简介：实验室研究评估了Sinellacurviseta布鲁克的敏感(Collembola：Entomobryidae)到选择重金属(Cu，Pb和Zn)。S的幸存，复制和生长。curviseta在与金属修改到100，200，400，800，1600和3200mg/kg的集中的农业土壤的4星期的暴露测试被决定。结果在Cu和Zn的最高的集中(3200mg/kg)在成年幸存和繁殖失败显示出减小。为Cu和Zn的EC50繁殖价值分别地是约442和2760mg/kg。Pb的申请根本，层次与控制相比导致了大量子孙和没有重要死亡。成年生长率与控制相比为所有金属处理减少了，建议金属影响S。在更慢的生长的curviseta新陈代谢和结果。我们证明复制比生长是一个稍微更敏感的参数。因为生长测试需要更少少年并且比繁殖测试花更少的时间，我们断定二个参数是补足的并且能被用于沾染物层次的更好的ecotoxicological评估。然而，在生长测试比繁殖测试作为更快的尚不致命的测试被接受以前，相对生长和繁殖敏感应该与更多的化学药品被测试。

简介：AleachingexperimentwasCarriedoutwithrepackedsoilcolumnsinlaboratorytostudytheleachingprocessofaredsoilderivedfromsandstoneasaffectedbyvariousfertilizationpractices.ThetreatmentswereCK(asacontrol),CaCO3,CaSO4,MgCO3,Ca(H2PO4)2,Urea,KCl,Multiple(amixtureoftheabovementionedfertilizers)andKNO3,Thefertilizerswereaddedtothebaresurfaceofthesoilcolumns,andthenthecolumnswereleachedwith120mLdeionizedwaterdailythroughperstalticpumpsoveraperiodof92days,Attheendofleachingprocess,soilsweresampledfromdifferentdepthsofthesoilprofiles,i.o.,of92days,Attheendofleachingprocess,soilsweresampledfromdifferentdepthsofthesoilprofiles,I.e.0-5cm,5-10cm,10-20cm,20-40cm,and40-60cm,TheresultsshowedwhenapplyingCa,Mg,andKtothebaresurfaceofthesoilcolumns,exchangeableCa^2+,Mg^2+,andK^+intheupperlayerofthesoilprofileincreasedcorrespondingly,withanextentdependingmainlyontheapplicationratesofCa,Mg,andKandshowingadownwardtrend,CaCO3,CaSO4,MgCO3,andCa(H2PO4)2treatmentshadscarcelyandeffectonmovementofexchangeableK^+,whileCaCO3,andCaSO4treatmentssingnificantlypromotedthedownwardmovementofexchangealbleMg^2+althoughthesetwotreatmentshadnoobviouseffectonleachinglossesofMg,ThefactthatunderUreatreatment,exchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+,werehigherascomparedtoCKtreatmentshowedureacouldpreventleachingofexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+,theobviousdownwardmovementofexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+wasnoticedinKCltreatment,InMultipletreatment,thedownwardmovementofexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+wasevident,whilethatofK^+waslessevident,ApplicationofKNO3stronglypromotedthedownwardmovementofexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+inthesoilprofile.

简介：Inthispaper,weusetheinterflowareaastheresearchobjectinthelogicalscienceparkforsoilandwaterconservationinJiangxiprovince;andthePaspalumnatatumanditslittercoverareusedasthegroundflora.WediscussesandanalysestheverticaldistributionofrunoffsoastoprovidetheoreticalsupportforthewideapplicationofthePaspalumnatatumforsoilandwaterconservationintheregionofredsoilinsouthChina.

