuousuntransfectedHCScelllinewithapopulationdoublingtimeof41.44hoursatpassage80hasbeendetermined.Resultsofchromosomeanalysis,morphology,combinedwiththeresultsofexpressionofmarkerproteinandfunctionalproteinssuggestedthatthecellsretainedHCScellproperties.Furthermore,HCScellshavenotumorigenicity,andwithexcellentbiocompatibilitytoaPCS.·CONCLUSION:Anuntransfectedandnon-tumorigenicHCScelllinehasbeenestablished,andthecellsmaintainedpositiveexpressionofmarkerproteinsandfunctionalproteins.Thecellline,withexcellentbiocompatibilitytoaPCS,mightbeusedforinvitroreconstructionoftissue-engineeredHCS.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethediffusioncharacteristicsofwaterofopticnerveandopticradiationinhealthyadultsanditsrelatedfactorsbydiffusiontensorimaging（DTI）at3T.METHODS:Atotalof107healthyvolunteersperformedheadconventionalMRIandbilateralopticnerveandopticradiationDTI.TheprimarydataofDTIwasprocessedbypost-processingsoftwareofDTIstudio2.3,obtainingfractionalanisotropyvalue,meandiffusivityvalue,principalenginevalue,orthogonalenginevaluebymeasuring,andanalyzedbytheSPSS13.0statisticalsoftware.RESULTS:Thebilateralopticnerveandopticradiationfiberspresentedgreencolorindirectionalencodedcolor（DEC）mapsandpresentedhighsignalinfractionalanisotropy（FA）maps.TheFAvalueoftheleftopticnervewas0.598±0.069andtherightwas0.593±0.065;themeandiffusivity（MD）valueoftheleftopticnervewas（1.324±0.349）×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas（1.312±0.350）x10-3mm2/s;theprincipalenginevalue(λ?)oftheleftopticnervewas（2.297±0.522）×10-4mm2/sandtherightwas（2.277±0.526）×10-3mm2/s;theorthogonalenginevalue（λ⊥）oftheleftopticnervewas（0.838±0.285）×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas（0.830±0.280）×10-3mm2/s;theFAvalueoftheleftopticradiationwas0.636±0.057andtherightwas0.628±0.056;themeandiffusivity（MD）valueoftheleftopticradiationwas（0.907±0.103）×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas（0.889±0.125）×10-3mm2/s;theprincipaleigenvalue(λⅡ)oftheleftopticradiationwas（1.655±0.210）×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas（1.614±0.171）×10-3mn2/s;theorthogonalenginvalue（λ⊥）oftheleftopticradiationwas（0.531±0.103）×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas（0.524±0.152）×10-3m

简介：AIM:Todeterminewhethersinglenucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)rs641153isassociatedwiththeriskofage-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD),weperformedasystematicmeta-analysisof15eligiblestudies.SNPinthecomplementfactorB(CFB)geneisconsideredtohavesignificantassociationwithAMDsusceptibility,butthereisgreatdiscrepancyintheseresults.METHODS:TheeligiblestudieswereidentifiedbysearchingthedatabasesofPubMed,EMBASE,andWebofScience.Oddsratios(ORs)with95%confidenceintervals(CIs)wereusedtoassesstheassociation.AlldatawereanalyzedusingStatasoftware.RESULTS:Theassociationbetweenrs641153andAMDriskwasstatisticallysignificantunderthehomozygousmodel(AAvsGG:OR=0.26,95%CI=0.15-0.45,P_h=0.973,/~2=0.0%,fixedeffects),dominantmodel(AA+GAvsGG:OR=0.49,95%CI=0.40-0.59,P_h=0.004,/~2=56.4%,randomeffects)andrecessivemodel(AAvsGA+GG:OR=0.30,95%CI=0.17-0.51,R_n=0.983,I~2=0.0%,fixedeffects).Thesameresultswerealsoobservedinthestratifiedanalysesbyethnicity,sourceofcontrolandsamplesize.CONCLUSION:Ourmeta-analysissuggeststhatrs641153intheCFBgenemayplayaprotectiveroleinAMDsusceptibility,thelateAMDinparticular,bothinCaucasiansandinAsians.

