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简介：In2014,wewitnessedthepolarizationofglobaleconomicgrowtti,aproliferationinthenumberofregionalhotspotsthathadwidespreadrepercussions,incrediblycomplexandzealousbigpowerrelationsandsomeeye-catchingdiplomaticachievementsfromChina.Thisauthorattemptstogiveaforecastofglobaltrendsin2015basedonthedevelopmentsinthepreviousyear.In2014,countriesshowedtheirstrengthsandweaknessesinthepolitico-economicdomain,whiletheglobaleconomygaveapoorperformance.Inthedevelopedworld,theU.S.registeredastrongeconomicrecovery,whereasEuropeandJapanstruggledwithsluggishgrowth.Ofthe

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简介：AbstractIn this paper, we review the results of previous studies and summarize the effects of various factors on the regulation of bone metabolism in traumatic bone infections. Infection-related bone destruction incorporates pathogens and iatrogenic factors in the process of bone resorption dominated by the skeletal and immune systems. The development of bone immunology has established a bridge of communication between the skeletal system and the immune system. Exploring the effects of pathogens, skeletal systems, immune systems, and antibacterials on bone repair in infectious conditions can help improve the treatment of these diseases.

简介：WegiveanintroductionforthebackgroundandmotivationoftheIntegratedPhotonics:ChallengesandPerspectivesfeature.Averybriefsummaryforthefiveinvitedreviewarticlescollectedinthisfeatureissueisalsogiven.

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简介：因为它的潜在的应用，水文学监视并且季节的预报是一块活跃研究地。在最近的十年，在地面和卫星大小的开发使水象学的信息容易地可得到，并且在技术以一种即时方式便于数据分析的信息进展。在气候研究的新进步并且当模特儿与合理精确性启用了季节的气候的预言并且增加了分辨率。这些新兴的技术和进展启用了精确水文学的更多的及时获得流动和地位，和象干旱和洪水那样的极端水文学事件的更早的警告。这篇论文在监视并且预报的水文学给电流无常的最先进的理解，在监视观察从各种各样的来源并且试验性的季节的水文学预报帮助的系统的运作的水文学考察努力和进步，并且简短介绍监视并且预报在中国的惯例的水流。为近的未来的宏大挑战和观点也被讨论，包括获得并且提取为监视并且预报的可靠信息，预言在河盆的现实主义的水文学流动和状态被人的活动显著地改变，并且充满在数字模型和终端用户之间的差距。我们强调理解到转移的运作的水管理和优先级的需要研究知识到决策人的重要性。

简介：Aftersummarizingthetheoriesandmeasurementindicesofassimilation,thispaperexaminesandre-constructsthemeasurementframeworkofassimilationatindividuallevel,followedbydiscussingsometheoreticalquestionsofassimilationinpresentChina.Assimilationcouldbeonepointonthelineconnectingadaptation,segmentedassimilationandassimilation.Measurementindicesframeworkofimmigrantassimilationindestinationshouldbesimplifiedwithhighvalidity,correspondingtothetheories.Assimilationcanbedividedintofivedimensions:economic,cultural,social,structuralandidentity.Futureresearchshouldbedirectedatthefinaldirectionoftheassimilationofmigrants,andthecausalchaincenteredontheassimilation"thestatusandthecausesandconsequencesofassimilations",andlongitudinalorpanelsurveystudiesshouldbeenhancedtounderstandthesituationanddevelopmenttrajectoryofassimilationofmigrantsinChina.

简介：Despitethehugedevelopmentofradiofrequencycatheterablation,surgicaloperation,pacemakerimplantation,anddrugtherapyremainsthefirstlinetreatmentofatrialfibrillation.Severalnewanti-arrhythmicdrugsandanticoagulationdrugshavecomeoutrecently,andhavemadethedrugtherapyofatrialfibrillationamorepromisingchoice.Thisarticleprovidesacontemporaryhighlightonthenewanti-arrhythmicagentsofatrialfibrillation.

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简介：Acityisanorganicsystem.Theconstructionofanecologicalcivilizedcityisasystematicproject,whichcallsforreasonable,organicandsustainableconstructionofcitiesinallrespectsfrommultidimensionalperspectivesofplanninganddesign,policiesandsystems,industrialeconomy,scientificandtechnologicalinnovation,cultureandeducationandsoon,amongwhich,theplanninganddesignistheoverallpositioning;thepoliciesandsystemsarethefundamentalguarantee;theindustrialeconomyisthekeysupport;thescientificandtechnologicalinnovationisthecoresupportandthecultureandeducationisthehumanistmotivation.

