简介：Theacousticstartleresponsehasbeenusedtoevaluatetinnitusandhyperacusisinanimalmodels.Gapinducedprepulseinhibitionoftheacousticstartlereflex(gap-PPI)isaffectedbytinnitusandloudnesschanges.Sincetinnitusandreducedsoundtolerancearecommonlyseeninelderly,wemeasuredgap-PPIinFischer344rats,anagingrelatedhearinglossmodel,atdifferentages:3-5months,9-12months,and15-17months.Thestartleresponsewasinducedbythreedifferentintensityofsound:105,95and85dBSPL.Gap-PPIwasinducedbydifferentdurationofsilentgapsfrom1to100ms.Whenthestartlewasinducedby105dBSPLsoundintensity,thegap-PPIinducedby50mssilentgapwassignificantlylowerthanthoseinducedby25or100msduration,showinga"notch"inthegap-PPIfunction.The"notch"disappearedwiththereductionofstartlesound,suggestingthe"notch"mayberelatedwithhyper-sensitivitytoloudsound.Astheintensityofthestimulusdecreased,theappearanceofthehyperacusis-likeeffectdecreasedmorequicklyfortheyoungestgroupofrats.Wealsotestedscopolamine,amuscarinicacetylcholinereceptorantagonist,andmecamylamine,anicotinicacetylcholinereceptorantagonist,ontheeffectofgap-PPI.Whenscopolaminewasadministered,theresultsindicatednoadditioneffectonthehyperacusis-likephenomenoninthetwooldergroups.Mecamylamine,thenicotinicantagonistalsoshowedeffectsontheappearanceofhyperacusisonratsindifferentages.Theinformationderivedfromthestudywillbefundamentalforthefurtherresearchindeterminingthecauseandtreatmentforhyperacusis.

简介：Salt-affectedsoilsextensivelydistributeontheearth.Althoughthecausesarevarious,generallyspeakingsalinizationoccurrenceresultsfromtheaccumulationoffreesaltstoanextentthatcausesdegradationofvegetationandsoils.Besides,irrationalhumanpracticeshaveincreasedsoilsalinitybyallowingexcessrechargingofgroundwatertochangethenaturalbalanceofthewatercycleinthelandscape.Thisreducesthesuitabilitytoplantgrowthandincreasesthepotentialforotherformsofland...

简介：Woodpropertiesfrom28trees(Populuseuramericana)selectedfromhealthyandacidraindamagedforestweremeasuredtoevaluatethepossibleimpactsonwoodqualityandutilization.Ontheheavilydamagedlocation,thepHvalueofprecipitationrangedfrom3.7-5.0,andsulfateloadingrangedfrom20-40kg·ha-2.y-1.Quantitativeandqualitativestudiesonringwidth,physicalpropertiesandmechanicalpropertiesindicatedthatchangesofwoodpropertiesbetweendiseasedandhealthypoplaroccurred.Aci...

简介：

简介：Toevaluatetheeffectofvegetativefilterstripsonsedimenttrapping,thespatialdistributionofdepositedsediment,andthesizedistributionofdepositedparticlesfromhyperconcentratedflows,asimulatedgrassfilterstripexperimentwasconductedwithplasticgrassusinganadjustableslopesteelflume.Thesimulatedvegetationcoverwas36%,andtheinflowsedimentconcentrationsappliedwere147,238,320,and429kgm~(-3).Thesedimentconcentrationintheoutflow,andthesedimentparticlesizeweredetermined.Theresultsshowedthatthegrassfilterstripstrappedmostofthesedimentfrominflowatlowsedimentconcentration.Thedepositionefficiencydecreasedwithincreasingsedimentconcentration,being55.2%and15.7%inthe147and429kgm~(-3)sedimenttreatments,respectively.Mostofthedepositedsedimentsweredistributedintheupperflume.Inaddition,thegrassfilterstripsmainlytrappedthecoarsesediment(particlesize>10μm).

简介：

简介：节省水的灌溉方法逐渐地在温室或塑料电影房子为蔬菜耕作被使用了。然而，有关土壤磷(P)行为上的节省水的灌溉方法的效果有有限信息。在这个实验，滴下并且表面下的灌溉方法被使用，与是的沟灌溉方法控制，在MollicGleysols。在整个深度的土壤P分发被灌溉方法显著地影响。全部，Olsen，器官、无机的P内容比在心土(20–30，30–40，40–50和50–60厘米)在表层土(0–10和10–20厘米)是更大的。在整个0–60厘米层在下面的OlsenP内容滴下并且表面下的灌溉处理在沟灌溉处理下面是比那低的。然而，全部、器官、无机的P从20～60厘米满足在下面滴灌溉处理比或近到在沟灌溉处理下面的那些高，但是比在沟灌溉处理下面在表面下的灌溉处理下面是更低的。在表面下的灌溉处理下面，在0–10厘米层的全部、器官、无机的P的内容是78.0%，1.3%和3.7%比那些大在10–20厘米层分别地。但是在10–20厘米层的OlsenP内容是5.7%比那大在0–10厘米层。这些建议那土壤P行为能被土壤水管理操作到某程度。

