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简介：Unusualcarbonaceousmatter,termedherechiemite,composedofmorethan90%CfromtheAlpineForelandatLakeChiemseeinBavaria,southeasternGermanyhasbeeninvestigatedusingopticalandatomicforcemicroscopy,X-rayfluorescencespectroscopy,scanningandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy,high-resolutionRamanspectroscopy,X-raydiffractionanddifferentialthermalanalysis,aswellasbyδ13Cand14Cradiocarbonisotopicdataanalysis.Inthepumice-likefragments,poorlyorderedcarbonmatterco-existswithhigh-orderingmonocrystallineα-carbyne,andcontainssubmicrometer-sizedinclusionsofcomplexcomposition.Diamondandcarbyneaddtothepeculiarmixofmatter.TherequiredveryhightemperaturesandpressuresforcarbyneformationpointtoashockeventprobablyfromtherecentlyproposedHoloceneChiemgaumeteoriteimpact.Thecarbonmaterialissuggestedtohavelargelyformedfromheavilyshockedcoal,vegetationlikewood,andpeatfromtheimpacttargetarea.Thecarbonization/coalificationhighPTprocessmaybeattributedtoastrongshockthatinstantaneouslycausedthecompleteevaporationandlossofvolatilematterandwater,whichneverthelesspreservedtheoriginalcellularstructureseenfossilizedinmanyfragments.Relativelyfreshwoodencapsulatedinthepurportedstronglyshockedmatterpointtoquenchedcarbonmeltcomponentspossiblyimportantforthediscussionofsurvivaloforganicmatterinmeteoriteimpacts,implyinganastrobiologicalrelationship.

简介：ThecentralpurposeofthispaperistoexplainhowDarwin′stheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectioncanbeusedinunderstandingcurrenthumanbehaviour.First,Darwin′slogicisbrieflydescribed.Developmentisanimportantissuewhenapplyingevolutionarytheorytohumanbehaviour.Thenotionofinnatedevelopmentalorganizationofpsychologicalmechanismsisintroduced.Thepossiblesocialandpoliticaloutcomesproducedwhendifferentlevelsofinnatedevelopmentalorganizationarepairedwithdifferentbeliefsaboutitareconsidered.Thenotionofpsychologicalmechanismsasevolvedadaptationsisconsideredinsomedetail.ThenIdiscussdifferentwaysevolutioniststhinkabouthowgenesareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofadaptations.Thepaperconcludeswithaframeworkforconsideringhowancestraladaptationsfunctionincurrentenvironmentsandoutlinessomewaysofstudyingthem.InChinaandmanyotherpartsoftheworldpeopledesireamoreharmonioussociety.Ihopethatthispaperwillbeofsomesmallhelpinachievingthisgreattask.

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简介：Ananalysisisperformedtostudytransientfreeconvectiveboundarylayerflowofacouplestressfluidoveraverticalcylinder,intheabsenceofbodycouples.Thesolutionofthetime-dependentnon-linearandcoupledgoverningequationsiscarriedoutwiththeaidofanunconditionallystableCrank–Nicolsontypeofnumericalscheme.Numericalresultsforthesteady-statevelocity,temperatureaswellasthetimehistoriesoftheskin-frictioncoefcientandNusseltnumberarepresentedgraphicallyanddiscussed.Itisseenthatforallflowvariablesasthecouplestresscontrolparameter,Co,isamplified,thetimerequiredforreachingthetemporalmaximumincreasesbutthesteady-statedecreases.

简介：背景：训练的整个身体颤动(WBV)出现到豆子为在更老的个人训练的常规抵抗的有效选择。到目前为止，没有数据在心和肺的健康上关于振动效果存在。目的：这随机的ised控制了估计的试用在超过60岁的社区住所成年人在心和肺的健康和肌肉力量上训练的1年的WBV的效果。方法：220个成年人的一个总数(意味着年龄67.1年)随机被分到一个WBV组，健康组或控制组。在一个颤动平台上行使的TheWBV组，和健康组表演了心血管，抵抗，平衡和拉长的锻练。控制组没参予任何训练。心率在一个单个WBV会议期间被测量。山峰氧举起(VO2peak)和time-to-peak锻练(TPE)在进步自行车ergometry期间被测量。肌肉力量被一个测力计估计。结果：心率在WBV训练期间显著地增加了。在1年以后，VO2peak,TPE和肌肉力量在WBV和健康组显著地增加了。两个都训练的组在VO2peak和肌肉力量同样改善了。健康组比WBV组在TPE更显著地改善了。结论：WBV在社区住所训练老看起来有效改进心和肺的健康和肌肉力量。

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简介：ImpactsongrowthofyoungtreesofPinusKoraiensisof6environmentalfactorsofintensityofsunlight,directsunlight,thicknessofsoilhumus,neighboringtrees,uppercanopyspecies,herbsandshrubswereinvestigatedonyoungtreeofPinusKoraiensisand4neighboringtreeswhichareconsideredthestructuralunitofthemicroenvironment.Resultsindicatedthatthe6environmentalfactorsunderinvestigationhadeffects,tovariousextents,ongrowthoftheyoungtrees.Basedonthefindings,suitablegrowingconditionsforregeneratedyoungtreeofPinusKoraiensisunderforestwereidentifiedandcorrespondingsilviculturalmeasureswereproposedforoperationalpractice.