简介：Thebiologicalimmunesystemisacomplexadaptivesystem.Therearelotsofbenefitsforbuildingthemodeloftheimmunesystem.Forbiologicalresearchers,theycantestsomehypothesesabouttheinfectionprocessorsimulatetheresponsesofsomedrugs.Forcomputerresearchers,theycanbuilddistributed,robustandfaulttolerantnetworksinspiredbythefunctionsoftheimmunesystem.Thispaperprovidesacomprehensivesurveyoftheliteraturesonmodellingtheimmunesystem.Fromthemethodologyperspective,thepapercomparesandanalyzestheexistingapproachesandmodels,andalsodemonstratesthefocusingresearcheffortonthefutureimmunemodelsinthenextfewyears.

简介：Hepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC),thepredominantformofadultlivermalignancies,isaglobalhealthconcern.Itsdismalprognosishaspromptedrecentsignificantadvancesintheunderstandingofitsetiologyandpathogenesis.Thederegulationofepigeneticmechanisms,whichmaintainheritablegeneexpressionchangesandchromatinorganization,isimplicatedinthedevelopmentofmultiplecancers,includingHCC.ThisreviewsummarizesthecurrentknowledgeofepigeneticmechanismsinthepathogenesisofHCC,withanemphasisonHCCmediatedbychronichepatitisBvirusinfection.Thisreviewalsodiscussestheencouragingoutcomesandlessonslearntfromepigenetictherapiesforhematologicalandothersolidcancers,andhighlightsthefuturepotentialofsimilartherapiesinthetreatmentofHCC.

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简介：Thehumangutmicrobiotaiscomposedofmorethan100trillionmicrobes.MostcommunitiesaredominatedbyspeciesbelongingtothephylaBacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,andVerrucomicrobia.Microflora-derivedshort-chainfattyacidsplayapivotalroleintheframeworkofinsulinresistance,obesity,andmetabolicsyndrome.Theyareanimportantenergysourceandareinvolvedinseveralpathways,withproatherogenicandantiatherogeniceffects.Theincreasedgutmicrobiotalipopolysaccharidelevels(definedas“metabolicendotoxemia”)induceastateoflow-gradeinflammationandareinvolvedinatheroscleroticdiseasethroughToll-likereceptor4.Anotherimportantinflammatorytriggeringutmicrobiota–mediatedatheroscleroticpromotionistrimethylamineN-oxide.Ontheotherhand,protocatechuicacidwasfoundtopromotecholesteroleffluxfrommacrophages,showinganantiatherogeniceffect.Furtherstudiestoclarifyspecificgutcompositioninvolvedincardiometabolicsyndromeandatherogenesisareneededforgreateruseoftargetedapproaches.

简介：Newneuronsaregeneratedandintegrateintoexistingcircuitrywithinthehippocampaldentategyrusandtheolfactorybulbofmostmammals(GageandTemple,2013).Neurogenesisinthehippocampuspersiststhroughadulthood,andwhileitsfunctionandimportanceremainsunclear,itappearstoberequiredintheformationofspecifictypesof

简介：Hearinglossisoneofthemostfrequenthealthissuesinindustrializedcountries.Thepathogenesisandmolecularmechanismsofhearinglossarestillunclear.Histonedeacetylases(HDACs)areemergingaskeyenzymesinmanyphysiologicalprocesses,includingchromatinremodeling,regulationoftranscription,DNArepair,metabolism,genomestabilityandproteinsecretion.RecentstudiesindicatedthatHDACsareassociatedwiththedevelopmentandprogressionofhearingloss.DysfunctionofHDACscouldpromotetheoxidativestressandagingintheinnerear.Inlightofconsideringthecurrentstagnationinthedevelopmentoftherapeuticoptions,theneedfornewstrategiesinthetreatmentofhearinglosshasneverbeensopressing.Inthisreview,wewillsummarizethereportedliteraturesforHDACsinhearinglossanddiscusshowHDACfamilymembersshowdifferentperformancesforthepossibilityofprocessofdiseasesdevelopment.Thepossibilityofpharmacologicalinterventiononhearinglossopensanovelpathinthetreatmentofhearingloss.