简介：

简介：2009年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者O．E．威廉姆森的学术思想经历了三个发展阶段：早期侧重于企业行为与市场管制；巅峰时期研究交易成本和企业边界；晚年集中于公司治理和管理。威廉姆森的研究深受赫伯特．西蒙的影响，将经济学、管理学、法学、心理学、政治学等结合起来，从跨学科的视角研究真实世界里的企业，对经济发展和社会科学研究产生了广泛而深远的影响。

简介：Thetraditionaleconomicgrowthmodeof"threehighsandonelow(highinput,highconsumption,highpollutionandlowefficiency)"makesChinagettheachievementsofeconomicdevelopmentandprosperityduringthereformandopeningupwithmorethan30years,butbehindthisextensivemodeofeconomicgrowthisexcessiveconsumptionofnaturalresourcesandalotofgreenhousegasesemissions,thisnotonlylimitsthegrowthrateofChina’seconomy,butmakesatremendousnegativeimpactontheenvironmentwhichisdifficultforustosurvive.Therefore,realizingindustrialstructurelow-carboneffectivelyanddevelopingalow-carboneconomycharacterizedby"low-power,lowconsumption,lowpollutionandlowemissions",becomeChina’snewtargetselectiontotransformeconomicdevelopmentmodeandrealizethegoalofoptimizationandupgradingofindustrialstructureandsustainabledevelopment.

简介：Low-carboneconomicdevelopmenthasbecomeafundamentalapproachtocoordinatingeconomicdevelopmentandcarbonemissionsmitigation.Asrapiddevelopingeconomic,aviationandnavigation,andfinancialcenterofNorthChina,Tianjin'senergydemandandCO2emissionsaremushrooming,withpercapitaCO2emissionfromfossilfuelcombustionexceeding20tin2020,whichmuchexceedscurrentlevelofUSA.Inthebackgroundofglobalrespondingtoclimatechange,ChinawilllikelyberequestedtocommitpeakingitsGHGemissionsduring20202030,whichwillinevitablyreducetheroomofdevelopmentinTianjinenormously.Tianjinshouldmakedeploymentahead,realizingwin-winofaddressingclimatechangeandsustainabledevelopment,withlowcarboneconomicdevelopmentasimportantstrategicmission.Firstofall,Tianjinshoulddevotemoreeffortstoreducingenergyintensityandrealizingrelativeemissionreduction.ScenarioanalysisshowsthatTianjin'sfutureCO2emissionswillcontinuetoincreaserapidly,buttheycanbesignificantlyreducedbytakingmeasures.Second,TianjinshouldgetreadyforachievingabsolutereductionofCO2emissionsassoonaspossible,preparingsystem,technologyandtalentinadvance,makinggreateffortstoestablishinstitutionalmechanismsconducivetolow-carbondevelopmentfromnowon,startingfromenergyconservationandemissionreduction,activelycarryingoutlow-carbontechnologyresearchanddevelopment,vigorouslydevelopingthetertiaryindustrywithlow-emissions,developingnewandrenewableenergyresources,activelypromotelow-carbonconsumption.

简介：Basedontheanalysisontheglobalwarmingandenvironmentaldeterioration,low-carbonconcepthasreceivedmoreandmoreattentionfromgovernments,expertsandscholarsathomeandabroad.TheBritishgovernmentfirstputforwardtheconceptoflow-carboneconomy,andafterthattheJapanesegovernmentproposedtheconstructionoflow-carbonsociety.Inourcountry,expertsandscholarsbegantoresearchonlow-carboncityfrom2007.Thispaperlooksthroughthepracticalandtheoreticalstudiesonlow-carboncityconstructionofthedomesticexpertsandscholars.Thecurrentbackgroundoflowcarboncityconstructionisfirstintroduced.Toclarifyfundamentalconnotation,characteristicsandtargetofChina’slow-carboncityisveryimportant.Therefore,thispapersummarizestheresearchprogressofthelow-carboncityconstructionfromthenecessity,theconnotationandcharacteristicsoftarget.Then,weshouldpayattentiontochoosingtherightindex,combiningtheregioncharacteristicswiththecurrentdevelopmentmodelandevaluationindexessystem,toreflectandimprovecarbonemissions.Finally,thepapergivesanoverviewofsuggestionsbyexpertsandscholarsontheconstructionoflowcarboncity.

