简介：Thefollowingproposalhasbeencirculated,viatheExecutiveoftheInternationalUnionforQuaternaryResearch(INQUA),toallINQUAmembersfordiscussion.ItalsoappearsontheICSwebsite(www.stratigraphy.org).CommentsmaybesenttoJohnClague,PresidentofINQUA(jclague@sfu.ca),andBradPillans(brad.pillans@anu.edu.au).

简介：TheadvancedInternetandmulti-mediatechnologiesavailabletodayhaveprovidedagreatopportunityforElectroniceducation(E-education)attheturnofthenewcentury:educationontheInternetwithmulti-mediaterminalsandotherelectronicdevicesdistributedtoeverycorneroftheglobe.E-educationhasbeenthebojectiveofeducationrefor

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简介：THEproposaltobuildaSilkRoadeconomicbelthasreceivedproactiveresponsesfromCentralAsiancountriesandregionsalongtheroute.ThecityofSamarkandinUzbekistan,forexample,hasincreasinglyclosertieswithChina,accordingtoDeputyMayorJamshedUrakov.BesidestradeinnumerousproductsmadeinChina,manylocalpeoplearelearningChineseto

简介：我们建议一个硅石核心模式的减少分散的布拉格纤维(DDBF)象55渭m一样大的有效区域2为supercontinuum(SC)在1060nm的泵波长的产生。用到在DDBF的模型繁殖的一个快、简单的矩阵方法，我们介绍了一个一般标准获得将导致一个宽广SC系列的DDBF的最短的长度。建议DDBF设计应该为通过生产技术的开发得好的MCVD纤维的可再现的制造是顺从的，这个概念作为一台实际设备为实现有潜力。CLC数字TN818文件代码A

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简介：Thechemicaloxygen–iodinelaser(COIL)istheshortest-wavelengthhigh-powerchemicallaserthathasbeendemonstrated.Thecharacteristics,suchasgoodatmosphericpropagation,shortwavelengthandexcellenttransmissionthroughopticalfibers,maketheCOILagoodcandidateforhigh-powerlaserapplication.TomodelthecompleteCOILlasinginteraction,athree-dimensionalformulationofthefluiddynamics,speciescontinuityandradiationtransportequationsisnecessary.Thecomputationalefforttocalculatetheflowfieldovertheentirenozzlebankwithagridfineenoughtoresolvetheinjectionholesissolargeastoprecludedoingthecalculation.Theapproachtomodelingchemicallasersthenhasbeentoreducethecomplexityofthemodeltocorrespondtotheavailablecomputationalcapability,addingdetailsascomputingpowerincreased.ThemodelingoflasingintheCOILmediumisproposed,whichiscouplingwiththeeffectsinducedbytransverseinjectionofsecondarygases,non-equilibriumchemicalreactions,nozzletailflowandboundarylayer.ThecoupledsteadysolutionsofthefluiddynamicsandopticsinaCOILcomplexthree-dimensionalcavityflowfieldareobtainedfollowingtheproposal.Themodelingresultsshowthattheseeffectshavesomeinfluenceonthelasingproperties.Afeasiblemethodologyandatheoreticaltoolareofferedtopredictthebeamqualityforlarge-scaleCOILdevices.

简介：Thispaperproposesacomprehensiveandintegrativemodelwhichwillcontributetoasuccessfulplacebranding.Thenewmodelisproposedbasedontheanalysisof30previousplacebrandingmodelsandenrichedbytheliteraturereview.Theresultofthisworkistheconceptualmodelthatoffersamoreglobalperspectiveofplacebrandingandconsistsofthefollowing11interrelatedelements:place,brandleadership,communitystakeholdersengagement,brandvision,brandarchitecture,brandidentity,brandcommunications,brandimage,brandexperience,brandactionsandbrandevaluation,whichmustbeincorporatedintoanyplacebrandingmodelastheyprovetoberelevantandplayastrategicroleinthebrandingprocess.Theyareessentialforplacebranddevelopmentandmanagement,andrepresentkeysuccessfactorsofplacebrands.Theresearchimplicationsaretogiveresearchersaguideforliteraturedevelopment,theorybuilding,andfutureresearch.Thepracticalimplicationsaretoofferpractitioners,professionals,localofficials,andevengovernmentsamodelthatexplainstheplacebrandingprocesstoeffectivelycreateandmanageaplacebrand.Unlikepreviousmodelswhichtakedifferentperspectivesonthebrandingprocess,thisoneisholisticasitencompasses(almost)allofthem.Thenewmodelhighlightsalsonewelementsthatdonotappearinthepreviousones.

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简介：AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease that causes blisters and erosions on the skin and mucous membranes to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of PV, Chinese experts in this field were invited to make recommendations which are presented in this article. Pemphigus vulgaris can be divided into cutaneous mucous type, cutaneous type and mucous mucous dominant type according to the different clinical manifestations. The pathological manifestations of PV are acantholysis above the basal layer. The diagnosis of PV and the assessment of the severity of the disease are made in accordance with the clinical manifestations, histopathological features, immunofluorescence assay results, and detection of pathogenic serum antibodies. The first-line treatment of PV comprises systemic glucocorticoids. Early combination with immunosuppressive agents or rituximab is recommended for moderate and severe PV. Intravenous immunoglobulin administration is recommended for patients being treated with rituximab. Plasma exchange and stem cell transplantation can be performed if necessary. During the course of therapy, the disease activity should be closely monitored, and actions should be taken to prevent adverse reactions.

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