简介：AbstractObjective:To test the feasibility of a real time miniature endoscope system for imaging the nasopharynx.Study design:Preclinical assessment on skull model and cadaver.Methods:A 3.5 mm miniature endoscope was fabricated and the image capture of the nasopharynx was investigated by positioning the miniature camera system at the posterior free edge of the vomer bone. Wireless real time transmission of the images and quality was tested in a skull model. Next, three nasopharyngeal surveillance miniature camera system were developed for possible clinical translation. Two prototypes were anchored on the nasal septum and the last prototype was designed using a patient self-administered surveillance process. These prototypes were tested for feasibility on both the phantom skull and cadaveric model. Risk assessments were also performed to assess risk, safety and validate the reliability of the material utilized for clinical translation.Results:Insertion and anchorage of the miniature surveillance endoscope prototypes at the vomer bone were feasible on all 3 prototypes. The quality of captured images was reasonable and miniaturized camera was responsive to pan at different angles so that the entire nasopharynx may be surveyed. Risk assessments on the material such as pull out test, breaking force analysis, finite element test and tensile strength test were reliable for possible clinical translation.Conclusions:Real time miniature endoscope system for surveillance of nasopharyngeal cancer is feasible. Clinical translation of this technology was possible but requires further refinement in enhancing image quality and wireless transmission of the captured images.

简介：ＬＥＡＫＡＧＥＴＥＳＴＩＮＧＯＦＥＮＤＯＳＣＯＰＥＬＥＡＫＡＧＥＴＥＳＴＩＮＧＯＦＥＮＤＯＳＣＯＰＥＷａｎｇＲｏｎｇｃｈａｎｇ；ＹｕＭｉｎｇｔａｏ（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＰＬＡＧｅｎｅｒａｌＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ１００８５３，Ｂｅｔｉｍ，Ｃｈｉｎａ）LEAKAGETESTIN...

简介：Thepresentreportsummarizesourexperienceusingendoscopesandneuronavigationaltechniquesasanassistanceinminimallyinvasivetoolinacousticneurinomasurgery.Basedontheexperienceinabout100casesdoneduringthelast5yearsusingtheseadditionaltechniquesthesignificantbenefitbyusingbothtechniquescouldbeprovenasabsolutelyhelpful.Inourpatientcollectiveuntilnownocomplicationscouldbeendetectedregardingtheuseoftheseoptionsaswellastheeffectivenesswasfromveryhighvalue.These,foronehandindetectingresidualtumoraswellasthepossibilityofcontrollingtheresultaftertheresectionusingrigidangledendoscopesandfortheotherhandbytheclearefficiencyinusingneuronavigationalsystemsinplanningandperformingtheapproachaswellasdoingsafetydrillingbyremovingtheposteriorpartoftheinnerauditorychannel.Specialremarksandrecommendationsofthetechnicalequipmentwhichhasbeenusedaregivenaswellaspersonalexperiencesintheoperatingroomsetup.Basedonourresultsandexperiencetheuseofthistwowellknowntechniquesinadditiontowelltrainedmicrosurgicaltechniquescanbehighlyrecommended.

简介：ObjectiveToreportexperienceswithuseofotoendoscopyincerebellopontineangle(CPA)surgeries.MethodsTwentyfivecasesofCPAsurgeriesperformedbetweenNovember2002andDecember2008inwhichmicroscopeenabledotoendoscopywasusedwerereviewed.The25casesincluded19casesofacousticneuroma,3casesofCPAfacialnervetumors,1caseoftrigeminalneurinoma,acaseofglossopharyngealneuralgiaand1caseofhemifacialspasm.Endoscopywasusedinallcasestogetherwithmonitoringofbrainstemauditoryresponsesandfacialelectromyography.Postoperativehearingandfacialnervefunctionwereevaluatedandcomparedtopre-operativelevels.ResultsEndoscopyprovidedimprovedvisualizationoflocalanatomy,revealedhiddenlesionsandreducedunnecessaryanatomicaldistortions.Totalresectionwasachievedin18ofthe19acousticneuromacases,Facialnerveanatomicalintegritywaspreservedinall19cases.OneweekpostoperativeHouse-BrackmanngradingwasIin3cases,Ⅱin10casesandⅢin6cases.Facialnervefunctioncontinuedtoimproveinsomecasesat3months.Totaltumorresectionwasachievedinall3patientswithfacialneurinoma.Thefacialnervewassacrificedin2ofthe3caseswithprimaryfaciohypoglossalnerveanastomosis.FacialnervefunctionwasGradeⅡandGradeIIIoneyearaftersurgery,respectively.Inthecasewithanatomicallypreservedfacialnerve,postoperativefacialnervefunctionwasinitiallyGradeⅢandimprovedtoⅡat3months.ThetumorwascompletelyresectedinthetrigeminalneurinomapatientwithaGradeⅢpostoperativefacialnervefunctionwhichimprovedGradeIIthreemonthslater.Seventeenofthe19patientswithacousticneuromaretainedhearingpostoperatively,ofthese12maintainedpreoperativelevelsofhearing.Preoperativehearingcapacitywaspreservedin2ofthe3patientswithfacialnervetumors,butlostinpatientswithothertumortypes.Glossopharyngealneurotomy(n=1)andmicrovasculardecompression(n=1)resultedinsatisfactorysymptomrelie