简介：AleachingexperimentwasCarriedoutwithrepackedsoilcolumnsinlaboratorytostudytheleachingprocessofaredsoilderivedfromsandstoneasaffectedbyvariousfertilizationpractices.ThetreatmentswereCK(asacontrol),CaCO3,CaSO4,MgCO3,Ca(H2PO4)2,Urea,KCl,Multiple(amixtureoftheabovementionedfertilizers)andKNO3,Thefertilizerswereaddedtothebaresurfaceofthesoilcolumns,andthenthecolumnswereleachedwith120mLdeionizedwaterdailythroughperstalticpumpsoveraperiodof92days,Attheendofleachingprocess,soilsweresampledfromdifferentdepthsofthesoilprofiles,i.o.,of92days,Attheendofleachingprocess,soilsweresampledfromdifferentdepthsofthesoilprofiles,I.e.0-5cm,5-10cm,10-20cm,20-40cm,and40-60cm,TheresultsshowedwhenapplyingCa,Mg,andKtothebaresurfaceofthesoilcolumns,exchangeableCa^2+,Mg^2+,andK^+intheupperlayerofthesoilprofileincreasedcorrespondingly,withanextentdependingmainlyontheapplicationratesofCa,Mg,andKandshowingadownwardtrend,CaCO3,CaSO4,MgCO3,andCa(H2PO4)2treatmentshadscarcelyandeffectonmovementofexchangeableK^+,whileCaCO3,andCaSO4treatmentssingnificantlypromotedthedownwardmovementofexchangealbleMg^2+althoughthesetwotreatmentshadnoobviouseffectonleachinglossesofMg,ThefactthatunderUreatreatment,exchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+,werehigherascomparedtoCKtreatmentshowedureacouldpreventleachingofexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+,theobviousdownwardmovementofexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+wasnoticedinKCltreatment,InMultipletreatment,thedownwardmovementofexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+wasevident,whilethatofK^+waslessevident,ApplicationofKNO3stronglypromotedthedownwardmovementofexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+inthesoilprofile.

简介：Quantitativeresearchontheheataffectedzone(HAZ)ofweavebeadwelding(WBW)jointforInvaralloyiscarriedoutinthispaper.Basedonthemorphologyandrelateddataanalysisoftheweldseam,thewidthdifferenceofeachlayerandtheformingmechanismareanalyzed.Resultsshowthatthebottomlayer(Layer1)hasthewidestHAZandthesmallestfluctuation,whichreaches1200μm.HAZwidthoflayer2to5isrelativelynarrowerwhichisbasicallybelow600μm,whiletheamplitudefluctuationisgreater.Themainreasonliesintheweldingpath.Thelongstraightweldingwithoutweavecausesthebasemetalnearthegroovefullymeltswhichcausesbythelongstraightweldingwithoutweave,whileweldingwithweaveleadstotheunevenandinadequatemeltingofmetalneargroove.

简介：加中国药用的忿恨评估针灸的治疗学的功效并且在在击以后的半身麻痹对待影响手足的浮肿洗。

简介：Thestudyshowsthatearthquake-affectedtime-spacedomain(ETSD),i.e.atime-spacerangeinwhichstrongearthquakesareunabletooccurowingtotheinfluenceofapriorearthquakeoccurring,showsahyperbolicmargincurveinthet(time)-r(distance)coordinateplane,whichhasamaximumaffectedradiusr0att=0andamaximuminfluencetimet0(i.e.theinsiturecurrenceintervalofearthquakes)atr=0.Basedonthetime-distancedistributionsofposteriorearthquakesrelativetoproronesintheregionsofNorthChina,NorthwestChina,Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)plateauandSouthwestChina,theoptimizedand90%-confidencemargincurvesareestimatedusingoptimizationandstatisticalanalysismethods.ThisindicatesthattheconceptandmethodofETSDwith3-dimension(time-distance-magnitudes)insteadofthoseof"recurrenceinterval"with1-dimension(time)or2-dimension(time-magnitude)providesanewapproachtounderstandingthefluctuationofseismicactivities,estimatingtheeffectiveearthquake-preparationtimeofpotentialhypocenters,andthereforeimprovingthemediumandlong-termpredictionofstrongearthquakes.

