简介：Inthispaper,asimplebutinherentrelationbetweentheL-integralandtheBueeknerworkconjugateintegralisprovedforcrackproblemsinisotropic,anisotropic,anddissimilarmateri-als,respectively.Itisfoundthat,intheabove-mentionedthreecases,theL-integral,fromthemath-ematicalpointofviewaswellasinprinciple,arisesfromBetti’sreciprocaltheorem.ThismeansthattheBuecknerworkconjugateintegralisamoregeneralpath-independentintegralthantheotherssinceanyotherpath-independentintegralscouldbederivedbyusin8theBuecknerintegralwhilechoosingadifferentsubsidiarystress-displacementfield.

简介：Historically,groundcalcinedaluminaswerethefirsthigh-aluminamatrixproductsthatwereusedinrefractoryformulations,inbothshapedandunshapedproducts.Atthattimetheflowpropertiesofcastableswereenhancedbytheuseofsilicafume.Thiswasfollowedlaterbythedevelopmentoffullygroundreactivealuminaswhichcontributedtothedesignofthematrixbelow63μm.Inadditiontoaggregatefines,arangeofbi-modalandmulti-modalreactivealuminaswerealsodeveloped.Thesenotonlygaveimprovedphysicalpropertiesbutalsobettercastableworkability.Thispaperreviewsmatrixaluminadevelopmentsovertime,frombasicgroundcalcinestocomplexmulti-modalmatrixproductsandtheirgloballystandardisedmanufacture.

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简介：这份报纸处理包含批处理机器的安排问题，它是在文学的也已知的同样平行的batching。介绍混合整数编程明确的表达首先在学习下面为这个问题提供一个高雅的模型。而且，它在到目前为止开发的准确方法的能力以外启用答案到问题例子。以便减轻计算负担，作者建议平衡答案质量和计算时间的基于MIP的启发式的途径。

简介：Theballisticpropertiesofalowsolidloadingcompositesolidpropellantfamily(Butalites)wasstudiedexperimentallybyusingpropellantformulationsbasedonhydroxy-terminatedpolybutadienepre-polymer(HTPB)asfuelbindermainbackbone,monoandbi-modalsystemammoniumperchlorateoxidizer(AP),copperchromite(CC)asburningrateacceleratorandaluminumpowder(Al)asmetallicfuel.HigherpressuresandAPcontentsaswellassmallerAPparticlesizewerefoundtoincreaseburningrate.ThesamebehaviorverifiedwithAlandCCaddition.AsignificantincreaseofburningratewasrecordedwhenCCaddedtothealuminizedformulationscomparedwiththenon-aluminizedofthesameoxidizersolidloadingandparticlesize.

简介：The6thAsianConferenceonMultibodyDynamics(ACMD2012)hasbeensuccessfullyheldinShanghaiChinaorganizedbyShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,hostedbytheChineseSocietyofTheoreticalandAppliedMechanics,divisionofdynamicsandcontrol,theJapanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,theKoreanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,InternationalFederationforthePromotionofMechanismandMachineScienceandInternationalSteeringCommitteeofAsianConferenceonMultibodyDynamics.

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简介：InthispaperwestudythesolutionofSATproblemsformulatedasdiscretedecisionanddiscreteconstrainedoptimizationproblems.Constrainedformulationsarebetterthantraditionalunconstrainedformulationsbecauseviolatedconstraintsmayprovideadditionalforcestoleadasearchtowardsasatisfiableassignment.Wesummarizethetheoryofextendedsaddlepointsinpenaltyformulationsforsolvingdiscreteconstrainedoptimizationproblemsandtheassociateddiscretepenaltymethod(DPM).Wethenexaminevariousformulationsoftheobjectivefunction,choicesofneighborhoodinDPM,strategiesforupdatingpenalties,andheuristicsforavoidingtraps.ExperimentalevaluationsonhardbenchmarkinstancespinpointthattrapscontributesignificantlytotheinefficiencyofDPMandforceatrajectorytorepeatedlyvisitthesamesetofornearbypointsintheoriginalvariablespace.Toaddressthisissue,weproposeandstudytwotrap-avoidancestrategies.Thefirststrategyaddsextrapenaltiesonunsatisfiedclausesinsideatrap,leadingtoverylargepenaltiesforunsatisfiedclausesthataretrappedmoreoftenandmakingtheseclausesmorelikelytobesatisfiedinthefuture.Thesecondstrategystoresinformationonpointsvisitedbefore,whetherinsidetrapsornot,andavoidsvisitingpointsthatareclosetopointsvisitedbefore.Itcanbeimplementedbymodifyingthepenaltyfunctioninsuchawaythat,ifatrajectorygetsclosetopointsvisitedbefore,anextrapenaltywilltakeeffectandforcethetrajectorytoanewregion.Itspecializestothefirststrategybecausetrapsarespecialcasesofpointsvisitedbefore.Finally,weshowexperimentalresultsonevaluatingbenchmarksintheDIMACSandSATLIBarchivesandcompareourresultswithexistingresultsonGSAT,WalkSAT,LSDL,andGrasp.TheresultsdemonstratethatDPMwithtrapavoidanceisrobustaswellaseffectiveforsolvinghardSATproblems.

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简介：实验室生物鉴定被进行在TriboliumcastaneumHerbst的幸存上决定食物来源的效果，OryzaephilussurinamensisL。并且Rhyzopertha西班牙托钵僧F.，在到五个硅藻的地球(DE)的暴露以后明确的表达：Protect-It~?，Insecto~?，Perma警卫?，Dryacide~？并且SilicoSec~?。这些的成年人种类在塑料Petri盘子内在滤纸上以0.5mg/cm~2的率暴露于DE1天。在暴露以后，起始的死亡被数，三种的实时个人在分别地包含50mg小麦面粉，米饭和整个小麦的玻璃小瓶被拥抱一个星期。在第二个实验，在到DE的1天暴露以后，没有食物，甲壳虫被转移到Petri盘子并且成立了一个星期决定食物来源的存在是否将减少甲壳虫的死亡。实验在黑暗中在27℃和55%RH被执行。实验的在两个的起始的死亡为暴露于Protect-It~的三种到达了100%吗？并且在R的情况中。西班牙托钵僧andO。暴露于Dryacide~的surinamensis?。相反，死亡低级(<10%)为T被观察。castaneum暴露了到Perma警卫吗？并且Insecto~?。在食物上的处理以后的时期以后的死亡为暴露于Perma警卫的三种被减少吗？并且在T的情况中。castaneum和R。西班牙托钵僧一暴露了到Insecto~？并且SilicoSec~?。O的成年人。surinamensis是最易受影响由R列在后面。西班牙托钵僧and100%成年人死亡被获得，而T。castaneum是到DE的最不易受影响的甲壳虫。Protect-It~？并且Dryacide~？是最有效的DE明确的表达并且能在存储谷物有效地被使用综合害虫管理节目。