简介：Background:WecomparetheclimatesensitivityofEuropeanbeech(FagussylvaticaL)intwoforestnaturereservesinnortheasternGermany.Theonereserve,Schlossberg,ischaracterizedbyshallowchalksoils,whereasintheotherreserve,Eldena,soilsaredeeperandmoredeveloped.Littleisknownaboutthedroughtsensitivityofbeechonshallowchalksoils.Methods:Wecollectedincrementcoresatbothresearchsitesandestablishedclimate-growthrelationships.Intertreevariabilitywasassessedbyemployinglinearmixed-effectmodels.Results:WeexpectedtofinddistinctivelyhigherdroughtsensitivityatSchlossbergduetolimitedwateravailability,butfindonlymarginaldifferencesingrowthresponses.Atbothsites,droughtisthemajorclimaticfactordrivingtreegrowth.Adaptationsintreearchitectureandanunderestimationofthewaterholdingcapacityofshallowchalksoilsarediscussedaspossiblereasonsfornotfindingmoredistinctclimateresponses.Inanalyzingclimate-growthrelationships,wespecificallyfocusedongrowthresponsesofindividualtreesbutobservedonlylowinter-treevariabilityatbothsites.Evidentisashiftinclimateresponsepatternsfromthefirsttothesecondhalfofthetwentiethcenturywithprevious-yeardroughtconditionsbecomingmoreimportantthancurrent-yeardrought.Thisshiftisdiscussedinrelationtoawarmingtrendoverthatsameperiod,aswellaspossibletrendsinmastingbehaviorofbeech.Conclusion:Theinvestigatedbeechtreesontheshallowchalksoilareonlyslightlymoredroughtsensitivethanbeechtreesonthereferencesitewithdeeperandmoredevelopedsoils.

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简介：特征和土壤的潮汐的扁平的趋势有机物(SOM)周转在长江河口为Chongmingdongtan盐沼被学习基于稳定的碳同位素作文(未13C)的分析，谷物微粒缩放并且满足器官的碳(停靠港)，全部的氮(TN)和为从高潮汐的扁平的、中间的潮汐的公寓和赤裸的公寓挖掘的三个核心的无机的碳(TIC)。结果证明在土壤停靠港内容和盐沼核心的未13C价值之间的关联类似于在器官的碳(SOC)内容和未13C与不同高度多山的土壤侧面的上面的土壤层珍视的土壤之间的那些。盐沼的SOM通常比100年年轻，并且在长江的集水主要从表层土侵蚀发源。有C/N比率，满意于TIC内容的停靠港和停靠港的TN内容的关联与未13C价值满足因为核心建议从盐沼的SOM的周转度是全面的低，并且SOM周转的趋势从赤裸的公寓是清楚的到高潮汐的公寓。暴露原来的沉积的扁平的样品表演特征，与次要的SOM周转。SOM的周转过程发生了并且在高、中间的潮汐的公寓，和有有泥泞潮汐的公寓的进化的不同周转率增加的SOM分隔空间的混合的度是可辨别的。交替的泥泞薄片和淤泥的薄片的独占的阶层结构在泥泞潮汐的公寓上从动态depositional过程发源是到溶解材料，和SOM周转的垂直移植的一个大障碍然后被抑制。泥泞潮汐的扁平的过程在盐沼对SOM的隐遁和周转施加了直接影响，并且在长江河口在Chongmingdongtan盐沼的SOM周转的空间、时间的特征上有大限制。

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简介：A3-Dsoil-pipenonlinearfiniteelementmodelwithcontactelementissuggestedandtheinfluencesoftherupturemode,thicknessandrigidityofoverlyingsoilontheresponseofburiedpipelineareanalyzed.Thenumericalresultsshowthatthesoilrupturemodedeterminesthelocationofthelargedeformationorfailureofthepipeline,andtheplasticdeformationofthepipelineoccursatthezonewheretheplasticdeformationorruptureoftheoverlyingsoilappears.Whenthefaultdipangleonbedrockisnear90°,twoplasticdeformationsectionsofthepipelineappearwiththedevelopmentofoverlyingsoilrupture.Andthethickertheoverlyingsoilis,thelongertheplasticdeformationlengthofthepipelineisandthelessitsstrainis.Theplasticdeformationlengthofthepipelinedecreaseswhileitsmaximumstrainincreaseswiththerigidityofoverlyingsoilincreasing.