简介：

简介：Effectsoforganicfertilizersandeffectivemicrobesonlefwaterretentionofsweetcorn(ZeamaysL.cv.Honey-Bantam)werestudied.Sweetcornsweregrownwithorganicorchemicalfertilzerswithorwithouteffectivemicrobes(EM).Awaterretentionurvewasobtainedbydryingtheexcisedleavesunderalightof500μmol(m^2.s)^-1,Thecureshowstwodistinctphases.Theinitialsteepslopeindicatesthewaterlossspeedbystomataltranspiration(Est)andthegentleslopeofthesecondphaseindicateswaterlossspeedbycuticulartranspiration(Ecu).BothEstandEcuwerelowerforleavesofplantsgrownwithorganicmaterialsthanfrothoewithchemicalfertilizers.AdditionofEMtobothorganicandchemicalfertilizersdecreasedEstbutshowednoeffectonEcu.Thewaterretentionabilityoftheexcisedleaveswasproportionaltopho-tosyntheticmaintenanceabilityundersoilwaterdeficitconditionsaswellasthesolteconcentrationinleaves,TheresultssuggestedthatorganicfertilizationandEMappicationincreasedwaterstressresistancebothunderinsituconditionsandinexcisedleavesofsweetcornplants.

简介：Forrecentyears,runoffgenerationandhydrologicalprocessesinHailiutuRiverbasinhavebeengreatlychangedbyclimatechangeandhumanactivity,especiallywaterandsoilconservationconstruction.Inthisstudy,thetrendsinprecipitation,evapotranspiration(ET)andriverrunoffaswellastheeffectsofprecipitationchangeandhumanactivityonrunoffvariationhavebeenstudied.Theresultsshowedthatduring1960-2000,annualprecipitationandriverrunoff,monthlyprecipitationandETinSeptemberandOctoberaswellasmonthlyrunoffinallmonthsshowedasignificantdecrease.Inaddition,peakflowandbaseflowhadalargedecrease.Underthejointinfluenceofprecipitationchangeandhumanactivity,themeanannualrunoffdecreasedby35millionm3fromthebaselineperiod(1960-1985)tothechangeperiod(1986-2000),whichaccountedfor60.9%and39.1%ofthetotalrunoffdecrease,respectively.Precipitationchangeplayedaprimaryroleinthedecreaseofannualrunoffwhereashumanactivity,particularlywaterandsoilconservationconstruction,alsohadremarkableimpactsonrunoffvariation.

简介：Alaboratorylysimeterexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofforagecorn(ZeamaysL.)stalkapplicationontheCO2concentrationinsoilairandcalcareoussodicsoilreclamation.Theexperimentaltreatmentstestedweresoilexchangeablesodiumpercentage(ESP)levelsof1,11,and19,addedcornstalkcontentsof0to36gkg-1,andincubationdurationsof30and60days.TheexperimentalresultsindicatedthatcornstalkapplicationandincubationsignificantlyincreasedCO2partialpressureinsoilprofileandloweredpHvalueinsoilsolution,subsequentlyincreasednativeCaCO3mineraldissolutionandelectrolyteconcentrationofsoilsolution,andfinallysignificantlycontributedtoreductiononsoilsodicitylevel.Thereclamationeffciencyofcalcareoussodicsoilsincreasedwiththeaddedcornstalk.Whencornstalkswereaddedattheratesof22and34gkg-1intothesoilwithinitialESPof19,itsESPvaluewasdecreasedby56%and78%,respectively,afterincubationof60daysandtheleachingof6.5porevolumes(about48Lofpercolationwater)withdistilledwater.Therefore,cropstalkapplicationandincubationcouldbeusedasachoicetoreclaimmoderatecalcareoussodicsoilsorasasupplementofphytoremediationtoimprovereclamationeffciency.

简介：Afieldexperimentwasconductedfrom1999to2002tocompareandevaluatetheeffectsofnutrientandwaterregimesonpaddysoilqualitybyinvestigatingsoilchemicalandmicrobiologicalparameters.Fournutrientregimes,acontrol,chemicalfertilizersonly(CF),chemicalfertilizerswithswinemanure(SM),andchemicalfertilizerswithwheatstraw(WS),andtwosoilmoistureregimes,continuouswaterlogging(CWL)andalternatewettinganddrying(AWD),wereinvestigated.WithSMandWStotalorganiccarbonandtotalnitrogeninthepaddysoilweresignificantlyhigher(P＜0.05)thanthosewithCF.AsimilareffectfororganicamendmentswasobservedinthesoillightfractionorganicC(LFOC),water-solublecarbohydrates(WSC),andwater-solubleorganicC(WSOC).CWL,inparticularwhenswinemanurewasincorporatedintothepaddysoil,markedlydecreasedsoilredoxpotential(Eh)andincreasedtotalactivereducingsubstances(ARS).Meanwhile,ascomparedtoCF,SMandWSsignificantly(P＜0.05)increasedsoilmicrobialbiomassC(MBC)andmineralizablecarbon,withdifferencesinAWDbeinghigherthanCWL.Inaddition,SMandWStreatmentssignificantly(P＜0.05)improvedriceabove-groundbiomassandgrainyield,withAWDbeinggreaterthanCWL.Thus,forecologicallysustainableagriculturalmanagementofpaddysoils,long-termwaterloggingshouldbeavoidedwhenorganicmanurewasincorporatedintopaddysoil.