简介：Thepaperassessestheeconomicimpactsofthenaturalforestprotectionprogram(NFPP)ontheeconomyofYunnanProvince,China,intermsofgrossoutput,valueadded,employment,andhouseholdincome.Aninput-outputmodelisdevelopedtoestimateNFPP'seconomicimpactsbymeansofbackwardlinkagesintheforestrysectorandloggingandhaulagesector.ItisfoundthattheNFPPhaspositiveimpactsongrossoutput,valueaddedandhouseholdincomeintheinitialyear,buthassignificantlynegativeimpactsontheregionaleconomyinthefollowingyearsastheinvestmentdecreases.

简介：应力是为韵律在讲话合成处理的一个重要参数。在这份报纸，我们把中立音调音节和强壮的压力音节的声学的特征与中等压力音节作比较，包括沥青，音节持续时间，紧张并且暂停在音节以后的长度。在持续时间和音质之间的关系，以及第三个音调(T3)和音质也被学习。三压力预言基于ANN当模特儿，即声学的模型，语言学模型和混合模型，为预言中国句子的stress.The结果证明混合模型比另外的二个模型更好表演被介绍。以便解决用手的标记的差异的问题，支持比率的一个评估索引被建议。

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简介：Themicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesoffrictionstirwelded2.5mm7050-77451aluminumalloynaturalaging72hand17520hwereinvestigated,respectively.Theuniaxialtensiletestshowedthatyieldstrength,tensilestrengthandelongationofthejoints17520hnaturalagingwereabout20%,12%and24%higherthanthosejointsnaturalaging72h.Hardnessprofileofnaturalaging17520hjointwitnessedsignificantenhancementinnuggetzone,comparedwith72hnaturalaging.Differentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC)andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)testrevealedthatmoreGuinier-Prestonzone,η'andηphaseemergedinnuggetzoneasnaturalagingdurationincreased,highdensityofdislocationlocatedwithingrainboundaryinnuggetzoneofjointsnaturalaging72h.ItisconcludedthatnaturalagingwasfeasibletoenhancestrengthandplasticityofFSWjointssimultaneously.

简介：Inthispaper,anewdomaindecompositionmethodbasedonthenaturalboundaryreduction,whichsolveswaveproblemsoveranunboundeddomain,issuggestted.Ancircularartifcialboundaryisintroduced.Theoriginalunboundeddomainisdividedintotwosubdomains,aninternalboundedregionandexternalunboundedregionoutsidetheartificialboundary.ADirichlet-Neumann(D-N)alternatingiterationalgorithmisconstructed.WeprovethatthealgorithmisequavilenttopreconditionalRichardsoniterationmethod.Numericalstudiesareperformedbyfiniteelementmethod.ThenumericalresultsshowthattheconvergencerateofthediscreteD-Niterationisindependentofthefniteelementmeshsize.

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简介：Heattransferintheevacuatedcollectortubeisathree-dimensionallaminarnaturalconvectionproblemdrivenbybuoyancy.Becauseofitscomplexity,noeffectivetheoreticalmodelisavailabledespiteoflimitedexperimentalworkwhichisconfinedtooneaspect.Thepresentworkaimstodepicttheconvectiveheattransferinsideatwo-endedinclinedtubewithEast-Westsymmetricheatinputusingnumericalmethods,Basedonreasonableassumptions,governingequationsoftheinsidefluidareestablished.Thecorrespondingdiscretizatedequationsaresolvedbyemplogyingnumericalmetholds.Thecalculatedresultsaredisplayedforvelocityandtemperatureprofilesondifferentcross-sectionalplasnes.whichpresenttheflowpatterncharacterizedbyupflowanddownflowalongtheaxialdirectionandadherentflowalongtheperipheraldirection,andtheheattransferrpocessfromthewalltothecenter,Furthermore,thetransientNusseltnumberandaveragetemperaturelevelareshownanddiscussed.Finally,theparametriceffectsofthetuberadiusandtheheatinputontheflowandheattransferarealsogiven.

