简介：无

简介：

简介：

简介：AbstractBackground:The One Health (OH) concept has been promoted widely around the globe. OH framework is expected to be applied as an integrated approach to support addressing zoonotic diseases as a significant global health issue and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of zoonosis prevention and control. This review is intended to overview the social impact of the implementation of OH on zoonosis prevention and control.Methods:A scoping review of studies in the past 10 years was performed to overview the integration feature of OH in zoonosis prevention and control and the social impacts of OH. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for studies published in English between January 2011 and June 2021. The included studies were selected based on predefined criteria.Results:Thirty-two studies were included in this review, and most of them adopted qualitative and semi-qualitative methods. More than 50% of the studies focused on zoonosis prevention and control. Most studies were conducted in low- and middle-income countries in Africa and Asia. Applying OH approach in diseases control integrates policymakers, stakeholders, and academics from various backgrounds. The impact of OH on economic is estimated that it may alleviate the burden of diseases and poverty in the long term, even though more financial support might be needed at the initial stage of OH implementation. OH implementation considers social and ecological factors related to zoonosis transmission and provides comprehensive strategies to assess and address related risks in different communities according to regions and customs.Conclusions:Based on reviewed literature, although there seems to be a lack of guidelines for assessing and visualizing the outcomes of OH implementation, which may limit the large-scale adoption of it, evidence on the contributions of implementing OH concepts on zoonosis prevention and control indicates long-term benefits to society, including a better integration of politics, stakeholders and academics to improve their cooperation, a potential to address economic issues caused by zoonosis, and a comprehensive consideration on social determinants of health during zoonosis prevention and control.

简介：AbstractBackground:Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the key interventions recommended by World Health Organization in preventing malaria infection. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of global studies about the impact of IRS on malaria control.Method:We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for relevant studies published from database establishment to 31 December 2021. Random-effects models were used to perform meta-analysis and subgroup analysis to pool the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Meta-regression was used to investigate potential factors of heterogeneity across studies.Results:Thirty-eight articles including 81 reports and 1,174,970 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. IRS was associated with lower rates of malaria infection (OR= 0.35, 95% CI: 0.27-0.44). The significantly higher effectiveness was observed in IRS coverage ≥ 80% than in IRS coverage < 80%. Pyrethroids was identified to show the greatest performance in malaria control. In addition, higher effectiveness was associated with a lower gross domestic product as well as a higher coverage of IRS and bed net utilization.Conclusions:IRS could induce a positive effect on malaria infection globally. The high IRS coverage and the use of pyrethroids are key measures to reduce malaria infection. More efforts should focus on increasing IRS coverage, developing more effective new insecticides against malaria, and using multiple interventions comprehensively to achieve malaria control goals.

简介：无

简介：AbstractBackground:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major noncommunicable disease (NCD) accounting for 17.9 million deaths. If current trends continue, the annual number of deaths from CVD will rise to 22.2 million by 2030. The United Nations General Assembly adopted a sustainable development goal (SDG) by 2030 to reduce NCD mortality by one-third. The purpose of this study was to analyze the CVD mortality trends in different countries implementing World Health Organization (WHO) NCD Action Plan and emphasize effective ways to achieve SDG.Methods:WHO statistics, based on the Member-States unified mortality and causes-of-death reports were used for analyzing trends and different interventions.Results:Reduction of CVD mortality from 2000 to 2016 in 49 countries was achieved for stroke at 43% and ischemic heart disease at 30%. Smoking prevalence and raised blood pressure (RBP) decreased in 84% and 55% of the countries. Eighty-nine percent of high-income countries (HIC) demonstrated a decline in tobacco smoking against 67% in middle-income countries (MIC). Sixty-nine percent of HIC demonstrated a decline in RBP against 15% in MIC. CVD management, tobacco, and unhealthy diet reduction measures are significantly better in HIC. The air pollution level was higher in MIC.Conclusion:Building partnerships between countries could enhance their efforts for CVD prevention and successful achievement of SDG.