简介：

简介：Thispapertakestheclimatechangeandlowcarboneconomydevelopmentasthestudybackground,basedontheanalysisofenergydemandandcarbonemissionsstatus,whichisaimedtoprovidethelowcarbondevelopmentpathinChinesecities.Themethodofscenarioanalysiscanbeusedtopredictlong-termstrategyfortheuncertaintyfuturedevelopment,anditwasintroducedtothefieldofsocialforecastingandpublicpolicyresearch,suchastheenvironmentalstrategicplanning,policyanalysis,andsupportofdecisioninresourcemanagement,whichcanbeusedtoexplorethepossibledevelopmenttrendandtargetoftheresultsfromthemacroperspective.Scenarioanalysishasbeengraduallyappliedtothestudyareaonlowcarboneconomy,energyforecastingandotherfieldsinrecentyears,andtherehavebeenmanyresearchresultsindifferentaspects.Thispapertakesthescenarioanalysisasbasicstudytheory,spreadingoutthepresentsituationofitsapplicationinlowcarboncityandsomeissuesthatneedfurtherstudy.Asatoolforpredictingthefuturedevelopmentinlowcarboncity,themethodofscenarioanalysishasbeenprovidingapowerfulreferenceforpoliciesandtheirexecutants.

简介：风险越来越大，五部委紧急叫停“打捆贷款”，但是地方政府掌握大量经济资源，实际上已经成为信贷市场中的最大买家，银行几乎避无可避

简介：

简介："三个代表"与法治和德治之间存在密切的关系.和先进生产力相适应的是先进的生产关系,即社会主义市场经济体制.要建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制,必须实现"依法治国"和"以德治国"相结合的政治体制.先进文化是马克思主义原理指导下批判地吸收了西方法制文化和中国传统文化的新文化,这种文化在社会治理上表现为法治和德治的结合.为了保障广大人民群众的根本利益,在社会治理上也必须实现法治和德治相结合.

简介：港澳两地政府由12月10日起简化两地居民出入境程序，除两地居民日后在本港或澳门入境时，毋须填写入境申报表外，亦可互相使用对方口岸的“e道”出入境。

简介：

简介：Nowadayslow-carbondevelopmenthasbecomeahotissueofthewholeworld.Thisarticlefirstintroducesthebackgroundoflow-carboneconomy,andthenexplainstheimportanceofretailingcompaniesinsocialeconomyandthereasonswhytheyshouldoperateinlow-carbonmode.Morespecifically,low-carbonoperationcannotonlyimprovethecompetitivenessofaretailingcompanybyreducingoperationcostandformattinggoodcorporateimage,butalsobenefitthewholesocietybyreducingenvironmentpollutionandpromotinglow-carbonconsumptionandproduction.Onlybyadoptinglow-carbonoperationpatterncanretailingcompaniesconfrontthefierceinternationalcompetition.Toillustratetheabovepointofview,severalcasesoffamouswesternretailingcompanieswillbeanalyzedinthisessay.Tesco,Wal-MartandCarrefourarealltypicalexamplesinlow-carbonoperationbecausetheyallhavegreatgreenandsustainabilityinitiatives.Basedontheadvancedexperiencesoftheabove-mentionedcompanies,thisessaydiscussesthelow-carbonoperationways,puttingforwardsomevaluablesuggestionsonthisproblem.Fromatechnicalperspective,retailingcompaniesshouldadoptadvancedtechnologiesrelatingtolow-carbonoperation.Ontheotherhand,managementlevelofretailingcompaniesshouldbeenhancedtoensuretheapplicationeffectoflow-carbontechnologies.Retailingcompaniesshouldimprovetheabilityofinternalmanagementtoexcavatetheinternalpotentialandbuildgreensupplychaintocorporatewithstrategicpartners.Finally,thisarticlegivestheconclusionofthewholeanalysis.