简介：批评阀值氯化物集中Ccr，氯化物散开系数D，和表面氯化物集中C的概率分布s被决定基于在水泥收集了自然暴露数据，和加强depassivation的概率评价用Monte-Carlo被介绍模拟。从为加强的depassivation概率上的ccr，cs，和D的吝啬的价值的敏感分析，ccr，cs，和D分别地有，这被发现最大，更小，并且depassivation的概率上的最低效果。最后，加强depassivation概率上的水泥的压力状态的效果被分析。当暴露时间增加，压力状态的影响变得明显，这被发现当暴露时间增加。

简介：放大碎片长度多型性(AFLP)技术被用来在马尼拉蚌(Ruditapesphilippinarum)的四张自然人口分析基因差异，在中国的四个海区域分布式，我。e.，Bohai海，Huanghai海，华东海和华南海。264AFLPloci在195individuals被分析并且揭示了基因差异的高水平。多态的loci的百分比从92.13%～96.06%并且香农“s信息索引从0.2568～0.2756。由分析分子的变化(AMOVA)，有在Qingdao和另外的三个海区域的人口之间的基因区别的高水平，这被发现。由Nei的聚合分析“spairwisedistances由地理起源组织了标本，除了Qingdao的人口。一个结论能被得出在在中国和一些不同差别的马尼拉蚌的四张自然人口有高基因的差异，这存在在之中并且在四张人口之间。结果也显示人的耕作活动将在Qingdao的人口的基因结构上有大影响。

简介：以便理解在落叶松种植园在微地点条件和自然新生上变瘦的效果，变瘦的实验在东方辽宁省在Qingyuan县在40-year-oldLarixolgensis种植园被进行，在2003-20的中国(14。Fivethinning处理(0%，10.2%，19.8%，29.7%和40.3%变瘦)在一样的地点上被设计。在变瘦以后，象光合的光子流动密度(PPFD)那样的华盖坦诚和微地点条件，土壤含水量，和土壤温度在一生长期被测量。同时，自然新生的调查在生长期的结束被进行。结果证明华盖坦诚随变瘦的intensities.PPFD和土壤温度的增加增加了，在不同土壤层的土壤含水量与在变瘦以后的华盖坦诚是确实相对的。改革树种类的丰富显著地没增加(p=0.30)自从变瘦，而是新生，在一生长期以后，树种类的密度和频率显著地增加了(p<0.05)。另外，改革树种类的数字增加了，并且增长与单个树种类的特征被相关。改革shade-intoleranttree种类的幼苗的增加的百分比多于阴影容忍的树种类的。在调查新生种类之中，到华盖坦诚的幼苗紧急情况的最大的反应是Phellodendronamurense。这篇论文证实了下列结论：在变瘦以后，改革树种类的变化是有在调查落叶松种植园改革unthinned树和地点条件的树种类，和分发的特征的关联词是影响新生的另外的因素。

简介：由使用能识别栽培米饭(OryzasativaL)的二亚种(indica和装饰用的梨树)的19份教材，从在Yuanjiang的普通野米饭(OryzarufipogonGriff)的自然人口的56个个人的indica装饰用的梨树区别被SSR分析(微卫星DNA，或简单顺序重复)。19份教材，17对(89.47%)能个人在所有之中放大一个种仅仅乐队类型，但是教材RM251andRM18能放大多态的乐队类型。16份教材(84.21%)放大的乐队与indica装饰用的梨树相同在栽培米饭的相关地点的诊断乐队，包括11像装饰用的梨树的loci和4象indica一样loci。乐队由另外的三份教材放大了(RM18，RM202，RM205)与indica或装饰用的梨树不同栽培米饭的诊断乐队。结果证明根据分析的19loci，在Yuanjiang的普通野米饭的SSRlociingenomic脱氧核糖核酸的84.21%显示了indica装饰用的梨树区别，13.79%loci仍然保持原始，并且大多数检测loci是在自然人口基因的人。

简介：Antifungaldrugresistanceisasignificantclinicalproblem,andantifungalagentsthatcanevaderesistanceareurgentlyneeded.Ininfectiveniches,resistantorganismsoftenco-existedwithsensitiveones,orasubpopulationofantibiotic-susceptibleorganismsmayevolveintoresistantonesduringantibiotictreatmentandeventuallydominatethewholepopulation.Inthisstudy,weestablishedaco-cultureassayinwhichanazole-resistantCandidaalbicansstrainwasmixedwithasusceptiblestrainlabeledwithgreenfluorescentproteintomimicinvivoconditionsandscreenforantifungaldrugs.Fluconazolewasusedasapositivecontroltoverifythevalidityofthisco-cultureassay.FivenaturalmoleculesexhibitedantifungalactivityagainstbothsusceptibleandresistantC.albicans.Twoofthesecompounds,retigericacidB(RAB)andriccardinD(RD),preferentiallyinhibitedC.albicansstrainsinwhichtheeffluxpumpMDR1wasactivated.Thisselectivitywasattributedtogreaterintracellularaccumulationofthedrugsintheresistantstrains.Changesinsterolandlipidcompositionswereobservedintheresistantstrainscomparedtothesusceptiblestrain,andmightincreasecellpermeabilitytoRABandRD.Inaddition,RABandRDinterferedwiththesterolpathway,furtheraggregatingthedecreaseinergosterolinthesterolsynthesispathwayintheMDR1-activatedstrains.Ourfindingshereprovideanalternativeforcombatingresistantpathogenicfungi.