简介：摘要：我国有着非常优秀的蚕桑养殖历史，自从西汉时期开始，蚕桑织品都在世界范围内流通，并受到世界各国人民的广泛欢迎。由于丝绸产业发达，“丝绸之路”和“海上丝绸之路”为我国与世界的联系奠定了良好的基础。随着科学技术的快速发展和在蚕桑养殖行业的应用，蚕桑养殖行业迎来了前所未有的发展机遇，并且取得了显著的发展成就。但在实际蚕桑养殖中，因为需要较大的资金，再加上农户的技术意识与技术水平较低，导致病虫害现象频繁发生，既降低了蚕桑养殖质量，也降低了养殖户经济效益。因此，相关技术工作者有责任和有必要深入研究蚕桑养殖技术与病虫害防治技术，为提升广大养殖户病虫害防治水平提供良好的条件，才能保证蚕桑养殖行业健康发展。

简介：AbstractPurpose:It is challenging to prepare military surgeons with the skills of combat damage control surgery (CDCS). The current study aimed to establish a damage control surgery (DCS) training platform for explosive combined thoraco-abdominal injuries.Methods:The training platform established in this study consisted of 3 main components: (1) A 50 m × 50 m square yard was constructed as the explosion site. Safety was assessed through cameras. (2) Sixteen pigs were injured by an explosion of trinitrotoluene attached with steel balls and were randomly divided into the DCS group (accepted DCS) and the control group (have not accepted DCS). The mortality rate was observed. (3) The literature was reviewed to identify the key factors for assessing CDCS, and testing standards for CDCS were then established. Expert questionnaires were employed to evaluate the scientificity and feasibility of the testing standards. Then, a 5-day training course with incorporated tests was used to test the efficacy of the established platform. In total, 30 teams attended the first training course. The scores that the trainees received before and after the training were compared. SPSS 11.0 was employed to analyze the results.Results:The high-speed video playback confirmed the safety of the explosion site as no explosion fragments projected beyond the wall. No pig died within 24 h when DCS was performed, while 7 pigs died in the control group. After a literature review, assessment criteria for CDCS were established that had a total score of 100 points and had 4 major parts: leadership and team cooperation, resuscitation, surgical procedure, and final outcome. Expert questionnaire results showed that the scientific score was 8.6 ± 1.25, and the feasibility score was 8.74 ± 1.19. When compared with the basic level, the trainees' score improved significantly after training.Conclusion:The platform established in this study was useful for CDCS training.

简介：无

简介：无

简介：无

简介：无

简介：无

简介：无

简介：AbstractObjective:This study aimed to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PCSK1 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1) related to obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods:In this case-control observational study, four candidate SNPs (rs6234, rs155971, rs6232, rs3811951) of PCSK1 were genotyped in 732 NAFLD patients and 823 healthy control participants, all of whom were of ethnic Han Chinese descent. All participants came from Shanghai, China, and joined our study during 2015 to 2016. The frequencies of each allele and genotype, paired linkage disequilibrium, and haplotype were calculated on the SHEsis platform. In addition to SHEsis, five different genetic models (codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, and log-additive) were employed to identify the correlation between genotype frequency and NAFLD. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approved No. 2017LCSY069).Results:In a comparison of NAFLD patients and healthy participants, none of the four PCSK1 SNPs were significantly correlated with the occurrence of NAFLD (P>0.05), in either genotypic or allelic distribution. The recessive model of rs3811951 appeared to show a correlation (odds ratio=1.077; 95% confidence interval=0.924-1.256; P=0.04), but there was no statistical significance after Bonferroni correction (Pcorr>0.0125).Conclusions:Four obesity-related PCSK1 SNPs (rs6234, rs155971, rs6232, rs3811951) showed no significant correlation with the development of NAFLD in a Han Chinese population.