简介：TheblacksoilregionofnortheastChina,whichcoverstheProvincesofHeilongjiang,JilinandtheInnerMongoliaautonomousregionwithblacksoil,chernozemandmeadowsoil,hasexperiencedsoilerosionsinceintenseagriculturalreclamationbeganapproximately100yearsago.However,thesedimentdeliveryratio,definedasthefractionofgrosserosionthatistransportedfromagivenareainagiventimeinterval,isstillunclear.Inthisstudy,wecalculatedthedeliveryratioandanalysedchangesinerosiveprocesseswithinHebeicatchmentfrom1977to2007basedonananalysisofsedimentsoftheLiuduireservoir.Theoriginalvegetationlayerclearlyidentifiedthebottomofthereservoirwhenitwasconstructedin1977;thus,thereservoirsedimentscouldbepreciselydated.Thedeliveryratio,calculatedbycomparingthesedimentdepositioninthereservoirwiththetotalsoilerosionintheupstreamcatchment,wasfoundtobeexponentiallycorrelated(r~2=0.95,P<0.01)withdecreasinggrainsize,exceptforthefraction<0.002mm.Thedeliveryratiofortheclays(<0.002mm)waslow,averaging0.10duringthestudyperiod,whichindicatedpartialremovalofclaysfromthereservoir.Thechangesinthereservoirdepositionratereflectedthetemporalchangesintheerosionprocesses.Theexceptionallyhighrainfallin1998wasconfirmedbythedistributionsof~(137)Cs,~(210)Pb,andthegrain-sizeofthesediments.Beginningfromthepositionoftheoriginalgrasslayer,wedefinedthreeperiodsfrom1977to2007basedondepositionrates:2.40cmyear~(-1)from1977to1997,5.60cmyear~(-1)in1998duetounusuallyhighrainfall,and1.55cmyear~(-1)from1999to2007.Theoverallaveragedepositionratefortheentireperiodwas2.26cmyear~(-1).Precipitationwasfoundtobethemainfactoraffectingthesoilerosionofthestudyarea.

简介：TheintegratedeffectofirrigationandagriculturalpracticesonsoilsalinityintheJordanValley(JV),whereover60%ofJordan'sagriculturalproduceisgrown,wasinvestigatedinthisstudyduring2009-2010.Duetothedifferencesinagriculturaloperations,croppingpatterns,irrigationmanagement,andweatherconditions,206top-andsub-soilsamplesweretakenevery1to3kmfromrepresentativefarmsalonganorth-south(N-S)transectwith1to2kmlateralextents.Soilelectricalconductivityofsaturatedextract(EC_(se)),Ca,Mg,K,Na,Cl,andNaadsorptionratio(SAR)weredeterminedinsaturatedpasteextracts.Resultsindicatedthatabout63%ofsoilsintheJVareindeedsaline,outofwhichalmost46%aremoderatelytostronglysaline.AlongtheN-StransectoftheJV,EC_(se)increasedfrom4.5to14.1dSm~(-1)intop-soilsamples.Similarincreasewasobservedforthesub-soilsamples.Themajorchemicalcomponentsofsoilsalinity;i.e.,Ca,Mg,andCl,alsoshowedasimilarincreasealongtheN-Stransectofthevalley.Moreover,comparedtopreviousfieldsampling,resultsshowedthatchangesinsoilsalinityintheJVweredramatic.Inaddition,itwasfoundthatClimposedanexistingandpotentialthreattosensitivecropsin60%ofthesoilsintheJV,whereClconcentrationsweregreaterthan710mgL~(-1).UndertheprevalentaridMediterraneanconditions,improvingthemanagementofirrigationwater,crops,andnutrientinputsandincreasingwaterandfertilizeruseefficienciesshouldbeindispensabletoconserveandsustainthealreadyfragileagriculturalsoilsintheJV.

简介：SoutheastChinaisoneoftheseveresoildegradationareasinChina.Thispapertheoreticallyexaminestheimpactofsomeimportantinstitutionalarrangementsandpolicies,likelandmanagementpattern,theruraloff-farmemployment,landpropertychangeandchangesinpricesofagriculturalproducts,onsoildegradationinthisarea.Itfurtherconductssomecasestudiestoconfirmthepotentialrelationshipbetweentheinstitutions&policiesandsoildegradation,applyingthesurveyedandthesecondhanddata.Thepaperatlastmakessomeconclusionsandproposessomesuggestionsonhowtopromotesoilconservationbyimprovingthewaysofpolicydecision-makingandtheeffectsofpoliciesonlanduse.