简介：Globalwarminghasexertedseverechallengesonthesustainabledevelopmentofeconomicsocietyandthefoodsecurity,resourcesecurity,energysecurityandecologicalsecurityoftheworld.Low-carboneconomyhasbecomethecurrenttrendoftheglobaleconomicdevelopment.Thus,theindustrialdevelopmentofChinamustseektheinstitutionalinnovationandtechnologicalinnovationsoastoimprovetheefficiencyofenergy.High-endindustryhasbecomethemainfactorofthefuturedevelopmentoftheeconomicsociety.Thus,todevelopthehigh-endindustryisanimportantapproachtorealizelow-carboneconomy.Thispaperexploresthestrategiesofthedevelopmentofnewlyemerginghigh-endindustriesagainstthebackgroundoflow-carboneconomyformsuchperspectivesaseffectiveuseofresources,theimprovementofindependentinnovativeability,andleadingthehigh-end,highqualityandhighefficiencyindustriestotheimportantregion.

简介：2008年5月6日，瑞士银行发布一季度财报，结果巨亏115．4亿瑞士法郎，于是一场声势浩大的“瘦身”运动就此展开。

简介：

简介：面对外资全能型银行的竞争和我国金融体系内货币市场和资本市场互动的需求,我国分业体制下的银行业和证券业已显不足.在混业条件尚不完备的条件下,进行银证合作是一个现实有效的抉择.商业银行为证券公司提供资金支持和各种服务,证券公司为商业银行分散风险,开辟新的中间业务.银证合作不应该停在表面,需要走向深层次,比如工具、业务和制度的创新及资产证券化.

简介：TheProgramofCocinasComunitariasinthestateofOaxaca,Mexicobenefitschildrenaged6to12whoattendprimaryeducationschoolsinlow-incomemunicipalities.Itishopedthatthisfoodassistanceprogramwillallowchildrentolearnbetteranddeveloplearningskills.Inthisway,asignificantreductioninthegradefailureratesanddropoutratesisexpected,whichwillbereflectedinahighergraduationefficiencyrates.Infact,thecontributionofthisworkconsistsofamethodologyfortheanalysisoftheimpactofthefoodsubsidyontheacademicperformanceoflow-incomeprimaryeducationstudents.Inthissense,amultivariatemodelwasconstructedtoanalyzetheinterrelationshipsbetweengradefailure,dropout,graduationefficiencyrates,foodsubsidy,andthesocio-demographiccharacteristicsofthepopulationthatattendsprimaryeducation.TheMexicangovernmentexpectsfromthisprogramthatthemorelow-incomechildrencompleteprimaryeducation,themorelikelythatahighernumberofadolescentswillcompletehighschooleducation.Thisschemeisveryimportantforthecountry’shalfpopulationlivinginpovertyandespeciallyinOaxacaStatewhichisoneofpooreststates.

简介：ItisafundamentalwaytoachievesustainabledevelopmentandinclusivegrowththatChinatakesthelow-carbondevelopmentpath.Andlow-carbondevelopmentisaneffectivewaytorespondtomanythreats,includingglobalclimateanomalies,environmentaldegradation,andenergyshortage.Low-carboneconomyispolicyeconomytoalargeextent.Althoughtheexternalenvironmentdemandslow-carbondevelopmentofelectricpowerindustry,enterpriseslackintrinsicmotivation.ElectricpowerindustryisthepillarindustryofChina,andisoneofthekeyindustriesforChina'slow-carbondevelopment.Thegovernmentneedstoensureitsdominantpositioninthelow-carbondevelopmentofelectricpowerindustry,andreformthegovernmentperformancemanagementsystemandpromotetheplanningandmanagementofelectricpowerindustrythroughappropriatepublicpolicy,inordertoadjustthestructureoftheelectricpowerindustryandtakealow-carbondevelopmentroadwithChinesecharacteristics.

简介：