简介：AbstractBackground:Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect poor populations with little or no 'political voice’ to influence control activities. While most NTDs have interventions that work, the biggest challenge remains in delivering targeted interventions to affected populations residing in areas experiencing weak health systems. Despite the upward development trends in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the healthcare worker to population ratio remains exceptionally low, with some areas not served at all; thus, there is a need to involve other personnel for school and community-based healthcare approaches. Nonetheless, the current community-based programs suffer from inconsistent community participation due to a lack of coordinated response, and an expanded intervention agenda that lacks context-specific solutions applicable to rural, urban, and marginalized areas.Methods:This research investigated the capacity of local communities to address the burden of NTDs. Informed by the social theory of human capability, the research collected primary qualitative data by conducting key informant interviews and focus group discussions of people infected or affected by NTDs. The interview data were collected and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis using Nvivo version 12.Results:Our findings reveal, first, a need for intersectoral collaboration between governments and affected populations for inclusive and sustainable NTD solutions. Second, a 'bottom-up’ approach that enhances capacity building, sensitization, and behaviour change for improved uptake of NTD interventions. Third, the enforcement of Public Health Legislative Acts that mandates the reporting and treatment of NTDs such as leprosy. Fourth, the establishment of support groups and counseling services to assist persons suffering from debilitating and permanent effects of NTDs.Conclusions:Our research demonstrates the importance of human agency in encouraging new forms of participation leading to the co-production of inclusive and sustainable solutions against NTDs.

简介：摘要：随着国内不断引进国外先进表面贴装设备、我国表面贴装技术自主研发的不断推进，在我国电子制造行业内表面贴装制造工艺已经不是一个高不可攀的工艺难点。然而随着BGA封装器件在表面贴装技术中应用的增多以及大众对于设备小型化、微型化所带来的BGA焊球间距逐步缩小的现状，对表面贴装工艺又带来了新的挑战。从可能影响BGA焊接的各个方面着手，针对性的找出控制对策进行质量管控，从根本上解决问题并提高BGA的焊接可靠性。

简介：AbstractBackground:It is crucial to improve the quality of care provided to ICU patient, therefore a national survey of the medical quality of intensive care units (ICUs) was conducted to analyze adherence to quality metrics and outcomes among critically ill patients in China from 2015 to 2019.Methods:This was an ICU-level study based on a 15-indicator online survey conducted in China. Considering that ICU care quality may vary between secondary and tertiary hospitals, direct standardization was adopted to compare the rates of ICU quality indicators among provinces/regions. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify potential factors for in-hospital mortality and factors related to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs).Results:From the survey, the proportions of structural indicators were 1.83% for the number of ICU inpatients relative to the total number of inpatients, 1.44% for ICU bed occupancy relative to the total inpatient bed occupancy, and 51.08% for inpatients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores ≥15. The proportions of procedural indicators were 74.37% and 76.60% for 3-hour and 6-hour surviving sepsis campaign bundle compliance, respectively, 62.93% for microbiology detection, 58.24% for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, 1.49% for unplanned endotracheal extubations, 1.99% for extubated inpatients reintubated within 48 hours, 6.38% for unplanned transfer to the ICU, and 1.20% for 48-hour ICU readmission. The proportions of outcome indicators were 1.28‰ for VAP, 3.06‰ for CRBSI, 3.65‰ for CAUTI, and 10.19% for in-hospital mortality. Although the indicators varied greatly across provinces and regions, the treatment level of ICUs in China has been stable and improved based on various quality control indicators in the past 5 years. The overall mortality rate has dropped from 10.19% to approximately 8%.Conclusions:The quality indicators of medical care in China’s ICUs are heterogeneous, which is reflected in geographic disparities and grades of hospitals. This study is of great significance for improving the homogeneity of ICUs in China.

简介：摘要：石材铺装在园林中扮演着越来越重要的作用，其施工质量的有效控制愈发迫不及待。尤其是针对铺装面积较大需石材量较大、铺装石材的边界愈加不规则的情况下。本文经过总结他人及类似工程的经验、翻阅相关图集及规范、深入现场的过程，总结出“加强策划、精准施工、前置验收、成品保护”十六字，有效指导了本项目的石材铺装施工，其质量也得到了有效保证。