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatethesuitabilityofminiaturepigsasananimalmodelforotologicalresearch.MethodsMicrodissectionofthetemporalbonewasperformedon10miniaturepigsandrecordedonphoto-graphs.ResultsThemorphologyandmeasurementoftheexternal,middleandinnerearandthelateralre-cessoftheminiaturepigswereobtainedbymicrodissection.ConclusionComparedtotraditionalanimalmodels,theminiaturepigmaybeabettermodelforbiomedicalresearchbecauseofitsmanysimilaritiesinphysiologicalfunctionswithhumans.Similaritiesofthetemporalbonestructures,includingtheexternal,middleandinnerearandthelateralrecess,betweentheminiaturepigandhumanmaketheanimalapoten-tiallyusefulmodelforotologicalresearch.

简介：vivoXshot的后置镜头采用了1300万像素的S0NY第二代堆栈式传感器和F1．8超大光圈6P镜头，信噪比的提升和光圈增大，让手机在弱光、暗光环境下的拍照能力越好。

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简介：Objective:Toreportdetectionofvestibular-evokedmyogenicpotentials(VEMPs)intheminiaturepig.Methods:Potentialsevokedby1000HztoneburstswererecordedfromneckextensormusclesandthemassetermusclesinnormaladultBamaminiaturepigsanesthetizedwith3%pentobarbitalsodiumandCarbacholII.Results:ThelatencyofthefirstpositivewavePfromneckextensormuscleswas7.65±0.64ms,withanamplitudeof1.66±0.34uvandarateofsuccessfulinductionof75%at80dBSPL.Thelatencyofpotentialsevokedfromthemassetermuscleswas7.60±0.78ms,withanamplitudeof1.31±0.28uvandaratesuccessfulinductionof66%at80dBSPL.Conclusion:ThelatenciesandthresholdsofVEMPsrecordedfromtheneckextensormuscleandthemassetermuscleappeartobecomparableinnormaladultBamaminiaturepigs,althoughtheamplituderecordedfromtheneckextensormuscleseemstobehigherthanthatfromthemassetermuscle.However,becauseoftheirusuallyrelativelysuperficialandeasilyaccessiblelocation,aswellastheirlargevolumeandstrongcontractions,massetermusclesmaybebettertargetmusclesforrecordingmyogenicpotentials.

简介：<正>近日,vivoXshot手机在北京全球首发,旗舰版内置骁龙8018974AC处理器,精英版为骁龙8018974AA处理器,配备5.2英寸显示器,拥有1300万/800万像素摄像头,支持4K视频录制,其中旗舰版支持5模13频,在全球范围内支持LTETDD/LTEFDD/TDSCDMA/WCDMA/GSM。Qualeomm全球副总裁沈劲表示,骁龙801处理器中每个关键处理引擎性能都极为卓越,包括CPU,GPU,DSP,摄像头传感器和内存组件等。通过更大并且更快的摄像头传感器和更强的影像后处理,为vivoXshot带来更高质的图像。此外,骁龙801内置双影像信号处理器(ISP),使得Xshot可以更快速地采集和编辑更清晰的影像,并处理数量庞大的视觉数据输入。

简介：Inmedicallaboratoryanimals,thepigistheclosestspeciestohumaninevolution,exceptforprimates.Asananimalmodel,thepigishighlyconcernedbymanyscientists,includingcomparativebiology,developmentalbiology,medicalgenetics.Rodentsasanimalmodelforhumanhearingdefectshasarepoorproducibilityandreliability,duetodifferencesinanatomicalstructure,evolutionaryrateandmetabolicrate,butthesehappenstobetheadvantagesofthepigmodel.Inthispaper,wewillsummarizetheapplicationofminiaturepiginthestudyofhumanhereditarydeafness.