简介：AIM:Todemonstratethemorphologyandstructureofinvitroreconstructedtissue-engineeredhumancornealepithelium(TE-HCEP)withseedercellsfromanuntransfectedHCEPcellline.·METHODS:TheTE-HCEPswerereconstructedinvitrowithseedercellsfromanuntransfectedHCEPcellline,andscaffoldcarriersofdenudedamnioticmembrane(dAM)inair-liquidinterfaceculturefor3,5,7and9days,respectively.Thespecimenswereexaminedwithhematoxylin-eosin(HE)stainingofparaffin-section,immunocytochemicalstaining,scanningandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy.·RESULTS:DuringinvitroreconstructionofTE-HCEP,HCEPcellsformeda3-4,6-7and8-10layersofanHCEP-likestructureondAMsinair-liquidinterfaceculturefor3,5and7days,respectively.Butthecellsdeceasedto5-6layersandthestructureofstraifiedepitheliumbecamelooseatday9.Andthecellsmaintainedpositiveexpressionofmarkerproteins(keratin3andkeratin12),cell-junctionproteins(zonulaoccludens-1,E-cadherin,connexin43andintegrinβ1)andmembranetransportproteinofNa+-K+ATPase.TheHCEPcellsinTE-HCEPwererichinmicrovillionapicalsurfaceandestablishednumerouscell-cellandcell-dAMjunctionsatday5.·CONCLUSION:ThemorphologyandstructureofthereconstructedTE-HCEPweresimilartothoseofHCEPinvivo.TheHCEPcellsinthereconstructedTE-HCEPmaintainedthepropertiesofHCEPcells,includingabilitiesofformingintercellularandcell-extracellularmatrixjunctionsandabilitiesofperformingmembranetransportation.TheuntransfectedHCEPcellsanddAMscouldpromisinglybeusedinreconstructionHCEPequivalentforclinicalcornealepitheliumtransplantation.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheaccuracyofsphericalequivalent(SE)estimatesofadouble-passsystemandtocompareitwithretinoscopy,subjectiverefractionandatablemountedautorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegicrefractionwasperformedon125eyesof65healthyadults(age23.5±3.0years)fromOctober2010toJanuary2011usingretinoscopy,subjectiverefraction,autorefraction(AutokeratorefractometerTOPCONKR-8100,Japan)andadoublepasssystem(OpticalQualityAnalysisSystem,OQAS,VisiometricsS.L.,Spain).Nineconsecutivemeasurementswiththedouble-passsystemwereperformedonasubgroupof22eyestoassessrepeatability.ToevaluatethetruenessoftheOQASinstrument,theSElaboratorybiasbetweenthedoublepasssystemandtheothertechniqueswascalculated.RESULTS:TheSEmeancoefficientofrepeatabilityobtainedwas0.22D.SignificantcorrelationscouldbeestablishedbetweentheOQASandtheSEobtainedwithretinoscopy(r=0.956,P<0.001),subjectiverefraction(r=0.955,P<0.001)andautorefraction(r=0.957,P<0.001).ThedifferencesinSEbetweenthedouble-passsystemandtheothertechniquesweresignificant(P<0.001),butlackedclinicalrelevanceexceptforretinoscopy;Retinoscopygavemorehyperopicvaluesthanthedouble-passsystem-0.51±0.50Daswellasthesubjectiverefraction-0.23±0.50D;Moremyopicvalueswereachievedbymeansofautorefraction0.24±0.49D.CONCLUSION:Thedouble-passsystemprovidesaccurateandreliableestimatesoftheSEthatcanbeusedforclinicalstudies.Thistechniquecandeterminethecorrectfocuspositiontoassesstheocularopticalquality.However,ithasarelativelysmallmeasuringrangeincomparisonwithautorefractors(-8.00to+5.00D),andrequirespriorinformationontherefractivestateofthepatient.

简介：AIM:ToInvestigatetheeffectsoftransforminggrowthfactorβ2(TGF-β2)andconnectivetissuegrowthfactor(CTGF)ontransdifferentiationofhumanlensepithelialcells(HLECs)culturedinvitroandsynthesisofextracellularmatrix(ECM).METHODS:HLECsweretreatedwithTGF-β2(0,0.5,1.0,5,10μg/L)andCTGF(0,15,30,60,100μg/L)fordifferenttimes(0,24,48,72h)invitroandtheexpressionofα-smoothmuscleactin(α-SMA),themaincomponentoftheextracellularmatrixtypeⅠcollagen(Col-1)andfibronectin(Fn)weremeasuredbyusingreal-timepolymerasechainreaction(PCR)andwestern-blot.RESULTS:TGF-β2andCTGFsignificantlyincreasedexpressionofα-SMAmRNAandprotein(P<0.05,P<0.001),FnmRNAandprotein(P<0.001),Col-1mRNAandprotein(P<0.001).TGF-β2couldinduceHLECsexpressionofCTGFmRNAandproteinindosedependentmanner(P<0.05,P<0.001).TGF-β2andCTGFcouldinduceHLECstoexpressα-SMA,FnandCol-1intime-dependentmanner.EachtimeofTGF-β2andCTGFinducedHELCsexpressionofα-SMA,Fn,Col-1mRNAandproteinwassignificantincreasecomparedwithcontrol(P<0.05,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:TGF-β2andCTGFcouldinduceHLECsepithelialmesenchymaltransitionandECMsynthesis.