简介：InsouthernChina,collapsinggullyerosionproducesmassivedepositsofsedimentontheploughlayerofalluvialfanfarmland,leadingtoreducednutrients,increasederodibility,andevendesertification.Theaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatesoilerodibility(thefactorKintheUniversalSoilLossEquation,USLE)andphysicochemicalpropertiesofthealluvialfansofthemostseverecollapsinggullyerosionareas(Hubei,Jiangxi,Fujian,andGuangdongprovinces)insouthernChina.Thesoilsofthecollapsinggullyalluvialfanshadahigherbulkdensity,butalowertotalporosity,saturatedwatercontent,andsiltandclayfractionsthanthecontrol(CK)soilsfromthefarmlandwithoutdesertification.Soilqualitygraduallydecreasedfromfanedgetofanhead.SignificantdecreaseswerefoundinsoilpH,organicmatter,cationexchangecapacity,andtotalpotassium,nitrogen,andphosphorus,aswellasavailablenitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassium,resultinginagradualdecreaseinsoilnutrientsfromthefanedgetothefanhead.Soilerodibilitywasgreatestinthefanhead,andsoilerodibilityKvaluesofthealluvialfanswere53.71%,66.28%,67.53%,and71.68%greaterthanthatinthoseoftheCKsoilsofHubei,Jiangxi,Fujian,andGuangdong,respectively,indicatingasignificantcorrelationbetweenthesoilerodibilityKvaluesandphysicochemicalproperties,particularlysandfractionandorganicmattercontent.Theresultsprovidenewinsightsintotherelationshipbetweensoilphysicochemicalpropertiesanderodibilityofalluvialfans,andsuggestthatimprovingsoilstructuremightincreasesoilfertilityinthecollapsinggullyalluvialfanfarmland.

简介：一个pile-soil-structureinteraction系统的地震抵抗的表演上的学习是在土木工程学实践的一个相对复杂、首先重要的问题。在这篇论文，为pile-supportedstructures的一个计算模型和计算过程，它能按时地考虑堆积土壤相互作用完成，被有限单元法建立。数字实现在时间领域被做。为pile-soil-structure系统的地震反应分析的简化近似简短被介绍。然后，比较研究为一个设计例子被执行，数字结果由有限单元法和简化方法分别地计算了。通过比较分析，简化方法获得很好的结果同意有限单元法完成的那些，这被显示出。数字结果和调查结果将为有启发性的指南提供支持堆积的结构的forearthquake抵抗的分析和设计。

简介：Theeffectsofsimulatedacidrainretainedinsoilonthepropertiesofacidsoilanditsdiminishingbyapplicationofgroundphosphaterockwereinvestigatedbyusingthesorptionmethod.Resultsshowasfollows:(1)Foryellowbrownsoil,theeffectofsimulatedacidrainonthepropertiesofsoilwithapHvalueof5.9wasrelativelysmall,exceptagreatquantityofacidraindepositedonit.(2)forredsoil,theeffectofsimulatedacidrainonthepropertiesofsoilwassignificant.Withtheincreaseoftheamountofaciddeposition,thepHvalueofsoilwasdeclined,butthecontentsofexchangeableH^+,Al^3+andMn^2+andtheamountofSO4^1-retentionwereincreased.(3)Manypropertiesofacidsoilscouldbeimprovedbyapplyinggroundphosphaterock.Forexample,pHvalueofsoilsandtheamountsofavailablePandexchangeableCa^2+andMg^2+wereincreased,andtheamountsofexchangeableH^+andAl^3+andSO4^2-retainedwasreduced.Theapplicationofgroundposphaterockcouldeffctivelydiminishthepollutionofacidraintosoil.

简介：InordertostudytheinfluenceofdifferenceinC2H2concentrationontheproductionofCO2,N2O,NH4-Nandvolatilefattyacids(VFA).soilslurrieswithagradientinC2H2concentrationwereanaerobicallyincubatedat25℃for2weeks.Acetate,butyrateandCO2productionandNH4-NaccumulationwereinhibitedintheslurresinthepresenceofC2H2;andtheinhibitioneffectincreasedwithincreasingC2H2from0to20kPaintheheadspacegasoftheincubationbottle.However,N2O,isobutyrateandpropionateproductionwasnotobviouslydifferentamongtheslurresamendedwithC2H2from2.5to20kPa.Therefore,theresultsimpliedthattheC2H2didnotpromotetheinhibitionbutonlyincreasedthesideeffectonothermicrobialprocesses.TheC2H2of2.5kPawassuggestedtobetheoptimumchoiceforthepresentdenitrificationstudy.

简介：Weconductedastudytofindoutifarbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)fungi(Acaulosporascrobiculata,Scutellosporacalospora)andphosphatesolubilizingbacteria(PSB,Paenibacilluspolymyxa)inoculationeitherindividuallyorincombinationscanimproveAcaciaauriculiformisseedlinggrowth,uptakeofnutrientsandqualityinaphosphorusdeficienttropicalAlfisol.Theseedlingswereassessedforvariousgrowthandnutrientuptakeparametersafter60daysoftreatment.InoculationwithP.polymyxastimulatedmycorrhizalformation.Seedlingheight,stemgirth,taprootlength,numberofleavesandleafarea,plantdrymatterproduction,nodulation,andnodulardryweightweresignificantlyhigherforseedlingsthatwereeitherdualinoculatedortripleinoculatedcomparedtoindividualinoculationofAMfungiorPSB,anduninoculatedseedlings.DualandtripleapplicationofAMfungiandPSBalsosignificantlyimprovedthenutrientcontentsofshootsandrootsandnutrientuptakeefficiencies.ThecalculatedseedlingqualityindexesoftheAMfungiandPSBinoculatedseedlingwere25–208%higherthanuninoculatedseedlings.ThesefindingsshowthatA.auriculiformisseedlingswhendualinoculatedortripleinoculatedperformedbetterthanseedlingsinoculatedwiththemicrobesindividuallyandcomparedwithuninoculatedcontrolseedlings.Weconcludethatbioinoculationisimportantfortheproductionofhigh-qualityA.auriculiformisseedlingsintreenurseriesforplantinginnutrientdeficientsoils.

简介：ThenitrogendepositionexperimentsonCinnamomumcamphoraplantationofHunanprovincialbotanicalgardenweresimulatedfromJunethe7thtoOctoberthe7th,2010,thenitrogendepositionlevelswasrespectivelyascontrol(CK,0g·m-2a-1),lownitrogen(LN,5g·m-2a-1),mediumnitrogen(MN,15g·m-2a-1)andhighnitrogen(HN,30g·m-2a-1).ThesoilrespirationspeedandsoilsurfacetemperatureandthesurfacewatercontentofthesoilweredeterminedbyLI-8100measuringinstrument.TheresultsshowthattheaveragevaluesofsoilrespirationspeedwereCK(4.09±0.66μmol·m-2s-1),LN(2.39±029μmol·m-2s-1),MN(2.18±0.19μmol·m-2s-1),HN(2.28±0.25μmol·m-2s-1),andthetreatmentoftheCKwasobviouslyhigherthantheotherthreetreatments（P<0.01）.Withdifferentnitrogenconcentrationsdepositiontreatments,theQ10（temperaturesensitivitycoefficients）forsoilrespirationofCK,LN,MNandHNtreatmentswere1.84,1.71,1.83and1.56.Itwaspositivecorrelationbetweentherespirationspeedandthesurface（≤10cm）temperatureoftestedsoil.Itwasnegativecorrelationbetweentherespirationspeedandthesurface（≤5cm）watercontentoftestedsoil（P>0.05）.Volumetricwatercontentof5-cmsoilwasbetween0.2666-0.2944(m3·m-3),andthemonthlycontentdidnotvarytoomuchduringtheresearchperiod（1.8%-9.4%）.ThefindingssuggestthattheinitialstageofnitrogendepositionobviouslyinfluencedthesoilrespirationofC.camphoraplantation.

简介：植物在土壤磷营养起一个重要作用。然而，在中国的黄土高原的土壤的磷营养上的植物的效果很好没被理解。这研究被进行在中国的黄土高原揭示在植物和phosphoru的部分和可获得性之间的关系。22个植物社区被调查，在不同植物华盖下面的土壤样品为土壤性质和无机的磷分别的决心是镇定的。结果证明Leguminosae和Lilaceae减少了pH并且当Labiatae和Rosaceae增加了pH并且减少时，在他们的华盖下面在土壤增加了有机物，阳离子交换能力，总数和Olsen磷在在他们的华盖下面的土壤的有机物，阳离子交换能力，总数和Olsen磷。Ca2P，Ca8P，高山和Fe-P的内容高度与土壤Olsen磷被联系。他们都在在Leguminosae和Lilaceae下面的土壤是更高级的并且在Labiatae和Rosaceae下面在土壤降低。这研究的结果显示Leguminosae和Lilaceae在土壤改进了磷营养，然而，Labiatae和Rosaceae在他们的华盖下面在土壤阻碍了磷营养的改进，它将具有更多的帮助在这个区域指示植被恢复并且为土壤开发提供信息。

简介：ThispaperanalyzestheimpactsofphysicalbackgroundandhumanactivitiesonsecondarysoilsalinizationinaridHetaoPlain,overviewstheadoptedameliorationstrategies,andsuggeststhecorrespondingstrategiesdealingwithwatershortageintheYellowRiver.