简介：Fiber-opticFabry-Perot(F-P)sensorsarewidelyinvestigatedbecausetheyhaveseveraladvantagesoverconventionalsensors,suchasimmunitytoelectromagneticinterference,abilitytooperateunderbadenvironments,highsensitivityandthepotentialformultiplexing.Anewmethodtofabricatemicro-cavityFabry-Perotinterferometerisintroduced,whichisfusionsplicingasectionofconventionalsingle-modefiber(SMF)andasectionofhollowcoreorsolidcorephotoniccrystalfiber(PCF)togethertoformamicro-cavityatthesplicejoint.Thetechnologyoffusionsplicingisdiscussed,andtwominiatureopticalfibersensorsbasedonFabry-Perotinterferenceusingfusionsplicingarepresented.Thetwosensorsarecompletelymadeoffusedsilica,andhavegoodhigh-temperaturecapability.

简介：InthisLetter,aminiaturewearableRamanspectroscopysystemisdeveloped.Awearablefiber-opticprobeiemployedtohelpthestableandconvenientcollectionofRamanspectra.Anonlinearpartialleastsquaresmodebasedonamultivariatedominantfactorisemployedtopredicttheglucoselevel.Themeancoefficientsofdeterminationare0.99,0.893,and0.844fortheglucosesolution,laboratoryrats,andhumanvolunteers.ThresultsdemonstratethataminiaturewearableRamanspectroscopysystemisfeasibletoachievethenoninvasivdetectionofhumanbloodglucoseandhasimportantclinicalapplicationvalueindiseasediagnosis.

简介：Objective:Toreportvestibularevokedmyogenicpotentialsfromdifferentrecordingsites(neckextensorormassetermuscles)inminiaturepigsandrats.Methods:Potentialswererecordedusing1000HztoneburstsfromtheneckextensormuscleormassetermuscleinnormaladultBamaminiaturepigsandratsanesthetizedwith3%pentobarbitalsodiumandSumianxinⅡ.Results:At80dBSPL,thefirstpositivewave(Pwave)ofVEMPswasrecognizablein58%ofratswithalatencyof6.45±0.23msandanamplitudeof1.45±0.49μVwhenrecordedfromtheneckextensormuscle,andin50%ofratswithalatencyof6.38±0.34msandanamplitudeof1.57±0.35μVwhenrecordedfromthemassetermuscle.Inminiaturepigs,atthesamestimulusintensity,Pwavewasrecognizablein58%oftheanimalswithalatencyof7.65±0.64msandanamplitudeof1.66±0.34μVwhenrecordedfromtheneckextensormuscle,andin50%oftheanimalswithalatencyof7.65±0.64msandanamplitudeof0.31±0.28μVwhenrecordedfromthemassetermuscle.Conclusion:VEMPcanbeinducedfrombothneckextensorandmassetermusclesintheminiaturepigandrat.Foragivenspecies,thesiteofrecordingaffectsPwaveinductionrateandamplitudebutnotlatency.Consistencyandrepeatabilityanalysissuggeststhatthemassetermuscleisabetterrecordingsiteinminiaturepigswhilethecervicalextensorisabetterrecordingsiteinrats.Foragivenrecordingsite,bothlatencyandamplitudeofthePwaveareslightlygreaterinminiaturepigsthaninrats.

简介：客观：为了调查与外部fixator在处理期间测量主要axials火车的不同方法并且发现，合适的压缩在一个早阶段由外部fixator装载了。方法：十八只健康大耳朵的兔子随机根据不同测量方法被划分成二个组：组织A和组B。在组A，一个紧张计量器与502胶水在外部胫骨的外皮被加，并且在组B，一个骨头cement-coatedstrain计量器在内部胫骨的外皮上被安装。组A和B被划分成二亚群A1，A2和B1，B2，分别地根据一半并且与身体重量一样的压力。Z塑造左中间柄的胫骨的截骨术被externalfixator执行并且修理。结果：组A的sealer曲线在早阶段期间戏剧性地变化了。当后者紧张价值比前者高时，内部、外部的外皮的Thetrendlines在到达稳定的阶段以后一致地去了。到达最稳定的年龄的组B的时间是短的，但是它的绝对紧张价值是不到组A的。在他们被贴在稳定的阶段以前，当亚群B1和B2的结果是一样的时，亚群A1的拒绝的速度比SubgroupA2的慢慢地是更多。在它衰退了以后，当时，组A有一个上升趋势组Bdidn“t。在他们到达了稳定的阶段，两亚群A1和A2had以后一个衰退趋势当亚群A2比亚群A1快速是更多时，当亚群B2波动时，亚群B1在明确的水平被保留。结论：在外部fixatorcan下面的轴的紧张被骨头水泥测量在vivo的涂紧张的计量器。数据可以建议身体重量负担的那一半对外部fixator合适。