简介：

简介：PhosphorussorptioncapacitywasinvestigatedinsurfacesedimentsderivedfromanabandonedzincleadminearealocatedinnortheasternAlgeria.Theformsandthedistributionofphosphorusintherawsedimentwereidentifiedusingthesequentialchemicalextractionsmethod.Batchexperimentsweredonetostudytheadsorptionkineticsandisotherms.ThepHeffectwasevaluatedbymacroscopicandinfraredanalyses.Inrawsediment,speciationresultsshowthatphosphorusisdominantlyboundtooxyhydroxides.Sorptionexperimentsdemonstratethatphosphorusuptakeisprincipallyrelatedtosedimentcomposition.Thenatureofthedominantironoxyhydroxidehasasubstantialroleintheadsorptioncapacityandthemechanisminteraction.TheadsorptionkineticscanbedescribedbythesecondorderandElovichmodels.TheisothermsdataaresuccessfullymodeledbytheTemkinequation.ThemaximumphosphorusremovalisreachedunderacidicpH.Spectroscopicanalysesrevealthatthepredominanceofjarositeimplieselectrostaticinteractionwithsedimentparticles.However,inthecaseofschwertmannitepredominance,phosphateionsareadsorbedbytheligandexchangemechanism.&2017InternationalResearchandTrainingCentreonErosionandSedimentation/theWorldAssociationforSedimentationandErosionResearch.PublishedbyElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.

简介：FragileXsyndromeisthemostcommonformofinheritedmentalretardationaffectingupto1in4000individuals.ThesyndromeisinducedbyamutationintheFMR1gene,causingadeficiencyinitsgeneby-productFMRP.ImpairmentinthenormalfunctioningofFMRPleadstolearningandmemorydeficitsandheightenedsensitivitytosensorystimuli,includingsound(hyperacusis).ThemolecularbasisoffragileXsyndromeisthoroughlyunderstood;however,theneuralmechanismsunderlyinghyperacusishavenotyetbeendetermined.Astheinferiorcolliculus(IC)istheprincipalmidbrainnucleusoftheauditorypathway,thecurrentstudyaddressesthequestionsunderlyingtheneuralmechanismofhyperacusiswithintheICoffragileXmice.AcuteexperimentswereperformedinwhichelectrophysiologicalrecordingsoftheICinFMR1-KOandWTmiceweremeasured.ResultsshowedthatQ-valuesforWTweresignificantlylargerthanthatofFMR-1KOmice,indicatingthatWTmiceexhibitsharpertuningcurvesthanFMR1-KOmice.WealsofoundtheratioofthemonotonicneuronsintheKOmicewasmuchhigherthantheWTmice.TheseresultssuggestthatlackofFMRPintheauditorysystemaffectsthedevelopmentalmaturationandfunctionofstructureswithintheauditorypathway,andinthiscasespecificallytheIC.ThedysfunctionobservedwithintheauditoryneuralpathwayandinparticulartheICmayberelatedtotheincreasedsusceptibilitytosoundasseeninindividualswithfragileXsyndrome.OurstudymayhelponunderstandingthemechanismsofthefragileXsyndromeandhyperacusis.

简介：海水咸度被潮，蒸发和雨下降极大地影响。在这研究，我们调查了生长和对的导出接合子的UlvafasciataDelilegermlings的光合的回答短期(分钟)并且延长(天)暴露到不同咸度坡度，在这棵海草在生活历史的早阶段上评估咸度变化的效果。结果显示出那，最大的网U的光合的率(NPRm)。fasciatagermlings显著地被减少在脱盐(25和15)并且在短期的暴露测试的高度(45)咸度海水(在分钟)。在30min以后，然而，在中等咸度(25)的光合作用活动在相对高水平被维持(超过70%)。在8d延长了文化以后，光合作用和germlings的吝啬的相对生长率(RGR)都显著地被降低，而malondialdehyde(MDA)内容作为从34～15脱盐的咸度增加了。从34～25的咸度减少没在RGR上有重要效果，但是显然影响了germlings的形态学。高咸度水平(45)显著地压抑U的RGR和光合作用。fasciatagermlings，当它显著地增加了MDA内容时。结果比咸度减少证明咸度举起在Ulvafasciatagermlings上有更有害的效果。在咸度海水种的germlings从25～34铺平，在暂时、延长的文化两个都执行了更好的光合的环境适应。在U的从25～34的宽广咸度忍耐。fasciatagermlings可能部分作为对的回答演变常规日报潮。