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简介：Reliablecomputationalfootmodelsofferanalternativemeanstoenhanceknowledgeonthebiomechanicsofhumanfoot.Modelvalidationisoneofthemostcriticalaspectsoftheentirefootmodelingandanalysisprocess.Thispaperpresentsaninvivoexperimentcombiningmotioncapturesystemandplantarpressuremeasureplatformtovalidateathree-dimensionalfiniteelementmodelofhumanfoot.TheMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI)slicesforthefootmodelingandtheexperimentaldataforvalidationwerebothcollectedfromthesamevolunteersubject.Thevalidatedcomponentsincludedthecomparisonofstaticmodelpredictionsofplantarforce,plantarpressureandfootsurfacedeformationduringsixloadingconditions,toequivalentmeasureddata.Duringthewholeexperiment,footsurfacedeformation,plantarforceandplantarpressurewererecordedsimultaneouslyduringsixdifferentloadedstandingconditions.ThepredictionsofthecurrentFEmodelwereingoodagreementwiththeseexperimentalresults.

简介：Photoacousticophthalmoscopy(PAOM)isanovelimagingmodality,whichiscapableofnon-invasivelydetectingopticalabsorptionpropertiesintheretina.WevisualizethemicrovasculatureinretinaandchoroidinalbinomouseusingPAOMguidedbyspectral-domainopticalcoherencetomography.Sincealbinomousecharacterizesbylackingmelanininretinalpigmentepithelium(RPE),PAOMilluminationlasercanpenetratethroughtheRPEontochoroid,andconsequentlyprovidesvolumetricvisualizationofchorioretinalvasculaturesasaresultofstronghemoglobinopticalabsorption.Thehigh-qualitychorioretinalmicrovascularimagingacquiredbyPAOMimpliesitsgreatpotentialinunderstandingpathologicalmechanismsanddevelopingtherapeuticstrategiesformajorchorioretinaldiseasesthatcorrelatewithvasculardisorders.

简介：几乎，用非自体同源的房间，织物或机关移植的每试验性的治疗策略在临床的翻译前在小、大的动物模型被测试。因为这些策略在大多数情况中要求免疫力的抑制，抑制免疫力的协议是在移植实验的一个关键元素。然而，没有详细知识，标准抑制免疫力的协议经常在特别试验性的背景以内并且在选择模型种类关于他们的功效被使用。如此的协议的优化对到人的病人的试验性的结果的翻译恰当，因此，保证推进调查。这评论与种类特定的药metabolization和副作用的考虑关于抑制免疫力的药类以及他们的剂量和应用程序政体总结当前的知识。它也总结新奇immunomodulatory策略的当代的知识，例如间充质的干细胞或抗体的使用。因此，这评论被打算用作一个最先进的概要让研究人员精制应用试验性的免疫力的抑制和immunomodulation策略提高现出症状之前的潜的移植研究的预兆的价值。

简介：Duringeccentriccontractions,muscularforceproductioncapacityisenhancedcomparedtoisometriccontractions.Althoughthisiswellacceptedintermsofmusclemechanics,maximalvoluntaryeccentriccontractionsareassociatedwithneuralinhibitionthatpreventsincreasedforceproductionofinvivohumanmuscles.However,becauseitwasshownthatmaximalvoluntaryeccentricforcescanexceedmaximumisometricforcesbyafactorof1.2-1.4,thisreviewfocusesonthequestionofwhethertheabsenteccentricforceenhancement,asobservedinmanystudies,canunambiguouslybeattributedtoaninherentneuralinhibition.First,wedemonstratethatparticipantfamiliarization,preload,andfasciclebehaviorarecrucialfactorsinfluencingmaximalvoluntaryeccentricforceproduction.Second,weshowthatmusclemechanicssuchasmusclelength,lengtheningvelocity,andstretchamplitudeinteractwhenitcomestomaximalvoluntaryeccentricforceproduction.Finally,wediscussthedivergingfindingsonneuralinhibitionduringmaximalvoluntaryeccentriccontractions.Becausetherewasnoinhibitionofthemajormotorpathwaysinthepresenceofenhancedmaximalvoluntaryeccentricforces,furtherresearchisneededtotesttheconceptofneuralinhibitionandtounderstandwhymaximalvoluntaryforceproductionisreducedcomparedtotheforcecapacityofisolatedmusclepreparations.